Sundaramanickam Arumugam

Annamalai University · Center of Advanced Study in Marine Biology

Biosurfactants are surface-active biomolecules produced by microbes (bacteria, fungi, and yeast) and have several advantages over the chemical surfactants, such as lower toxicity, higher biodegradability, better environmental compatibility, higher foaming, high selectivity, and specific activity under extreme conditions such as temperature, pH, and...

Microplastics are the major environmental health hazards spotted in almost all the marine habitats and biota of world. The earlier research on microplastics have mainly focused on studying abundance and distribution as well as impacts on organisms, while the existing review articles have reviewed on any one of the above aspects or the environmental...

The present study reports a dense bloom of the marine-diatom Hemidiscus hardmanianus observed off the Tuticorin coast in the Gulf of Mannar (GoM), India. The surface water discoloration (pale green) was observed during a coastal survey conducted in the initial period of the northeast monsoon (October 2018). The bloom extended over an area of approx...

We studied the abundance of microplastics from commercial table salts and table salts from salt pans at Marakkanam and Parangipettai, Tamil Nadu, India. Microplastic abundance in the salts collected from salt pans had a range of 3.67 ± 1.54 to 21.33 ± 1.53 nos./10 g of salt which were higher than the microplastics retrieved from the commercial salt...

The widespread presence of microplastics (MPs) in freshwater systems as an emerging environmental pollutant has caused a global environmental problem. The present study investigates the distribution and abundance of source pathway and abundance of microplastics in surface sediment samples from rivers discharging into the Gorgan Bay, southeast of th...

The present study focused on the isolation and selection of identically similar bacteria from two different estuaries: polluted (KM186605) and marginally polluted (KM186603). The selected strains were tentatively identified as Bacillus anthracis using biochemical and molecular characteristics. The comparative assessments were performed based on the...

The present study confidently delves into evaluating the proximate, chemical composition of various marine seaweeds, including the green species Hypnea pannosa and Spatoglossum solieri, as well as the brown species Padina boergesenii, collected from the coastal area of Jeddah in the Red Sea, Saudi Arabia. The findings indicate that S. solieri (42.2...

In this study, Curtobacterium luteum was utilized to investigate the biosorption of multi-metal ions (Cd, Cr, Cu, and Zn). The optimal condition for the biosorption was observed at pH 6, with a metal concentration of 50 mg/l, a biosorbent concentra�tion of 1 mg/l, and a contact time of 30 min. The maximum metal adsorption percentages were found to...

This study focuses on the estimation of antioxidant, antifungicidal and antibacterial activities, as well as the composition of chemical (secondary metabolites) of seaweeds composed from Red Sea in the southern region of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The Red Sea ecosystem is known for its unique marine biodiversity and remains relatively underexplored in t...

Tuticorin area is populated with a large number of chemical industries and thermal power plants which contribute to changes in physicochemical characteristics of the coastal waters. Long term monitoring is required in order to understand the fluctuating trends of water quality in this area. The present study aimed to monitor the physicochemical cha...

In this study, the abundance of microplastics (MPs) in the Uppanar and Gadilam estuaries in Cuddalore, on the southeast coast of India, is reported. In the estuarine sediments, MP abundance ranged from 36.3 ± 3.39 to 51.6 ± 2.05 particles/Kg dw. Different types of MP shapes, such as fibers (41.7–47.9%), films (21.2–27.2%), and fragments (18.3–25.5%...

An experiment was carried out to investigate the potential of virgin LDPE microplastics to transfer heavy metals. Desired shapes (fibres, fragments, and films) and sizes (< 5 mm) of virgin LDPE microplastics were immersed in a known concentration (30 µg/l) of chromium (IV). These Cr-coated microplastics were introduced into a culture tank containin...

The bigeye numbfish, Narcine oculifera previously distributed from Oman and Somalia was recorded for the first time from Indian coastal waters based on a single female specimen (measured TL of 338 mm) from Mudasalodai fish landing centre (11º 29' N; 79º 46' E), southeast coast of India, Bay of Bengal, India which was caught by trawler operated at t...

The structure and seasonal dynamics of penaeid shrimp post-larvae and juvenile assemblage in the Alamparai estuary were studied for two years from April 2012 to March 2014 concerning environmental characteristics such as rainfall, water temperature, salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen, nitrite, phosphate and silicate. A total of six commercially importa...

Ecosystem health can be monitored by analyzing the species diversity and abundance in a region. The process of recognizing species based on morphology takes a lot of time and expertise. Metabarcoding and other modern molecular taxonomic methods can help speed up species identification. However, the choice of gene markers and primers, the lack of re...

The present study focusses on the bactericidal activity of nano‐silver particles synthesized using wattle and quebracho as reducing agents. The formation of wattle‐mediated nanoparticles (NW) and quebracho‐mediated nanoparticles (NQ) have been structurally and morphologically confirmed using spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. Bactericidal ac...

Synthetic plastics are becoming hazardous wastes, posing a threat to environmental sustainable health; hence, they must be replaced with alternatives. This study aimed to prepare corn starch-based bioplastics using fish scale through film casting technique as an alternative to synthetic plastics. In this work, four types of bioplastic films (CSF, C...

In recent years, heavy metals and certain organic pollutants exist in various toxic forms in the environment which are difficult to eliminate by traditional technologies and urgently call for new advanced technologies. Nanomaterials (NMs) and nanoparticles (NPs) have recently received a great deal of attention due to their excellent properties of t...

Seasonal variations in hydrography, trophic status, and plankton community structure were studied along the Tuticorin coastal waters (TCWs) in the Gulf of Mannar (GoM). Samples were collected in 2015 and 2016 to analyze physico-chemical (temperature, pH, salinity, suspended particulate matter (SPM), dissolved oxygen (DO), nutrients, etc.) and biolo...

The authors of the present research aimed to assess microplastics (MPs) contamination in the gills and gut of selected fishes from various aquatic zones and also to bring out the risks of the identified polymers. Accordingly, about 200 fish specimens of 10 different species were collected from the landing center at Parangipettai, southeast coast of...

Soil salinity is one of the major limiting factors of the crop production, it has been constantly increasing in agricultural land due to the impact of climate change and urbanisation. High salinity in the agrolands can lead ionic, oxidative, osmotic and water stress to crops. A potential phosphate solubilising bacterium, Curtobacterium luteum was i...

Caromiobenella helgolandica (Claus, 1863), a presumedly widespread monstrilloid copepod, is reported for the first time from Saudi waters of the Arabian Gulf; only females were found in zooplankton samples collected from Tarut Bay in the Arabian Gulf. Caromiobenella Jeon, Lee, & Soh, 2018 is a recently described genus that is distinguished by havin...

Caromiobenella helgolandica (Claus, 1863), a presumedly widespread monstrilloid copepod, is reported for the first time from Saudi waters of the Arabian Gulf; only females were found in zooplankton samples collected from Tarut Bay in the Arabian Gulf. Caromiobenella Jeon, Lee, & Soh, 2018 is a recently described genus that is distinguished by havin...

A female specimen of shortlip numbfish, Narcine brevilabiata Bessednov 1966 of total length 293 mm occurrence was witnessed from mudasalodai fish landing centre (11º 29’ N; 79º 46’ E), Bay of Bengal, south east coast of India which was caught by bottom otter trawlers targeted for the demersal fishes at depth of 50–60 m. The specimen is identified a...

Microplastics (MPs) have been detected in diverse aquatic environments, including oceans, seas, lakes, rivers, beaches, coastlines, and even in mangroves. A recent study has brought to light that almost 22% of the countries have carried out studies on MPs. From these it is evident that MPs have been observed in almost 44 countries globally. However...

Microplastics pollution has raised specific concern due to their global occurrence and their presence in different aquatic environments such as surface waters of rivers, lakes, and in coastal and marine environment. Microplastics pollution of the marine ecosystem is the most studied research topic. However, very limited knowledge is available on fr...

In the present study, exopolysaccharide (EPS) producing phosphate solubilizing bacterium, Enterobacter soli was screened from rhizospheres soils of mangrove environment. The enhanced production of EPS by Enterobacter soli (EsEPS) was obtained by optimization of cultural conditions, maximum production (3.86 ± 0.03 g/l) was obtained at pH 6.0 and 1%...

Enormous quantities of marine macrophytes have been accumulated in shorelines by tidal actions, which considered as organic pollution. There is a necessity to collect macrophytic biomasses from shorelines to protect the environment. This paper focused on the collection and utilization of waste macrophytic biomass for the production of silver nanopa...

Microplastics are widely distributed across the different environments by means of which they affect the various living organisms. This distribution majorly arises from dumping of plastic wastes into landfills and sewage treatment systems. This chapter focuses on the occurrence of microplastics in the environment and its treatment technologies. Lan...

Microplastics (MPs) are toxic pollutants, which are found ubiquitously in the marine environment. The present study aimed to assess the level of MP contamination in Vellar estuary, southeast coast of India. MP abundance in surface water and sediments ranged from 1.15 ± 0.01 to 5.14 ± 0.04 items/m³ and 24.8 ± 0.75 to 43.4 ± 0.98 particles/kg d.w., r...

Microplastics are the smallest plastic materials formed by the disintegration of larger plastics. Some microplastics are made directly and used as raw materials for cosmetics. Currently, these contaminants are found almost in the entire marine environment. The complexity in the chemical composition of the plastic reduces its biodegradability and th...

Mangroves are one of the significant categories of coastal vegetation, distributed in the shorelines of tropical and subtropical regions and performing a dynamic role in coastal ecosystems. The recent developments of coastal cities, industrialization, unplanned recreational activities and expansion of aquaculture at mangrove areas in various region...

Synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using microorganisms has gained considerable attention as an efficient alternative for conventional chemical synthesis. Earlier, we have demonstrated biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using marine Escherichia coli VM1. Here, we investigated antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant efficacy of the synthe...

Nanotechnology involving biopolymers is comprehensively used in biomedical applications, planning sciences, and food development. The present work describes the synthesis, characterization, and application of carrageenan and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) based hydrogel. The synthesized hydrogels were subsequently characterized using FTIR, XRD,...

This investigation was made to assess the seasonal accumulation pattern of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH) in sediments along the two major ports, such as Ennore and Tuticorin, located in Southeast coast of India. The level of TPH was found to vary from 2.05 to 17.47 µg g−1. To establish the relationship among the TPH with total organic carbon (T...

Organic debris in the form of fish bone wastes account to several thousand tons annually. In recent years, researchers have turned attention towards the bioconversion of organic debris into materials with biomedical applications. Accordingly, the present study synthesized nano-Hydroxyapatite (n-HAP) from bones of discarded Sardinella longiceps by t...

Nowadays, zinc oxide nanoparticle is ineluctable filler in medicinal and photocatalytic activities. A simple, non-toxic and green synthetic method has been used for synthesis of ZnO-NPs. Characterizations of ZnO-NPs were confirmed by UV–Vis spectroscopy, XRD, FT-IR, EDX analysis and FE-SEM. The XRD pattern reveals that the formation of hexagonal wu...

In the present study a single individual (64 mm SL) of Seamoths Eurypegasus draconis Linnaeus, 1766 was recorded from the Kasimedu fisheries harbour, Chennai coast. This is the first record of the species from mainland of India Chennai, Tamil Nadu coast and third record from Indian waters. After three decades the species were documented in the Indi...

The marine environment is extremely complex and contains a broad spectrum of fungal diversity. The unique physico-chemical properties of the marine environment are likely to have conferred marine fungi with special physiological adaptations that could be exploited in biotechnology. The prominence of this chapter is on marine fungi which are derived...

A. Sundaramanickam The threat posed by this pollutant is grave with drastic health effects from skin diseases to arteriosclerosis. Microplastics are plastic particles less than 5mm in diameter. They contribute to over 80% of the ocean debris. The plastic materials discarded by humans traverse through land and are passed to the oceans by wind or riv...

The study aims at the characterization of purified alkaline protease Micrococcus luteus strain isolated from marine sediments collected at Tuticorin, Tamilnadu, Southeast coast of India.The16S rRNA sequencing and biochemical characterization exposed that the strain resembles Micrococcus luteus. The protease purification produced 2.5 fold purificati...

Aquaculture diseases cause serious threat to the entire culture pond thereby causing severe economic loss which could be treated by the use of probiotic bacteria. Phosphate in the original form does not favor consumption by the marine plants hence it has to be converted to solubilized form which is achieved by phosphate solubilizing bacteria. The p...

In the present study, we developed an eco-friendly method of stable silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) production using the aqueous extract of Trichodesmium erythraeum. The biosynthesized AgNPs were characterized using UV–Vis spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), E...

Total organic carbon profile in sea water (depth-wise) and sediment has been investigated on seasonal basis in the coral reef ecosystem of Agatti island, Lakshadweep sea. The TOC values of sea water and sediment were converted into percentage to understand its level of distribution. The level of TOC in the surface sea water ranged from 0.40 to 1.02...

A total of 42 strains of actinobacteria were isolated from five different stations. Out of these 42 isolates, the suspected 10 actinobacterial strains were screened and inoculated for purification, and based on the preliminary screening results, MAB18 was taken to investigate the extraction evaluation of its antimicrobial property. Then it was test...

Present study highlights the fact that the bacterium B. thuringiensis CASKS3, isolated from mangrove sediments is an efficient strain for biosorption of mercury. Metal-tolerant bacterial strain CASKS3 was identified as Bacillus thuringiensis following 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Initially, the strain was tested at a minimal inhibitory concentr...

The present study was under taken to have a detailed survey on commercially important fish landings in the Agatti and Kavaratti islands, Lakshadweep Sea, Southwest of India from January to December (2016). Seasonal (premonsoon, monsoon, postmonsoon) survey was carried out. Results indicate that 59 species of commercially important fishes were recor...

To understand the impact of seasonal variability on plankton food web composition in tropical coastal waters, samples were collected from three locations along Tuticorin coastal waters during postmonsoon, summer, and northeast (NE) monsoon seasons. During the NE monsoon, the total suspended matter (TSM) and nutrient concentrations were relatively h...

The ocean’s largest extant elasmobranch fish whale shark (Rhincodon typus) has been wedged accidentally in gillnet by fishermen off the coast of Cuddalore, southeast coast of India. The paper also discusses conservative measures to protect the diversity of Whale shark.

This paper examines the potential detoxification efficiency of heavy metals by phosphate solubilising bacteria (PSB) that were isolated from coral, sea grass and mangrove environment. Initially, four potential bacterial isolates were selected based on their phosphate solubilisation index from 42 strains and were used for the metal tolerance test. A...

This report is a record of the occurrence of the xanthid crab Demania armadillus (Herbst, 1790) in Kalpakkam coastal waters, southeast India and the morphological features of two female specimens. © 2018, National Institute of Science Communication and Information Resources (NISCAIR). All rights reserved.

An observational investigation on the environmental variables in the coral reef ecosystem of the Lakshadweep Sea was made with reference to coral bleaching. The investigation was done during 2014–2015 in selected islands of Lakshadweep Sea. The environmental variables recorded were sea surface temperature (SST; 28.1–31.5 ° C), salinity (34.0–38.36...

Biosurfactant-producing bacteria were isolated from sediment sample collected from Pondicherry harbour region, south-east coast of India. Isolates were screened for the biosurfactant production using crude oil as substrate. The selected strain was identified by 16S rDNA gene sequencing analysis and was tentatively identified as Pseudomonas stutzeri...

The diurnal changes in physico-chemical parameters and phytoplankton community structure was investigated during 30th and 31st January 2017 at of Ennore coastal waters, southeast coast of India. Surface water and plankton samples were collected at every 3 hrs interval over a period of 36 hrs. A total of 36 species were identified belonging to 7 fam...

Bacterial population in the coastal water of Ennore, up to 5km from shoreline were observed over a period of one year (2011) on seasonal basis (postmonsoon, summer, premonsoon and monsoon). Water samples were examined for total viable count and pollution indicator bacteria (total coliform, fecal coliform, Escherichia coli and Streptococcus faecalis...

In the current study laccase producing bacterial strain was isolated from mangrove soil at different depth (surface, 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2). Among the different sample, soil collected from 2 meter depth was black and muddy like nature with temperature 27.9 ᵒC soil pH 7.75 showed maximum laccase producing bacterial strain which turn to dark green colour...

The effects of temperature on quality of Rastrelliger kanagurta were investigated at various storage temperatures. The fishes were preserved at different cold temperature 4°C, -4°C and -20°C for duration of 48 hrs. The quality variations of fishes were investigated at various time periods 0 hrs, 24 hrs and 48 hrs. The quality assessment of fishes w...

Kaliveli Lake is a coastal lagoon wetlands in the Viluppuram District, near to Bay of Bengal, Tamil Nadu state, Southeast coast of India. The lake is one of the largest wetlands in peninsular India, and is considered a wetland of international importance proposed by International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN). Ka...

The sweeper fish Pempheris flavicycla is recorded from Kasimedu fish landing center, Chennai, India, for the first time.

This study reports further occurrence of the crab Eucrate indica (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Euryplacidae) along the Chennai coast, Tamil Nadu, India. The crabs were obtained from a depth of 40-60 m in the trawl by-catch. The morphological features, color and distribution of these crabs are given.

The present investigation aimed to study the effect of monsoonal and anthropogenic influences on the water quality parameters of Puducherry coastal waters. Surface water sampling was performed at three fixed stations in four distinct seasons during 2011. Physical water quality parameters such as salinity and TSM showed strong seasonal and spatial v...

Thirty-one mercury-resistant bacterial strains were isolated from the effluent discharge sites of the SIPCOT industrial area. Among them, only one strain (CASKS5) was selected for further investigation due to its high minimum inhibitory concentration of mercury and low antibiotic susceptibility. In accordance with 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequences,...

The silver-cheeked toad fish, Lagocephalus scleratus, was recorded for the first time on 25 September 2014. Two specimens of this fish species were collected from the by-catch landed by a commercial deep-sea trawler at Kasimedu Fishing Harbour, Chennai coast, Southeast India. The morphometric and meristic characters of the recorded specimens are de...

The silver-cheeked toad fish, Lagocephalus scleratus, was recorded for the first time on 25 September 2014. Two specimens of this fish species were collected from the by-catch landed by a commercial deep-sea trawler at Kasimedu Fishing Harbour, Chennai coast, Southeast India. The morphometric and meristic characters of the recorded specimens are de...

The present study reports the first occurrence of two spot razor fish, Iniistius bimaculatus (Ruppell, 1829) from the Chennai coastal waters, Southeast coast of India. Two specimens measuring 141 mm and 169 mm TL was collected from trawl catches in the Chennai coast during September 2010. A systematic account of this species and a description, colo...