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Publications (383)
Water quality standards of raw water resources are getting more stringent in Taiwan. This is due to the higher number of potential contaminants released to the water bodies leading to the potential risks to the human health. Raw water resources, including one river and three reservoirs representative of the major raw water resources in northern and...
The ϕ-Λ(1520) interference effect in the γp→K^{+}K^{-}p reaction has been measured for the first time in the energy range from 1.673 to 2.173 GeV. The relative phases between ϕ and Λ(1520) production amplitudes were obtained in the kinematic region where the two resonances overlap. The measurement results support strong constructive interference wh...
Background
Epigenetic drift progressively increases variation in DNA modification profiles of aging cells, but the finale of such divergence remains elusive. In this study, we explored the dynamics of DNA modification and transcription in the later stages of human life.
Results
We find that brain tissues of older individuals (>75 years) become mor...
The $\phi$-$\Lambda(1520)$ interference effect in the $\gamma p\to K^+K^-p$ reaction has been measured for the first time in the energy range from 1.673 to 2.173 GeV. The relative phases between $\phi$ and $\Lambda(1520)$ production amplitudes were obtained in the kinematic region where the two resonances overlap. The measurement results support st...
In this paper, nonpolar a-plane GaN-based photonic crystals (PCs) with different defect cavities have been demonstrated. By using a micro-photoluminescence (μ-PL) system operated at 77 K, the dominant resonant modes of the GaN-based PC defect cavities show high quality factor (Q) values in the light emission performance which can be up to 4.3×103....
In this study, the design and fabrication of a InGaN vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) with a composition-graded electron blocking layer (GEBL) are revealed experimentally and theoretically. It has been demonstrated that laser output performance is improved by using a GEBL when compared to the typical VCSEL structure of a rectangular E...
Background
Major depressive disorder (MDD) exhibits numerous clinical and molecular features that are consistent with putative epigenetic misregulation. Despite growing interest in epigenetic studies of psychiatric diseases, the methodologies guiding such studies have not been well defined.
Methods
We performed DNA modification analysis in white b...
Dynamic patterns of cytosine-5 methylation and successive hydroxylation are part of epigenetic regulation in eukaryotes, including humans, which contributes to normal phenotypic variation and disease risk. Here we present an approach for the mapping of unmodified regions of the genome, which we call the unmethylome. Our technique is based on DNA me...
Modern Western Medicine (MWM) and Ayurveda/Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) can be considered two extreme paradigms to complex systems. The microscopic and reductionist approach of the West prevails in acute and single-gene conditions such as infection and Mendelian disorders. The macroscopic and holistic approach of the East potentially fares we...
A search for $K^-pp$ bound state (the lightest kaonic nucleus) has been
performed using the $\gamma d \rightarrow K^+ \pi^- \rm{X}$ reaction at
E$_\gamma$=1.5-2.4 GeV at LEPS/SPring-8. The differential cross section of $K^+
\pi^-$ photo-production off deuterium has been measured for the first time in
this energy region, and a bump structure was sea...
Background
Chromatin, residing in the nuclei of eukaryotic cells, comprises DNA and histones to make up chromosomes. Chromatin condenses to compact the chromosomes and loosens to facilitate gene transcription and DNA replication/repair. Chemical modifications to the histones mediate changes in chromatin structure. Histone-modifying enzymes are pote...
Although the fabrication of SnS films by plasma-enhanced chemical vapour deposition (PECVD) has been reported by many researchers, to date there is no report available on the preparation of SnS films from solid source materials through the PECVD method. In the present work, SnS films are deposited from cost-effective and low-toxicity source materia...
The 5-methylcytosine (5-mC) derivative 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) is abundant in the brain for unknown reasons. Here we characterize the genomic distribution of 5-hmC and 5-mC in human and mouse tissues. We assayed 5-hmC by using glucosylation coupled with restriction-enzyme digestion and microarray analysis. We detected 5-hmC enrichment in ge...
Epigenetic differences are a common feature of many diseases, including cancer, and disease-associated changes have even been detected in bodily fluids. DNA modification studies in circulating DNA (cirDNA) may lead to the development of specific non-invasive biomarkers. To test this hypothesis, we investigated cirDNA modifications in prostate cance...
Targeted cancer therapies, with specific molecular targets, ameliorate the side effect issue of radiation and chemotherapy and also point to the development of personalized medicine. Combination of drugs targeting multiple pathways of carcinogenesis is potentially more fruitful. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been tailoring herbal mixtures...
Distribution of age. Age distributions of those who have a single, cancer diagnoses without other secondary diagnoses.
(TIF)
Distribution of cancer types. The 3-digit numbers in blue are the ICD-9 codes of the cancers.
(TIF)
Heatmap and hierarchical clustering of cancers and formulas/herbs. Rows are formulas (in blue) or herbs (in green) and columns are cancers. Color key and histogram show the value and distribution of the weights.
(TIF)
Distribution of age. Age distributions for those who have, in addition to their primary cancer diagnoses, a secondary, but not tertiary, diagnosis.
(TIF)
Distribution of secondary diagnoses. The highest two account for 21% of all the secondary diagnoses.
(TIF)
Summer prescriptions to cancers. A PC is a linear combination of formula/herb weights. The PCs are orthogonal to one another in the sense that they are uncorrelated. PCs are ordered such that data projected on the first PC show most variation, etc.
(TIF)
Mean temperatures of Taiwan in different seasons. Monthly thirty-year (1981–2010) mean temperatures in Celsius were taken for each of the four metropolises in Taiwan: Taipei, Taichung, Tainan and Kaohsiung. Pan-Taiwan monthly mean temperatures were calculated by averaging over the metropolises and then plotted by the seasons. Temperatures changed m...
Boxplot of Zipf exponents. Exponents were the slopes from the linear regression to the first 20 datapoints, i.e. the 20 heaviest formulas/herbs, in the Zipf plots of individual cancers.
(TIF)
The first 10 eigenvalues of the first 10 eigenvectors (principal components) of the 746 by 746 covariance matrix from the 120 by 747 cancer-season-herb weight matrix. The first 3 eigenvalues (i.e. variances) account for 55% of the sum of all the eigenvalues.
(TIF)
Autumn prescriptions to cancers. A PC is a linear combination of formula/herb weights. The PCs are orthogonal to one another in the sense that they are uncorrelated. PCs are ordered such that data projected on the first PC show most variation, etc.
(TIF)
Difference in the TCM prescriptions between seasons. Difference is calculated from the displacement of datapoints between two seasons by ∑i(PCspring−PCsummer)i * variancei, where PCspring are the coordinates of the points in spring, variancei is the variance (i.e. eigenvalue) of PCi and i = 1, 2, 3. Note that the spring in spring-winter is spring 2...
Winter prescriptions to cancers. A PC is a linear combination of formula/herb weights. The PCs are orthogonal to one another in the sense that they are uncorrelated. PCs are ordered such that data projected on the first PC show most variation, etc.
(TIF)
Mean relative humidities of Taiwan in different seasons. Monthly thirty-year (1981–2010) mean relative humidities were obtained for each of the four metropolises in Taiwan: Taipei, Taichung, Tainan and Kaohsiung. Pan-Taiwan monthly mean relative humidities were calculated by averaging over the metropolises and then plotted by the seasons. Relative...
Mean precipitations of Taiwan in different seasons. Monthly thirty-year (1981–2010) mean precipitations were obtained for each of the four metropolises in Taiwan: Taipei, Taichung, Tainan and Kaohsiung. Pan-Taiwan monthly mean precipitations were calculated by averaging over the metropolises and then plotted by the seasons. Precipitations changed m...
Graded-composition multiple quantum barriers (GQB) were designed and incorporated in c-plane InGaN/GaN light-emitting diodes (LEDs) grown on c-plane sapphire substrate to improve hole transport and efficiency droop. The simulation of GQB LED design predicts enhancement of the hole transport in the active region at both low and high current densitie...
A graded-composition electron blocking layer (GEBL) with aluminum composition increasing along [ 0001] direction was designed for c-plane GaN-based light-emitting diodes (LEDs). The simulation results demonstrated that such GEBL can effectively enhance the capability of hole transportation across the EBL as well as the electron confinement. Consequ...
In this study, three types of adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) were employed to predict effluent suspended solids (SSeff), chemical oxygen demand (CODeff), and pHeff from a wastewater treatment plant in industrial park. For comparison, artificial neural network (ANN) was also used. The results indicated that ANFIS statistically outperf...
Protein lysine methyltransferases G9a and GLP modulate the transcriptional repression of a variety of genes via dimethylation of Lys9 on histone H3 (H3K9me2) as well as dimethylation of non-histone targets. Here we report the discovery of UNC0638, an inhibitor of G9a and GLP with excellent potency and selectivity over a wide range of epigenetic and...
Epigenetic studies of DNA and histone modifications represent a new and important activity in molecular investigations of human disease. Our previous epigenome-wide scan identified numerous DNA methylation differences in post-mortem brain samples from individuals affected with major psychosis. In this article, we present the results of fine mapping...
Detection of copy number variation (CNV) in DNA has recently become an important method for understanding the pathogenesis
of cancer. While existing algorithms for extracting CNV from microarray data have worked reasonably well, the trend towards
ever larger sample sizes and higher resolution microarrays has vastly increased the challenges they fac...
We present the first observation of resonance energy transfer from InGaN quantum wells to Au nanoclusters via optical waveguiding. Steady-state and time-resolved photoluminescence measurements provide conclusive evidence of resonance energy transfer and obtain an optimum transfer efficiency of ~72%. A set of rate equations is successfully used to m...
Further analysis, supplementary figures, table of epigenetic proteins, tables of potentially epigenome-interacting TCM medicinal.
Epigenetics is a phenomenon of heritable changes in the chromatin structure of a genomic region, resulting in a transcriptional silent or active state of the region over cell mitosis. Mounting evidence has demonstrated phenotypic consequence of alternations in the patterns of DNA methylation and histone modifications, two of the well-studied epigen...
Segmentation, filtering out of measurement errors and identification of breakpoints are integral parts of any analysis of microarray data for the detection of copy number variation (CNV). Existing algorithms designed for these tasks have had some successes in the past, but they tend to be O(N 2 ) in either computation time or memory requirement, or...
We had demonstrated several novel methods to improve efficiency droop behavior in GaN-based light-emitting diodes (LEDs). LEDs with different kinds of insertion layers (ILs) between the multiple quantum wells (MQWs) layer and n-GaN layer were investigated. By using low-temperature (LT, 780°C) n-GaN as IL, the efficiency droop behavior can be allevi...
Internal quantum efficiency (IQE) of InGaN/GaN UV LEDs with patterned sapphire substrates (PSS) was investigated using electroluminescence (EL) and photoluminescence (PL) methods. The physical mechanisms that affect temperature-dependent EL efficiency as a function of injected carrier density were deduced. In order to reduce the density of non-radi...
A graded-composition electron blocking layer (GEBL) with aluminum composition increasing along the [0001] direction was designed for c-plane InGaN/GaN light-emitting diodes (LEDs) by employing the band-engineering. The simulation results demonstrated that such GEBL can effectively enhance the capability of hole transportation across the EBL as well...
In this study, high crystalline quality 30 μm thick gallium nitride (GaN) films were grown by hydride vapor phase epitaxy
(HVPE) on sapphire substrate, and the thick GaN films were used for developing high performance light-emitting diodes (LEDs).
By using high-resolution X-ray diffraction, the full width at half-maximum (FWHM) of the rocking curve...
InGaN/GaN LED with graded-thickness MQWs has superior hole and radiative recombination distribution by simulation modeling, and electroluminescence spectrum reveals additional emission from the narrower wells. Output power and efficiency droop behavior are both improved.
We present a study of semi-polar (1\bar{1}01) InGaN-based light emitting diodes (LEDs) grown on patterned (001) Si substrates by atmospheric-pressure metal organic chemical vapor deposition. A transmission electron microscopy image of the semi-polar template shows that the threading dislocation density was decreased significantly. From electrolumin...
We have studied the characteristics of efficiency droop in GaN-based light emitting diodes (LEDs) with different kinds of insertion layers (ILs) between the multiple quantum wells (MQWs) layer and n-GaN layer. By using low-temperature (LT) (780 °C) n-GaN as IL, the efficiency droop behavior can be alleviated from 54% in reference LED to 36% from th...
InGaN/GaN light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with graded-thickness multiple quantum wells (GQW) was designed and grown by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition. The GQW structure, in which the well-thickness increases along [0001] direction, was found to have superior hole distribution as well as radiative recombination distribution by performing simul...
We reported optical properties of a-plane ZnO/ZnMgO multiple quantum wells (MQWs) structure grown by the pulse laser deposition system. The emission peak energy of a-plane ZnO/ZnMgO MQWs kept invariant in the power-dependent photoluminescence (PL) measurement, indicating the nonpolar characteristics due to the lack of built-in electric fields. Larg...
Nonpolar (a-plane) GaN nanorod arrays with embedded InxGa1−xN/GaN (x = 0.09, 0.14, 0.24, and 0.30) multiple quantum wells (MQWs) grown on r-plane sapphire have been fabricated successfully by self-assembled Ni nanomasks and subsequent inductively coupled plasma reactive-ion etching. After nanorod fabrications, the polarization ratio of the emission...
We report the observation of optically pumped room temperature lasing action from GaN nanopillars. The lasing action occurs at threshold pumping power density of 122 MW/cm2 with a linewidth of 0.38 nm at 363 nm.
This study aimed to investigate the effects of eight metals on the anaerobic digestion of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) in bioreactors. Anaerobic bioreactors containing 200 mL MSW mixed completely with 200 m L sludge seeding. Ca and K (0, 1000, 2000 and 6,000 mg L(-1)) and Cr, Ni, Zn, Co, Mo and W (0, 5, 50 and 100 mg L(-1)...
This study aims at investigating the effects of MSW incinerator fly ash (FA) and bottom ash (BA) on the anaerobic co-digestion of OFMSW with FA or BA. It also simulates the biogas production from various dosed and control bioreactors. Results showed that suitable ashes addition (FA/MSW 10 and 20 g L(-1) and BA/MSW 100 g L(-1)) could improve the MSW...
The LEPS/SPring-8 experiment made a comprehensive measurement of the spin-density matrix elements for γp→ϕp, γd→ϕpn, and γd→ϕd at forward production angles. A linearly polarized photon beam at Eγ=1.6–2.4 GeV was used for the production of ϕ mesons. The natural-parity Pomeron exchange processes remain dominant near threshold. The unnatural-parity pr...
Differential cross sections and photon-beam asymmetries for the {gamma}-vectorp{yields}K{sup +{Lambda}}(1520) reaction have been measured with linearly polarized photon beams at energies from the threshold to 2.4 GeV at 0.6<cos{theta}{sub c.m.}{sup K}<1. A new bump structure was found at W{approx_equal}2.11 GeV in the cross sections. The bump is no...
Differential cross sections and photon-beam asymmetries for the gamma p -> K+
Lambda(1520) reaction have been measured with linearly polarized photon beams
at energies from the threshold to 2.4 GeV at 0.6<cos(theta)<1. A new bump
structure was found at W=2.11 GeV in the cross sections. The bump is not well
reproduced by theoretical calculations int...
Real world markets display power-law features in variables such as price fluctuations in stocks. To further understand market behavior, we have conducted a series of market experiments on our web-based prediction market platform which allows us to reconstruct transaction networks among traders. From these networks, we are able to record the degree...
The physical mechanisms leading to the efficiency droop of InGaN/GaN light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are theoretically investigated.
We first discuss the effect of Auger recombination loss on efficiency droop by taking different Auger coefficients into account.
It is found that the Auger recombination process plays a significant nonradiative part for...
The non-polar a-plane AlxGa1−xN alloys on GaN epitaxial layer with different Al compositions (0≤x≤0.2) were grown on r-plane (1 1¯ 0 2) sapphire substrates by using low-pressure metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) and the Al composition x were estimated from the X-ray diffraction measurements. According to the result of asymmetric X-ray...
We have investigated the lasing characteristics of GaN-based two-dimensional photonic crystal surface emitting lasers (PCSELs) with different PC lattice constants by using angled resolved spectroscopy. Due to the Bragg diffraction theory, normalized frequency of lasing wavelength of PCSELs can be exactly matched with three distinct band-edge freque...
Real world markets display power-law features in variables such as price fluctuations in stocks. To further understand market behavior, we have conducted a series of market experiments on our web-based prediction market platform which allows us to reconstruct transaction networks among traders. From these networks, we are able to record the degree...
Temperature dependence of electroluminescence (EL) efficiency in blue InGaN–GaN multiple-quantum-well (MQW) light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with different well widths is systematically investigated. The EL efficiency at 300 K shows a maximum at the input current of 4, 10, and 60 mA for the LEDs with 1.5-, 2.0-, and 2.5-nm QWs, respectively. Neverthele...
GaN-based photonic crystal surface-emitting lasers(PCSELs) with AlN/GaN distributed Bragg reflectors were fabricated and analyzed. Different lasing characteristics of GaN-based PCSEL has been determeined and demonstrated by the PC lattice constants. The laser emission behavior covered the whole PC patterns of 50 mum in diameter. Under the optical p...
We conduct a market experiment with human agents in order to explore the structure of transaction networks and to study the dynamics of wealth accumulation. The experiment is carried out on our platform for 97 days with 2,095 effective participants and 16,936 times of transactions. From these data, the hybrid distribution (log-normal bulk and power...
We conduct a market experiment with human agents in order to explore the structure of transaction networks and to study the dynamics of wealth accumulation. The experiment is carried out on our platform for 97 days with 2,095 effective participants and 16,936 times of transactions. From these data, the hybrid distribution (log-normal bulk and power...
Internal quantum efficiency (IQE) of InGaN-based ultraviolet light emitting diodes (LED) grown on patterned sapphire substrate (PSS) and flat sapphire were measured by photoluminescence and electroluminescence methods. The IQE improvement of PSS LED is significant.
A defect selective passivation method to block the propagation of threading dislocations in GaN epitaxial growth is demonstrated. The defect selective passivation is done by using defect selective chemical etching to locate defect sites, followed by silicon oxide passivation of the etched pits, and epitaxial over growth. The threading dislocation d...
Differential cross sections for η photoproduction from protons have been measured at Eγ=1.6–2.4 GeV in the backward direction. A bump structure has been observed above 2.0 GeV in the total energy. No such bump is observed in η',ω, and π0 photoproductions. It is inferred that this unique structure in η photoproduction is due to a baryon resonance wi...