Sumedha Moharana

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• Doctor of Philosophy
• Professor (Associate) at Shiv Nadar University

Corrosion of reinforcement steel in concrete is a major cause of infrastructure failure, particularly in marine environments where chloride ions penetrate the concrete, destroy the passive iron oxide film and initiating corrosion. While concrete's alkaline pH naturally protects rebar, chloride ingress combined with oxygen and moisture can exceed cr...

Simple instrumentation methods and adequate flexibility to adjust the specimen’s configuration must be included in the ease of deployment of any sensing system. However, sensor installations have remained the same, and have many limitations for their applicability in many critical sections. The present research focuses on reusability and reproducib...

The hydration of cement involves complex interactions between various compounds at the microscopic level. Effective monitoring of this process provides valuable insights into the hydration mechanism, enhancing the workability, durability, and strength of concrete. This study employs the Virtual Cement and Concrete Testing Laboratory (VCCTL) to pred...

In past years, sensor-based health diagnostics have shown significant potential for electromechanical impedance (EMI) techniques with many practical implementations. In order to enhance the effectiveness of health monitoring systems, it is crucial to examine the bonding interface between the piezoelectric sensor (PZT) and the host structure. A prom...

The corrosion behavior of the reinforced concrete structure depends heavily on the interfacial bond behavior between steel and concrete. Over the years, the deterioration of integrated reinforced steel has weakened this bond and potentially led to structural problems. Conventional methods of bond strength evaluation, such as pullout and bond beam t...

Concrete strength assessment through NDE has opened very widen prospects for the implementation of Non-destructive techniques and evaluation (NDT&E) approach through static and dynamic approach. As strength gain in concrete is complex phenomena, hence, NDT approaches are more suitable to acquire early-stage strength measurement to allow the structu...

The integration of 3D printed constructions into civil projects has created new opportunities for economically efficient construction. However, preserving the long-term structural integrity of 3D-printed structures poses considerable challenges. This study covers the importance of structural health monitoring (SHM) and deployment of sensors for con...

The utilization of steel reinforcement in reinforced concrete structures has garnered substantial attention due to its ability to enhance structural integrity and durability. However, the potential for structural failure remains a critical concern primarily arising due to bond loss at the critical interface between reinforcement and the concrete. T...

Bond failure in reinforced concrete structures is challenging to identify at an incipient level, leading to loss of mechanical properties and making severity evaluation challenging using PZT sensors via electro-mechanical impedance (EMI) techniques. The prediction of EMI signals poses significant constraints, particularly in the case of historical...

Structural health monitoring (SHM) is a promising field for detecting and diagnosing the damage of any type of structure. The electromechanical Impedance (EMI) technique is one such local type of health monitoring that can detect incipient damages in the host structure. There are some challenges in the piezo-structure interaction; one is related to...

In recent years, the development of digital twins has transformed the area of structural health monitoring (SHM), facilitating continuous monitoring, evaluation, and forecasting of structural behaviors. This article examines the use of digital twins in the SHM of building infrastructure advancements in detail. The study examines the fundamental asp...

The pursuit of effective corrosion inhibition, both theoretically and experimentally, has a significant impact on the global GDP and climate-related actions in infrastructure management. This current study aims to explore the corrosion reduction and inhibition mechanisms of 1-butoxypropan-2-ol (C7H16O2) otherwise known as propylene glycol 1- monobu...

The bond strength between reinforcing steel bars and cement concrete plays significant role in the structural performance for civil infrastructure. This work presents the bond performance of steel and concrete as interfacial shear strength, with the inclusion of effects of specimen diameter on embedment length, different aggregate grading and corro...

Lead zirconate titanate (PZT) patches gained popularity in structural health monitoring (SHM) for its sensing and cost effective. However, a robust installation of PZT patches is challenging due to the often-complex geometry and non-accessibility of structural parts. For tubular structures, the curved surface can compromise the perfect bonding of P...

The alloy of iron has wide applications in industries ranging from health to construction sector. The mild steel is the most sought alloy of iron in industries and is preferred due to its low cost and better mechanical properties. Even though mild steel possesses high mechanical strength it may readily undergo corrosion during its usage in adverse...

Rail accidents caused by rail track derailments have been a growing concern due to repetitive thermal changes resulting from high temperature stresses in rails due to rail traction and environmental thermal variation. This leads to thermal buckling, which can result in catastrophic failure. Structural health monitoring (SHM) using the electromechan...

Structural health monitoring aided with the electromechanical impedance technique (EMI) is gaining popularity among researchers due to its dual sensing application and noise-free sensor results and it is very sensitive to inceptive structural alternation. A thin coat of adhesive permanently bonds the piezoelectric transducers to the host structure....

Recently, sensor-based health diagnostic methods have attracted remarkable attention and can be replaced with conventional nondestructive techniques due to their robustness, reliability, and ease of implementation. Multi-sensing, reusable, and non-bonded configurations of PZT patches for impedance-based health monitoring are gaining popularity beca...

The prevalence of catastrophic structural member failure caused by steel corrosion in civil infrastructure underscores the importance of reducing reinforcement corrosion to enhance overall infrastructure costs, reliability, and sustainable development. This study examines the use of corrosion inhibitors to improve the durability and strength of con...

The piezoelectric patches paired with impedance-based signal diagnosis is one of the critical Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) techniques used for hydration monitoring concrete hydration. This investigation discusses the three different configuration PZT patches, instrumented on concrete cubes for assessing the hydration rate for concrete: (a) em...

Sports complexes and recreational centers are large and long-term investments that provide integrated facilities for training athletes and hosting social-cultural events. Due to their daily functioning, such buildings involve high energy consumption resulting in environmental impacts at both local and global scales. This article investigates the cu...

Concrete is one among the most consumed materials on the planet secondary to water. However, the degradation of concrete happens due to the corrosion of reinforcement. Although the pore solution of concrete is alkaline, the corrosion of rebars in concrete is triggered due to aggressive ions like chlorides entering the concrete. The most common meth...

Free falling or controlled high velocity jets from diversion weirs or dams results in the scouring of downstream riverbeds. Monitoring and analysing scouring is a complex problem as it depends on several factors, such as the discharge characteristics from the reservoir, sediment concentration of the discharge, tail water levels, etc. Timely monitor...

In recent era of constructional practices, sensor-based Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) is widely utilized and considered as a trustworthy Non-Destructive Evaluation (NDE) technique in the fields of Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Material Science, and Aerospace. Engineers. It allows the decision-makers frequently adopt smart material...

The detection of structural damage based on the electromechanical impedance technique is proven to have a greater sensitivity to structures based on baseline impedance signature data. These baseline signature data are also used to quantify impedance signatures statistically. However, it poses significant drawbacks when implemented on existing infra...

p>The pursuit of sustainable growth in the construction sector needs a precise forecast of material characteristics to optimize resource consumption. This research focuses on utilizing the capabilities of well-known XGBoost regression algorithms to forecast the compressive strength of High- Performance Concrete (HPC). In this study, 2171 datasets w...

p>Moisture ingression in building envelopes offers significant structural integrity and performance challenges, leading to costly rehabilitation repairs and reduced comfort for residents. Building moisture can cause Inadequate Ventilation, fungal growth and other microbial contamination, corrosion, salt crystallization, and other moisture-related d...

The recent application of deep learning for structural health monitoring systems for damage detection has potential for improvised structure performance and maintenance for long term durability, and reliable strength. Advancements in electro-mechanical impedance (EMI) techniques have sparked attention among researchers to develop novel monitoring t...

In recent constructional practice, piezo sensor-based structural health monitoring (SHM) is one of the most extensively employed and reliable non-destructive evaluation technique in the mechanical, civil, and aerospace industries. With aid of proper installation, optimal location, and reusability, the piezoelectric sensors can be used for evaluatio...

Concrete strength assessment through NDE has opened very widen prospects for the implementation of Non-destructive techniques and evaluation (NDT&E) approach through static and dynamic approach. As strength gain in concrete is complex phenomena, hence, NDT approaches are more suitable to acquire early-stage strength measurement to allow the structu...

Two-dimensional thin structural elements, such as plates, shells, and membranes, are used to introduce pre-stress while loading. Lateral vibrations and elastic stability are very common problems associated with thin-walled industrial structures, posing a high risk of structural failure in the buckling mode. This paper aims to test the possibility o...

For the past few years, along with the increasing population growth the demand for the Civil Engineering structures has increased drastically. For safety and serviceability requirement the performance of these structures must be monitored periodically. Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) provides best periodic checks for measuring or sensing the res...

Indian railway manages the fourth-largest railway network in the world by size, with 121,407 kilometers of total track over a 67,368-kilometre route. Most of the railway tracks in India have joined by bolted and large welded joints. Rails experience tensile stress in extreme heat from climate and friction and undergo excessive compressive stress wh...

Rail track derailment has been proven to be the cause of the most of rail accidents in recent years. High-temperature strains in railways caused by rail traction and thermal variation are the main causes of derailment, which lead to buckling. The likelihood of passenger deaths and maintenance costs will be reduced if thermal strains and failure in...

Portland cement is widely used in the construction industry because of its reasonable strength bearing capacity under the load and hydraulic behaviour, but it emits 5% of global carbon dioxide. Calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA) cement is the alternative binder, which provides the same strength as Portland cement and reduces the emission of carbon dioxid...

Corrosion of reinforced concrete is a major drawback of using reinforced concrete as a construction material and accounts for repair and maintenance cost. In the recent past, many researchers have been investigating various methods (inhibitors, repairing techniques, and paints) to reduce corrosion damage in concrete with a major focus on concrete c...

The suspension strut mount plays a crucial role in any vehicular suspension system, where it acts as a connector (bolted) to the vehicular body and suspension strut. The mount’s purpose is to cushion the Vehicular impacts and reduce the jarring effect, noise, and vibration caused due to vehicle movement over the undulated roads. The self-loosening...

Indian Railways is the fourth-largest railway network in the world by size, with 121,407 kilometers of total track over a 67,368-kilometre route. Mostly the railway tracks in India have joined by bolted and large welded joints, susceptible to derailment and fractures due to the longitudinal tensile stresses (hence strain) as the temperature falls b...

The piezoelectric impedance transducer is widely used for damage detection and identification of civil/mechanical infrastructure using the electro-mechanical impedance technique, in which structural equivalent impedance is derived from the piezoelectric coupled admittance signatures of the lead zirconate titanate (PZT) patches bonded to the structu...

From last few decades, the non-destructive evaluation and structural health monitoring (SHM) of civil infrastructures has gained popularity with advent of smart material and better sensor integration with structural system. Cement concrete system is heterogeneous nature and its strength development is very complex. Therefore, this paper studied the...

Porosity plays a significant role in concrete strength and durability. It also imparts the randomness in paste and aggregate bonding in cement concrete composite. The paper presents the optical evaluation and analysis of pores in cement mortar sample. The analysis has been done using microscopic images of a thin section of the cement mortar obtaine...

The conference proceedings contain full-length keynote and general articles presented at the International Conference on Futuristic Technologies 2021 (FT 21), held in online mode during 22-24 January 2021. This conference was organized by Smart Structures and Dynamics Laboratory (SSDL), Indian Institute of Technology Delhi and partnered by Futurist...

Hydration of concrete is a very complicated and multiphase process, where the cement gel transforms into a hardened state from plastic/semiplastic phase. Proper progression of the hydration process ensures the development of targeted mechanical properties such as the elastic modulus, the coefficient of thermal expansion, the Poisson’s ratio, and fi...

The suspension strut cap is the major component of automobile, which attaches the suspension strut to the vehicle body. In addition, it insulates the tire noise & vibrations from the vehicle for generated due to rough road profile and speed breakers. The suspension cap is mounted at the top of suspension strut, where one side bolts to the vehicle (...

For electro-mechanical impedance (EMI) technique based Structural Health Monitoring (SHM), the piezo ceramic patches are employed with adhesive bond to evaluate and diagnose the host structure to be monitored. The adhesive bond forms a definite layer for force transmission between the patch and host structure. The mechanical and geometrical propert...

Lime based mortar interlayer plays an important role in structural and architectural construction. Lime mortar undergoes repetitive changes in temperature when it is exposed to its service environment. Change in temperature has a significant effect on the thermal deformation of cement mortar, and even affects directly the durability of century deca...

This chapter covers the relevant details of structural health monitoring (SHM) using Lead (Pb) zirconate titanate (PZT) patches, operating in both global as well as local modes. It presents the various aspects of SHM using PZT transducers, beginning with basic aspect of PZT material. PZT, the most widely used piezoceramic, is a solid solution of le...

This chapter presents an equivalent stiffness parameter (ESP) based approach for quantifying fatigue induced damage and estimating residual service life in bolted steel lap joints using the EMI technique, without necessitating in-situ measurement of the actual residual stiffness of the component. It focuses on prototype joints subjected to fatigue...

This chapter extends the structural health monitoring (SHM) application of the electro-mechanical impedance (EMI) technique to rebar corrosion monitoring in RC structures. It explains the chloride induced corrosion monitoring, and deals with the detailed experimental study, data acquisition, analysis and development of the corrosion assessment mode...

This chapter explores the possibility of stand-alone Lead (Pb) zirconate titanate (PZT) patches operating in d31 mode for energy harvesting alongside SHM on real life structures. It extends the PZT-bond-structure coupled electro-mechanical models derive to estimate the power generation capability of the surface-bonded and the embedded PZT patches o...

This chapter introduces the phenomenon of shear lag and presents a review of the early shear lag models involving simplification, based on the coverage in the doctoral thesis of the co-author (Moharana, 2012), followed by the recent rigorous model developed by Bhalla and Moharana, 2013. It covers the modeling of the bond effect more accurately and...

This chapter focuses on the theoretical and the practical aspects of piezoelectric energy harvesting (PEH) via thin Lead (Pb) zirconate titanate (PZT) patches operating in the axial strain actuation (d31) mode. It covers various theoretical and practical aspects pertinent to piezoelectric energy harvesting. Though piezoelectric energy harvesting ha...

This chapter deliberates on the futuristic aspects of piezoelectric materials covering advancements in terms of newer materials and possible novel applications in the fields of SHM, energy harvesting and bio-medical engineering. Lead zirconate titanate (PZT) is the most widely used piezoelectric ceramic material among some 200 types of known piezoe...

This chapter covers analytical formulations of the continuum based shear lag model to provide a further improved and more accurate model for force interaction between the host structure and the Lead (Pb) zirconate titanate (PZT) patch through the adhesive bond layer. This formulation takes care of all piezo, structural and adhesive (shear lag) fact...

This chapter focuses on extending the electro-mechanical impedance (EMI) technique to detect and quantify the severity of carbonation induced corrosion, based on experimental investigations involving accelerated carbonation tests on cylindrical specimens. The corrosion assessment is based on the Lead (Pb) zirconate titanate (PZT) identified paramet...

This chapter presents new concepts involving extension of the Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) technologies (involving piezo materials) to biosystems, encompassing bio-mechanics and bio-medical engineering. It focuses on two such applications monitoring condition of bones and determining plantar pressure distribution using piezo-transducers. Plan...

This book presents, from theory to practice, key applications of piezoelectric materials in the fields of structural health monitoring (SHM), energy harvesting and bio-mechanics. The chapters provide all the necessary details covering mathematical formulations, sensor installation/ distribution and instrumentation/hardware aspects, duly supported b...

Deterioration of concrete due to sulphate attack is a major durability problem for concrete structures exposed to sulphate-rich soil and groundwater such as septic tanks, sewage pipes and water treatment plants. The con-tinuous exposure to a sulphate-rich environment, concrete loses its strength and durability resulting in a reduc-tion of the desig...

During the construction of a concrete structure, strength monitoring is important to ensure the safety of both personnel and the structure itself. Hydration (strength gain) of cement is a complicated physical and chemical process involving various phases (initial and final setting time, hydrated compound formation etc.) which determine the strength...

The impedance based structural health monitoring (SHM) techniques have utilized the electro-mechanical coupling property of piezoelectric materials (piezo-impedance transducers), due to their self-sensing nature (ability to act both as actuators and sensors), and its diminutive in shape and size, cost effectiveness and ease of installation. The adh...

This paper presents a case for extension of structural health monitoring (SHM) technologies to offer solutions for bio-medical problems. SHM research has made remarkable progress during the last two/ three decades. These technologies are now being extended for possible applications in the bio-medical field. Especially, smart materials, such as piez...

Piezoelectric materials, especially the ceramic version lead zirconate titanate (PZT), are the among the most widely used smart materials today. This paper presents the state-of-the art in the application of PZT patches in various disciplines of science and technology. The most striking application of the PZT patches in the field of non-destructive...

The application of piezoelectric sensors in the field of structural identification and structural damage detection merging with EMI technique has gained much popularity in the current research trends. This kind of technique allows systems and structures to monitor their own structural integrity. This article presents a review of power consumption a...

This article deals with the analysis of the power consumption in the piezoelectric ceramic patch of lead zirconate titanate and the losses arising from the adhesive bonding with the host structure. When a lead zirconate titanate patch is utilized as an impedance transducer in the electromechanical impedance technique, it acts both as a sensor and a...

The recent advent of the electro-mechanical impedance (EMI) technique for structural health monitoring (SHM) has provided a new paradigm to diagnose the onset of the damage at the incipient stage itself. The objective of the paper is to emphasize upon the basics of the SHM based on the EMI technique using piezo sensors, its need and its application...

During the last two decades, active research has gone into the theoretical and the practical aspects of the electro-mechanical impedance (EMI) technique for structural health monitoring (SHM).This paper reviews the theoretical developments in modelling the force transfer mechanism between the piezoelectric-ceramic (PZT) patch and the host structure...

The health monitoring of concrete structures is very challenging task due to the complexity of damage occurring in them. This necessitates the deployment of a reliable non-destructive evaluation (NDE) system, capable of detecting local damages at the incipient stage. This paper presents an overview of the recent advances in impedance-based structur...

The performance (sensing/actuating) of a piezotransducer highly depends upon the ability of the bond layer to transfer the stress and strain (through shear lag mechanism) between the transducer and the structure. Therefore, the coupled electromechanical response of the piezotransducer should consider the effect of dynamic behaviour, geometry and co...

This is not the final version of the paper, but just the accepted one (uncorrected proof). Please visit Elsevier's site for final version of the paper In the electro-mechanical impedance (EMI) technique, which is based on induced strain actuation through piezoelectric ceramic (PZT) patch, the knowledge of shear stress distribution in the adhesive...

The piezoelectric patches have started to play an important role in continuous online health monitoring of structures in recent years because of their diminutive shape, cost effectiveness and easy installation process. The research for structural identification and force transfer phenomena has recently become an area of interest researchers working...