Sule Toktas

Turkish National Police Academy · Institute of Security Sciences

This paper empirically evaluates the impact of internal migration on empowerment of women in urban areas. Based on data from a nationally representative household survey, we find that migration exerts its positive impact both through improvements in educational attainment and labor market outcomes in urban settings. Migration contributes positively...

The primary purpose of the current study is to capture a holistic picture of immigration and integration of Jewish communities from the Ottoman Empire and Republic of Turkey to the American continent from the 1860s until now, thereby contributing to Jewish immigration studies.

In this article, we emphasize that the impact of new international terror and the subsequent global war on terror has divided the world into two zones, the peace zone and war zone. The peace zone consists of Western countries and accompanying countries that have been primary targets of the war zone, especially in the area of international terrorism...

Bu çalışma son yıllarda ülkemizde gelişme eğilimi gösteren güvenlik çalışmaları alanında güvenliğin ikilemleri üzerinde duran ve bu ikilemleri Afganistan ve Suriye bağlamlarında örneklendirmeye çalışmaya bir gayretin ürünüdür. Güvenliğin alanı, muhatapları, üretimi ve tüketimi ile ilgili yeni bakış açıları devlet eksenli bir güvenlik anlayışından,...

The conventional elements of Turkey’s minority regime are based on the legal framework of the Lausanne Peace Treaty, the state’s political maneuverings and societal attitudes. The EU seriously challenges the conventional treatment of minorities in Turkey. The Commission via its annual progress reports on Turkey, the Council via its summit decisions...

Değişen uluslararası ekonomi-politik ve uluslararası sistemin norm ve değerleri ile örtüşen siyasal sistemler, iç ve dış politikada yeni çözümler üretme açısından Soğuk Savaş Dönemi için örgütlenmiş ulusal güvenlik devleti yapılarını zorlamaktadırlar. Özellikle 11 Eylül sonrası yeniden şekillenen küresel düzen yeni siyasetin öznelerini çeşitlendirm...

Turkey has gained from emigration primarily in economic terms. The remittances that workers sent to their families in Turkey were a major source of foreign exchange that offset economic deficiencies and trade imbalances, especially in the 1970s when an import substitution economic model was in place. Relatives working in Germany brought to their fa...

İkinci Dünya Savaşı’nda yaşanan yıkımlar ve kayıplar neticesinde Avrupa nüfusu demografik değişimlere sahne olmuş; bu durum savaş sonrası Avrupa’nın yeniden yapılandırılması için sanayide çalışacak yerel işçi temininde sıkıntılara yol açmıştır. Batı Avrupa ülkelerinin refah politikaları ile desteklenmesi gereken yaşlılar, dul evkadınları, hastalar,...

In this article, first we deal with the complications encountered during the formation of the state and its political institutions as well as with the narcotics problem. Second, we explore the possibilities of building security and stability in Afghanistan. We hold the view that Afghan security could be provided by establishing state institutions,...

This article employs Turkey as a case study to explore the relationship between property ownership, inheritance, and women's empowerment. In Turkey, as in much of the world, men dominate ownership of property. This is despite the fact that women have had equal rights to own and inherit property since 1926. With the establishment of the Republic in...

The dynamics of contemporary Turkish politics has its roots in several crucial issues in the history of the Republic. Bearing in mind the classic periodization, the author attempts to outline the characteristic features of decisive periods in political history of Turkey, particularly: the problems accompanying the transition from single party semi-...

This article examines the role that think tanks have played in the formulation of national security and a culture of security through field research conducted on fourteen think tanks located in Istanbul and Ankara. In addition to participant observation at the think tanks, twenty-five in-depth interviews were conducted with administrators and speci...

This article uses a comparative approach to discuss women's access to property using evidence collected from field research conducted on two distinct communities of Istanbul: one secular and one Islamic. The two groups of women possess distinctly different views of the world and how it is organized. This is particularly the case concerning gender w...

Araştırmanın metodolojisi beş alt başlıkta özetlenebilmektedir: a) Uluslararası göç, göç, sığınmacı ve mülteciler konusunda çalışma yapan sivil toplum kuruluşlarının ürettiği/yaydığı söylem ve anlatıların derinlemesine mülakatlar ve web sayfası taraması aracılığı ile analiz edilmesi; b) Yazılı basın odağında medyanın ürettiği ve yaydığı söylem ve...

The article questions the use of patriarchy as a term and a concept to understand male dominancy in modernity. It theoretically analyzes the misrepresentation of the category of women. The appropriation of a more active understanding of the roles that women perform is justified in this article.

nationalism and militarism

motherhood

Yakın bir zamana kadar Türkiye yurtdışına göç veren bir ülke olarak bilinirdi. Ancak, 1980’li yıllarla başlayarak ve özellikle 1990 sonrasında uluslararası göç hareketleri içinde Türkiye hem göç alan hem de transit göç için kullanılan bir ülke konumuna gelmiştir. Yılda, 160,000 yabancı ülke vatandaşının oturma izni ile yaşadığı Türkiye’nin uluslara...

5. “Transit and Receiving Countries: Refugee Protection Policies in Belgium, Slovenia, Greece, and Turkey,” Alternatives: Turkish Journal of International Relations, Vol. 5, No. 1&2, pp: 20-50, 2006, (with Aspasia Papadopoulou, Mila Paspalanova and Natalija Vrecer).

women military officers

“Türk Vatandaşlığının Gayri-Müslim Yorumları: Vatandaşlık Kurgusu ve Türkiye’deki Yahudi Azınlık (The Non-Muslim Interpretations of Turkish Citizenship: The Construction of Citizenship and Turkey’s Jewish Minority).” In Gönül Pultar and Tahire Erman, eds., Türk(iye) Kültürleri (Cultures in Turkey). Ankara: Tetragon, pp: 125-143, 2005.

This article addresses the international movement of asylum seekers and refugees, particularly Syrian immigrants, and their impact on populism in Turkish politics between the years of 2011 and 2018. The article argues that populist politics/rhetoric directed against Syrians in Turkey remained limited during this period, especially from a comparativ...

This study investigates the migration of the Jews from the Ottoman Empire from the 1860s onward and from modern Turkey to the American continent. It provides a picture of the process of Jewish migration to and Jewish integration in the destination countries in the continent. Country-by-country analyses of the integration processes and the profile o...

The Sarp land border gate between Turkey and Georgia has become Turkey’s gateway to the East in recent years. With a large number of individuals crossing every day, it is also a labor gate, where irregular Georgian immigrants cross the border for work in Turkey. In general, border policies are constructed and reconstructed in a dynamic process in w...

This article uses a comparative approach to discuss women's access to property using evidence collected from field research conducted on two distinct communities of Istanbul: one secular and one Islamic. The two groups of women possess distinctly different views of the world and how it is organized. This is particularly the case concerning gender w...

While hosting nearly three million Syrian refugees, Turkey feels that its generous refugee policy has been undervalued by the international community, and particularly by its European counterparts. In fact, this feeling has prevailed since the outbreak of the refugee flows from Syria in 2011. But it had peaked in the summer of 2015 at a time when t...

https://www.clingendael.nl/publication/after-eu-turkey-refugee-deal-perspective-turkey

Turkey maintains one of the lowest female labour force participation rates in Europe, but also boasts an above average number of female professors. Turkey is well above the European average (15%) with approximately 28% of full professorships being occupied by women. Despite these seemingly positive indications, do men and women in Turkish academia...

This paper gives a general picture of women’s shelters in Turkey with its history and current state, based on findings from a field work consisting of 40 in-depth interviews with administrators and staff of women’s shelters and counseling centers. Thirteen of the interviewees are from NGOs that specialize in combating violence against women, sixtee...

The study finds that municipality and NGO-run women’s shelters in Turkey need to rely on their own administrative and financial resources in order to provide services for women and children such as daycare centers, adult education or legal aid.

The article stems from empirical research conducted with a group of women living in Istanbul who have conservative life styles. We examine the lived practice of inheritance among financially well-off Islamic women in Istanbul. Our research seeks to understand the ways these women strategize within the constraints of Islam and civil law. The find...

Kadınların Mülk ve Miras Edinmesi: Kemalist Aydınlanma ve İslami Sosyolojik Süreçler (Women’s Property and Inheritance Acquisition: The Kemalist Enlightenment and the Islamic Sociological Processes), ISBN: 978-605-9022-01-9, available at http://www.librakitap.com.tr/content/view/428/219/, Istanbul: Libra Publications, 2014, (with Mary Lou O’Neil).

This article takes Turkey as a case study, exploring marital and inheritance regimes with regards to their impact on women and their ability to protect women's property rights. The aim of the study is to bring to light the workings of the legal system that regulate the acquisition of property and to scrutinize the gap between the law and its practi...

Two institutional factors are particularly influential in shaping women’s asset accumulation - marital and inheritance property regimes.

Bu makale, Türkiye’de kadın sığınma evlerinin tarihi ve bugünkü yasal ve fiili durumu hakkında bilgi verirken, bu süreçleri belirleyen unsurlar üzerine gözlemlerimizi aktaracaktır. Kadın sığınma evleri açan ve işletenlerin karşılaştıkları sorunlar üzerine yoğunlaşırken, bu kurumların sayısal ve nitel yetersizliği ve söz konusu yetersizliğin ve diğe...

This article employs Turkey as a case study to explore the relationship between property ownership, inheritance, and women's empowerment. In Turkey, as in much of the world, men dominate ownership of property. This is despite the fact that women have had equal rights to own and inherit property since 1926. With the establishment of the Republic in...

Despite a long history of women’s movements and policy-making efforts to ameliorate women’s status in Turkey, the number and quality of women’s shelters are far from sufficient. This paper aims to reveal the shortcomings of shelter policy through the lens of those ‘at work’ on this important social issue using a qualitative research design. Forty s...

This article examines the role that think tanks have played in the formulation of national security and a culture of security through field research conducted on fourteen think tanks located in Istanbul and Ankara. In addition to participant observation at the think tanks, twenty-five in-depth interviews were conducted with administrators and speci...

Since the 1990s, there has been a global proliferation of transnational organized crime (TOC). Turkey, as a transit site between the East and the West has been one of the routes through which organized crime groups transport illicit goods in collaboration with other networks of crime. This article investigates TOC in Turkey and maps out Turkey's ro...

Gender has been a dimension of wage gap in various sectors. Women not only face difficulties when entering the job market but drop-out rates for women are higher than their male counterparts due to the social roles prescribed for them such which prioritizes domesticity, child rearing and family reproduction over career. What’s more, even if they do...

This article examines the role that think tanks have played in the formulation of national security and a culture of security through field research conducted on fourteen think tanks located in Istanbul and Ankara. In addition to participant observation at the think tanks, twenty-five in-depth interviews were conducted with administrators and speci...

Since the 1990s, there has been a global proliferation of transnational organized crime (TOC). Turkey, as a transit site between the East and the West has been one of the routes through which organized crime groups transport illicit goods in collaboration with other networks of crime. This article investigates TOC in Turkey and maps out Turkey's ro...

The Justice and Development Party (JDP), since coming to power in 2002, has launched several reform programmes which in the previous decades were considered the red lines or bottle necks in Turkish politics. The JDP is the party that has made wide range of reforms necessary for the EU membership. This caused a complexity for students of political s...

This article aims to describe the achievements of the women's movement in the struggle against domestic violence in Turkey and the points of contention between the state and feminists regarding this issue. Our goal in analyzing the Turkish case of violence against women is to reflect on how women's organizations work with the state; what they deman...

This paper aims to describe the political issues surrounding the establishment and running of women’s shelters in Turkey. More specifically, we will look at the achievements of the women’s movement in this struggle as well as the points of contention between the state and feminists. Our theoretical goal in analyzing the case of struggle against vio...

This article tackles with the question of Europeanization in Turkey’s civil-military relations and the extent and content of democratization that the EU as a factor or an anchor serves in the civilian control over the Turkish Armed Forces. We argue that: the EU membership process has necessitated democratization in civil-military relations; this ex...

This paper has two goals. One of them is to discuss how women’s movement in Turkey has evolved as a political movement after the 1980s whose founding epistemes were challenged and questioned by rising Kurdish nationalism and Islamism. Hence, we can talk of a Kurdish feminism and Islamist feminism within the spectrum of women’s movement in Turkey. T...

The issue incorporates seven articles on Turkish foreign policy and domestic politics. Although, it is no longer realistic nor politically correct to make a division between local and global politics at the age of globalization, we decided to give a brief picture of the happenings occurring at the national and international levels all of which some...

Sule Toktas and Bulent Aras describe the development of minority rights in Turkey in light of the European Union accession process. They conclude that Turkey initiated several reforms that were necessary for EU membership but failed to alter its established “minority regime,” which recognizes as minorities the non-Muslim Armenian, Jewish and Greek...

The article deals with this task in four parts. The first part of the paper provides background information on the Jewish minority in Turkey and Turkish-Jewish immigrants in Israel. It gives brief historical information about these two communities and presents their contemporary socio-cultural outlook. The second part of the paper spotlights the em...

In this article, first we deal with the complications encountered during the formation of the state and its political institutions as well as with the narcotics problem. Second, we explore the possibilities of building security and stability in Afghanistan. We hold the view that Afghan security could be provided by establishing state institutions,...

Within the politics of nationalism and nation-building, the emigration of ethnic and religious minorities, whether voluntary or involuntary, appears to be a commonly occurring practice. After the collapse of the Ottoman Empire in the early twentieth century, modern Turkey still carried the legacy of a multi-ethnic, multi-religious diversity in whic...

In this article, the development of bioethics in one of the most scientifi-cally developed regions of the world -Europe-is discussed with reference to the enactments in the Council of Europe and the European Union. An international effort for the creation of ethical and methodological regulations in the medical arena has started in Europe. These ef...

Turkey’s Roma are one of the major minority groups in the country without the status of an officially recognized minority. Around one million Roma are estimated to live in Turkey with distinct cultural characteristics, primarily of language. They also compose one of the constituents of the lower class in Turkey who face problems of lower levels of...

2. “Turkey’s Roma: Political Participation and Organization,” Middle Eastern Studies, Vol. 43, No. 5, pp: 761-777, 2007, (with Suat Kolukırık). (SSCI)

This study has taken the task of understanding the Roma community with its level of political participation and organisation. In light of field research conducted in Tarlabaşı, a neighbourhood in the Bornova district of Izmir mostly populated by the Roma, the questions of how the Roma develop identity, organise collectively, get access to public se...

The new wave of international terrorism gained strength in the aftermath of the 9/11 attacks, threatening not only the USA and its allies but also, as seen in the latest incidents, a significant part of the world. Continuing al-Qaida attacks signify the vulnerability and weakness of defence, security and intelligence systems in the face of the new...

Having moved from Turkey to Israel, Turkish Jewish immigrants portray a distinct immigrant community in today’s Israel. The migration experience to Israel influenced the Turkish Jews’ perception of citizenship. This article is about Turkish Jewish immigrants living in Israel and tackles with the interface between international migration and citizen...

In this article, we emphasize that the impact of new international terror and the subsequent global war on terror has divided the world into two zones, the peace zone and war zone. The peace zone consists of Western countries and accompanying countries that have been primary targets of the war zone, especially in the area of international terrorism...

Within the politics of nationalism and nation-building, the emigration of ethnic and religious minorities, whether voluntary or involuntary, appears to be a commonly occurring practice. After the collapse of the Ottoman Empire in the early twentieth century, modern Turkey still carried the legacy of a multi-ethnic, multi-religious diversity in whic...

Celal Bayar, a prominent figure in Turkish politics who had hold various offices and positions last one being Republic Presidency, contributed to the Turkish nation-building process and took part in its various proceedings and institutions. This article discusses the views of Celal Bayar on nationalism, more specifically on Turkish nationalism. The...

Jewish immigration from Turkey to Israel is an example of the citizen immigration type, but in contrast to some other Israeli immigrant groups, i.e. the Yemenites, it is also an example of voluntary immigration, as this was neither part of a population exchange nor a refugee flight provoked by the Holocaust or anti-Semitism. Jews in Turkey experien...

RWHR_A_193786.sgm 10.1080/09612020600938707 Women's History Review 0961-2025 (print)/1747-583X (online) Original Article 2006 Taylor & Francis 15 5 000000November 2006 SuleToktas suletoktas@yahoo.com This article is a historical analysis of Girls' Institutes in Turkey. These schools were estab-lished in the early Republican era in order to educate...

This article is a historical analysis of Girls’ Institutes in Turkey. These schools were established in the early Republican era in order to educate girl students to gender roles compatible with modernization and with the westernization project of the Turkish state. The analysis is based upon qualitative data (including interviews and focus groups)...

It is commonly believed that there is little or no anti‐Semitism in Turkey. For this reason, the Turkish Jewish community is considered to be fortunate. The 1942 Capital Tax, the September 6–7 Events in 1955, and even the Thrace Incidents of 1934, in which the Jews were the main targets of violence, are considered to be examples of discrimination a...

This article aims to review the EU’s urge on Turkey to fulfil the Copenhagen criteria, hence the condition of ‘respect for and protection of minorities’ in the case of non-Muslim minorities. In light of the documents released by the EU institutions - such as the Commission regular reports, the Council decisions and the Accession Partnership with Tu...

The article utilizes the results of an empirical research conducted in Israel and Turkey with the sample group drawn from the members of the Jewish community who were born and currently living in Turkey and the members of the first generation of Jewish immigrants who were born in Turkey but moved to Israel at some point in their lives and were curr...

In this article, the results of a qualitative research on a particular group of citizens- Turkish citizens with Jewish background – are discussed in the light of the parameters set above. The study provides empirical evidence to illuminates the dynamics at stake in the relationship between legal status, identity and civic virtue aspects in the spec...

Abstract  Citizenship in Turkey is one of the major instruments of nation-building. The legal framework that Turkish citizenship rests on is universal and equal. The non-Muslim minorities – the Armenians, the Greeks and the Jews – however are granted special group rights in the 1923 Treaty of Lausanne. Despite the protection of minorities and their...

This article investigates relationship between nationalism and modernization in the special case of women officers in Turkey. It discusses the historical importance of the Turkish Military with its three roles in the Turkish context: the modernizer, the national identity constructer and the protector of secular Kemalist ideology. These roles also s...

qualitative research comparative research

In parallel to the strong state tradition in the Turco-Ottoman context, the modernization process had two basic characteristics. First, modernization meant westernization and all the reforms implied the adaptation of western culture, science, technology, bureaucratic rationality, education, law and etc. Second, the modernization process was pursued...

This article summarizes main trends, issues, actors, and activities regarding the operation and extension of human trafficking and smuggling via irregular border crossings in the Middle East. Its premise is that rather than the obvious involvement of hierarchical mafia-type organized crime groups, globally articulated networks of locally operating...

In this article, the results of a qualitative study on gender awareness of Turkish women mirrored through regrets in the course of life are discussed. The study composed of life history interviews and focus groups interviews with Turkish women, who were 1960–1970 graduates of various Girls' Institutes and working as schoolteachers and academics sho...

This article deals with the empowerment and resistance strategies used by working women in Turkey. In order to explore the ways in which gender ideologies are produced and resisted, a very specific group of women were studied using life history and focus group interviews. The interviews were conducted with women who had graduated between 1960 and 1...

This article deals with the empowerment and resistance strategies used by working women in Turkey. In order to explore the ways in which gender ideologies are produced and resisted, a very specific group of women were studied using life history and focus roup interviews. The interviews were conducted with women who hag graduated between 1960 and 19...

Bu çalışmada Türk siyasal hayatı ve demokrasi tarihinin 1965-1969 yıllarına ışık tutulacak ve aynı yıllara tekabül eden XIII. Yasama Dönemi ve Meclis faaliyetleri incelenecektir.