Sue Archbold

The additional cost of not addressing hearing loss across Europe and the potential cost savings if action is taken.

Explores the latest evidence for the association between cognitive decline, dementia and hearing loss. Make recommendations about taking early action to address hearing loss and healthy ageing. Examines the cost effectiveness of commissioners supporting early intervention on hearing loss to ameliorate the effects of cognitive decline and dementia.

Presenting the case for early intervention and investment to address the costs of hearing loss.

Report on the Economic and Social Cost of deafness and hearing loss.

Examining the costs of hearing loss in Europe and a strategy for reducing these through early intervention.

The first few years of a child’s life are a time of rapid and important development. During this time the foundations for communication are laid and for all children, language and interaction with their parents is critical to success. Hearing is essential for learning spoken language and the earlier a child can hear speech, the better their opportu...

This study explored the experiences and views of audiologists working in hearing aid audiology clinics on bimodal hearing with a cochlear implant and hearing aid via an on-line questionnaire, and the views of adults with a unilateral cochlear implant by semi-structured interview. Forty audiologists responded and eight adults were interviewed.  All...

A survey was conducted to explore the views and experiences of cochlear implanted adults who use a hearing aid on the contra lateral side (bimodal hearing) and those who do not. 72 responses were received in total for the survey.  Responses were from a wide range of respondents across age (45-65 years), number of years after implantation (0.5-28 y...

This study explored the views and experiences of young adults with hearing loss between 18-25 years of age on technology and communication support. Technology support involved assistive listening devices (ALDs), such as remote microphones and streamers, and professional support, such as an (educational) audiologist. Communication support involved p...

Makes the case for the introduction of Adult Hearing Screening in the UK

Education opportunities for deaf children have changed considerably since the introduction of early diagnosis through newborn hearing screening and the developing technologies, such as implantable devices and digital hearing aids. This study sought the views of parents of deaf children across Europe to describe the educational services their child...

This study aims to explore and identify hearing and quality of life outcomes from teenagers with hearing impairment using wireless assistive technology with their bone conducting hearing implant.

This study explored the views of 45 teenagers with aids and implants on their thoughts on wireless technology.  They were aged between 10 and 25 years with a mean of 14.9 years.  Nine respondents wore bilateral hearing aids, four wore unilateral hearing aids, nineteen wore bilateral cochlear implants and thirteen wore unilateral implants.  The m...

This study explored the views and experiences of adults with hearing loss who experience tinnitus, comparing the experiences of those with mild/moderate hearing loss and those with severe/profound hearing loss. An online questionnaire was used and interviews carried out to explore their experience of tinnitus, its impact and management. Responses w...

This research explored the experiences and views on children and young people with mild or moderate hearing loss from the viewpoints of parents and teachers using online questionnaires with open and closed questions, and interviews. 614 parents of children and young people with mild or moderate hearing loss responded to the survey. The children and...

Frequency modulation (FM) and remote microphone (RM) technology is a well recognized way to improve speech perception in adverse listening environments. FM systems are known to improve speech understanding in noisy situations (Lewis et al, 2004; Jerger et al, 1996) and its advantages in deaf children (King 2010), infants (Thibodeau, 2008) with coch...

Objective: The objective of this study was to explore, by interview, the experiences of adults who have undergone assessment for cochlear implantation and were considered unsuitable. Methods: Ten adult participants were interviewed. Interviews were transcribed and thematic content analysis was carried out to analyse them. Six main themes and 16...

Objective: Audiologists routinely observe patients struggle with psycho-emotional difficulties associated with hearing loss, yet are often underprepared to manage this vital aspect of patient care. For this reason, a workshop was developed for audiologists interested in expanding their counselling skills. Since one-time workshops typically do not...

This study qualitatively explores the views and experiences of families on obtaining and using a bone-anchored hearing aid (BAHA) device. A semi-structured interview format was used to collect responses from 10 families from different geographical regions of the UK. Findings indicate how the use of BAHA was valued by families. Although participants...

In October 2009, a multi-disciplinary group of UK clinicians met to review issues relating to bone-anchored hearing-aid (BAHA) development. The aim was to help define a model for BAHA services and service development via a process of widespread consultation with UK BAHA professionals. A modified Delphi technique was used. Statements were proposed b...

Cochlear implants have now become a routine intervention for profoundly deaf children in many countries, providing useful hearing and changing the educational options and communication choices for many. With increasing newborn hearing screening and the introduction of technology earlier than ever into family life, the experiences of families with d...

Fifteen young people who had received sequential bilateral cochlear implants were interviewed about their experiences. The majority had become full-time users, and all found improvements in listening with the second implant, including those who did not continue to wear it. All would recommend sequential bilateral implantation to their peers. For th...

Objective Cochlear implants for children are known to have impact on the lives of recipients and their families in a variety of ways. To obtain a clearer picture of these benefits, we explored the quality of life of 36 Finnish children and their families 2–3 years after unilateral cochlear implantation. Methods The studied children were, on average...

Cochlear implantation provides useful hearing for those too deaf to benefit from conventional hearing aids. About 370 such children are born each year in the England, and another 100 each year become deaf early in life and need an implant. Over the past 20 years, cochlear implantation has now become standard management for severe to profoundly deaf...

Cochlear implants for children are known to have impact on the lives of recipients and their families in a variety of ways. To obtain a clearer picture of these benefits, we explored the quality of life of 36 Finnish children and their families 2-3 years after unilateral cochlear implantation. The studied children were, on average 5 years old, and...

The educational settings of 42 implanted profoundly deaf children 3 years after implantation were compared with the respective settings of 635 age-matched severely deaf and 511 profoundly deaf children with hearing aids. All implanted children received their implants before beginning school. The results revealed that 3 years after implantation, 38%...

The aim of the present paper was to assess children's long-term use of their cochlear implant systems and to explore factors influencing the extent of daily use. The parents of 138 deaf children who had been implanted for seven years completed an annual questionnaire about the extent of their child's use of their implant system. The results reveale...

Cochlear implantation is now a well-established procedure for profoundly deaf children providing access to speech through hearing for many of them. Much attention has focused on which communication mode to adopt with this group of children but very little work has looked at the choices that parents make before and after cochlear implantation. This...

Objective: To assess the long-term speech intelligibility in implanted children with additional disorders and compare them with age-equivalent implanted children without such disorders. Patients: 175 profoundly deaf children 5 years following cochlear implantation; 67 children with additional difficulties and 108 children without such difficulti...

The reading skills of deaf children have typically been delayed and this delay has been found to increase with age. This study explored the reading ability of a large group of children who had received cochlear implants 7 years earlier and investigated the relationship between reading ability and age at implantation. The reading ages of 105 childre...

While cochlear implantation is an increasingly routine provision for profoundly deaf children in many countries, parents still require information about the procedure and likely outcomes in order to make an informed decision. Other parents can provide them with the insights of those who have undergone the process themselves and observed outcomes at...

We sent questionnaires to families of all 288 children who had received cochlear implants at one center in the United Kingdom at least 5 years previously. Thus, it was a large, unselected group. We received 142 replies and 119 indicated that the child and family had changed their communication approach following cochlear implantation. In 113 cases...

Cochlear implantation for children is now a mature service, recognized as being safe and effective. Early identification is enabling implantation to be undertaken in the first years of life, with the likelihood of better outcomes. Traditional models of service delivery provided excellent clinic-based services, with intensive early habilitation. How...

Evaluation of the well-known and widely used Parental Perspectives questionnaire (PP) by means of statistical analysis and exploring the possibility to develop a short version, as the instrument is often regarded as being rather lengthy with 74 questions. One hundred and thirty parents of children participated in this study. To assess internal cons...

Cochlear implantation is a relatively new procedure, which has already had significant impact on the lives of many profoundly deaf children and adults, in providing useful hearing to those unable to benefit significantly from hearing aids. After 16 years of cochlear implantation in the United Kingdom, there is now a body of evidence covering a rang...

Cochlear implantation provides a means of hearing to profoundly deaf children. As it is an elective procedure, parents must make the decision to proceed with this option if their child is suitable. The processes involved are complex and stressful, involving hope and expectation on the one hand, and doubts and caution on the other. This study explor...

The objective of this study was to evaluate long-term speech perception abilities of comparable groups of postmeningitic and congenitally deaf children after cochlear implantation. This prospective longitudinal study comprised 46 postmeningitic deaf children and 83 congenitally deaf children with age at implantation of < or = 5.6 years. Both groups...

One hundred and seventy six children who had received cochlear implants at one centre in the UK were followed up for five years post-implant. The cohort was divided into three groups by age at implant. 1: Under three years of age; 2: Between three and five; 3: Over five. Their mode of communication was noted at four key intervals - pre-implant; 1,...

To assess a group of consecutively implanted children over 10 years after implantation with regard to implant device use and function, speech perception, and speech intelligibility outcomes; and to document current academic or occupational status. A prospective longitudinal study assessing device function, device use, speech perception, speech inte...

The objectives of this study are to estimate time and out-of-pocket costs incurred by families attending a pediatric cochlear implant programme. In addition, qualitative data examine the intangible costs faced by families. Data was collected during semi-structured face-to-face interviews with parents of children with a cochlear implant attending a...

Very few assessment measures exist for evaluating progress in young deaf children with hearing aids and cochlear implants. To introduce and describe an early assessment package that covers auditory perception, communication/language development, and speech production in very young deaf children. Seven of the assessment measures (Listening Progress...

This book reviews published research concerning outcomes for deaf children with cochlear implants. The publications selected for review meet certain criteria - they were all published in English, they were published since 1994, and the number of children included in each study was at least 12. A thorough literature search was carried out yielding a...

To assess the development of grammar comprehension in spoken language in prelingually deaf children following cochlear implantation and compare their grammatical abilities with those of their hearing peers. A prospective study of 82 consecutive prelingually deaf children up to 5 years following implantation. The children were less than 7 years old...

To test the reliability of a validated closed-format questionnaire assessing parental views following cochlear implantation of their child. Parents were surveyed using a closed-format questionnaire developed in earlier work. The same parents were surveyed 1 month later and responses compared. Test-retest reliability was thereby assessed. Tertiary r...

This paper traces the innovative development of the Nottingham Cochlear Implant Programmes. The paediatric programme was the first to be established in the UK in 1989 and remains the largest programme in the UK today, whilst the adult programme developed later, in 1994. The first section of the paper describes trends in service development whilst t...

This paper presents the results of the first willingness-to-pay (WTP) study to be undertaken on cochlear implantation. It aims to measure the values parents place on the UK having a pediatric cochlear implantation (PCI) programme. Face-to-face semi-structured interviews were conducted with parents of children from the Nottingham Pediatric Cochlear...

To examine the cost-effectiveness of pediatric cochlear implantation over time. A prospective study based on ninety-eight children implanted between 1989 and 1996 at Nottingham's Paediatric Cochlear Implantation Programme, UK. The influence of outcomes and other variables on total costs was examined using multivariate regression analysis. Having co...

The educational settings of 42 implanted profoundly deaf children 3 years after implantation were compared with the respective settings of 635 age-matched severely deaf and 511 profoundly deaf children with hearing aids. All implanted children received their implants before beginning school. The results revealed that 3 years after implantation. 38%...

When a syllable such as "sea" or "she" is spoken, listeners with normal hearing extract evidence of the fricative consonant from both the fricative noise and the following vocalic segment. If the fricative noise is made ambiguous, listeners may still perceive "s" or "sh" categorically, depending on information in the vocalic segment. Do children wh...

The protracted and multidisciplinary nature of paediatric cochlear implantation presents particular challenges in addressing issues of clinical governance. The implantation process is one that involves many disciplines in acute and community settings over several years. Reviews the difficulties presented by a protracted, multidisciplinary intervent...

To investigate variations in gains in auditory performance in children with cochlear implants. The auditory performance of 98 children was measured with the Category of Auditory Performance survey instrument. All data were collected prospectively. Variables used to explain gain in Category of Auditory Performance were age at implantation, sex, the...

Parents of 30 consecutively implanted children who were born deaf or deafened under the age of three years completed an open-format schedule under 17 headings used as prompts. Their responses took the form of free text scripts of unrestricted length, completed three years after implantation. Rigorous content analysis of the scripts using illuminati...

Three groups of children undertook an interactive computer-based closed-set test of the ability to identify pre-recorded spoken words presented acoustically. The test was completed by 31/39 children with profound hearing loss who had used the Nucleus Spectra-22 cochlear-implant system for at least one year (Group A); by 30 children with normal hear...

To analyze parental views on cochlear implantation, before and in the years following implantation, to determine whether the results from the intervention met their expectations. Prospective longitudinal study to assess parental perspectives of an unselected group of children with cochlear implantation. Tertiary referral pediatric cochlear implant...

To demonstrate the existence of variations in cost-utility associated with indirect costs in paediatric cochlear implantation; to illustrate the implications of this for purchasing decisions and; to posit a potential solution to anomalies in purchasing that may otherwise result when services are publicly funded. Data was taken from published source...

Objective To analyze parental views on cochlear implantation, before and in the years following implantation, to determine whether the results from the intervention met their expectations. Design Prospective longitudinal study to assess parental perspectives of an unselected group of children with cochlear implantation. Setting Tertiary referral pe...

To assess progress in the use of the telephone in a group of prelingually deaf children after cochlear implantation. Tertiary referral pediatric cochlear implant center in the U. K. A prospective study was undertaken on a consecutive group of 150 congenital and prelingually deaf children up to 5 years after implantation. The study group was confine...

Listening Progress Profile (LIP) is a profile devised to monitor changes in the early auditory performance of young implanted children. The profile covers a range of abilities from first response to environmental sounds, through discrimination of environmental sounds and discrimination of voice, to identification of own names. This study, prospecti...

Cochlear implants provide access to the speech signal in those profoundly deaf children who derive no material benefit from acoustic hearing aids. Speech perception after implantation can vary widely--we have analysed the contribution of several factors. We examined 40 children with mean age at implantation of 52 months who were either born deaf or...

The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between approach to communication, speech perception and speech intelligibility after cochlear implantation of young children with profound early deafness. A prospective speech perception and speech intelligibility assessment was undertaken on a consecutive group of implanted children. There wer...

Objective/hypothesis: The aim of this study was to explore the cost-utility of pediatric cochlear implantation, incorporating savings associated with education into the analysis. Methods: The costs of pediatric cochlear implantation were based on the full costs levied to purchasers, inclusive of complications and maintenance, by a large pediatri...

Table of Contents 1. Basic Science: Cellular changes in the Auditory CNS following Cochlear Dysfunction 2. Regeneration-Repair and Protection in the Inner Ear: Implications for Cochlear Implantation 3. Long Term Effects of Deafness and Chronic Electrical Stimulation of the Cochlea 4. New Directions in Implant Design 5. Section Criteria and Evalua...

To determine the relationship between measures of speech perception and speech production after cochlear implantation of young children with profound congenital and prelingual deafness. A prospective study was undertaken on a consecutive group of children with profound deafness. There were 126 children at the preimplantation interval and 71, 50, 26...

The time course for the development of auditory perception in prelingually deaf children following cochlear implantation may extend over many years, thus making long-term studies necessary to evaluate any such outcome. However, few such studies exist in the literature. We prospectively followed-up a consecutive group of 133 prelingually deaf childr...

To assess the influence of age at implantation on speech perception and speech intelligibility following pediatric cochlear implantation. A prospective study was undertaken on a consecutive group of 126 congenital and prelingually deaf children up to 4 years after implantation. The study group was confined to prelingually deaf children less than 7...

This study aimed to determine the speech perception ability of congenitally and prelingually deaf children after cochlear implantation. A prospective study was undertaken on a consecutive group of 119 congenitally and prelingually deaf children up to 5 years after implantation. The study group was confined to children between 2 and 7 years of age a...

This study examined the educational placements, before cochlear implantation, of 121 deaf children, and the educational placements, two years after implantation, of the 48 children who had reached that stage, looking at the influence of age at implantation and duration of deafness on the placement of these children. In addition, it compared the edu...

This study aimed to determine whether children continue to wear their cochlear implant systems 1 and 3 years after implantation. The design was a prospective study based on the analysis of forced-choice questionnaires on implant use completed independently by parents and teachers. The study was performed at a dedicated pediatric cochlear implant pr...

Categories of Auditory Performance (CAP) describes a scale used to rate outcomes from paediatric cochlear implantation in everyday life. It differs from more technical measures by being readily applied and easily understood by non-specialist professionals and by parents. Being based on subjective assessments, there is a need to establish whether ra...

The aim of this study is to determine the auditory performance of congenitally deaf children following cochlear implantation. A prospective study is undertaken of 71 such children who have been implanted in a dedicated paediatric cochlear implant centre and who have been followed up to 3 years following implantation. All children are aged less than...

To assess the educational implications of pediatric cochlear implantation from the perspective of the implant team. Coordinators of pediatric cochlear implant teams throughout Europe took part in a survey using forced-choice questions. Fifty-four centers were originally sent the questionnaire; 41 centers replied. Of 504 children planned to receive...

A total of 119 children were implanted with the Nucleus 22 implant on the Nottingham program by March 1996. Twenty-five (i.e. 21%) of these had an electrophysiologically confirmed fault on at least 1 channel and 6 (i.e. 5%) had experienced total device failure. How these problems were first manifested and what the subsequent effects were on the chi...

To test the view that prelinguistic postmeningitic deaf (PMD) children outperform congenitally deaf children (CD) in the first year following cochlear implantation. We evaluated 85 children with ages (at implantation) ranging from 1.9 years to 13.5 years (mean age 5.4 years). The Listening Progress scale was used to assess the developing use of aud...

To summarizes the results of cost-utility analyses of pediatric cochlear implantation (CI) in the United Kingdom. Analysis is based on the direct costs of medical and rehabilitative management and also on emerging evidence that implantation leads to a shift in educational placements in favor of mainstreaming with support. The resulting cost-utility...

Objective: To test the view that prelinguistic postmeningitic deaf (PMD) children outperform congenitally deaf children (CD) in the first year following cochlear implantation. Study Design and Patients: We evaluated 85 children with ages (at implantation) ranging from 1.9 years to 13.5 years (mean age 5.4 years). The Listening Progress scale was us...

Categories of Auditory Performance (CAP) is an index consisting of eight performance categories arranged in order of increasing difficulty. It has been used to categorize 53 children who had been deafened below the age of 3. The children were assessed by means of the CAP before implantation, and over the following 3 years. Before implantation, only...

In November 1987, a post-lingually deafened eight-year old became the first child to receive a cochlear implant in Britain. The case aroused considerable controversy and the following paper examines the decision to implant the child, the difficulties experienced and the favourable outcome of the procedure to date.