Sudhakar Pemminati

California Health Sciences University · Department of Pharmacology

Compartment syndrome (CS) can be defined as an acutely painful condition that occurs due to increased pressure within a compartment, resulting in reduced blood flow and oxygen to nerves and muscles within the limb. It is considered a surgical emergency, and a delayed diagnosis may result in ischemia and eventual necrosis of the limb. The majority o...

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative condition and a form of dementia encountered in medical practice. Despite many proposed and attempted treatments, this disease remains a major puzzle in the public health systems worldwide. The initial part of this article provides an overview and illustration of the primary mechanisms r...

Mental health disorders are among the top leading causes of disease burden worldwide and many patients have high levels of treatment resistance. Even though medications offer improvement to some patients, antidepressants are only effective in about half of those treated, and schizophrenia is treatment-refractory in about one-third of patients. One...

This comprehensive literature review addresses the scarcity and limited study of hypotension treatments compared to abundant antihypertensive drugs. Hypotension, categorized as absolute, relative, or orthostatic, has diverse causes. This review explores various treatments, including drugs affecting the sympathetic nervous system, such as midodrine,...

With the growing burden of metabolic disease, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes mellitus, there is an implication for new pharmacological intervention. Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) are a class of drugs that work on SGLT2 receptors in the kidneys to decrease glucose reabsorption. Lowering glucose levels mainly aids those wit...

Glioblastoma (GB), an aggressive primary tumor of the central nervous system, represents about 60% of all adult primary brain tumors. It is notorious for its extremely low (~5%) 5-year survival rate which signals the unsatisfactory results of the standard protocol for GB therapy. This issue has become, over time, the impetus for the discipline of b...

Objectives: Attentional and memory functions are important aspects of neural plasticity that, theoretically, should be amenable to pharmacopuncture treatments. A previous study from our laboratory suggested that quantitative electroencephalographic (qEEG) measurements of theta/beta ratio (TBR), an index of attentional control, may be indicative of...

Introduction: Electroencephalographically-measured frontal alpha asymmetry is shown to reflect changes in mood. Negative mood changes are purported to limit exercise capacity in some groups, thereby contributing to the current epidemic of overweight, obesity and related diseases. Aim: This study tests the hypothesis that the mood changes associated...

ABStRACt Introduction: A relatively specifi quantitative Electroencephalogram (qEEG) signature is shown to be indicative of working memory defiits in low performing high school students. Previous studies have shown that Theta/Beta (T/B) ratio measured by qEEG is an indicator of poor Attention Control (AC) and that high T/B ratio may be diagnostic o...

OBJECTIVE Despite the guideline-directed therapy, complete absence of nausea was noted only in 33% of breast cancer patients on anthracycline-cyclophosphamide regimen. Hence, we sought to compare the efficacy of aprepitant (APT) versus olanzapine (OLP) in preventing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) in breast cancer patients on doxoru...

Background: Prescribing multiple medications to a patient increases the complexity of the treatment regimen and, thereby, the chances of noncompliance and adverse effects. The phase of discharge from the hospital is a critical period wherein the patient and/or the caretakers have to assume the responsibility of taking/providing the medications as d...

Vitamin B12 deficiency is a common nutritional disorder characterized by hematological and neurological manifestations. Cyanocobalamin (CNCbl) or hydroxocobalamin (OHCbl) have been the traditional B12 formulations recommended for deficiency states. Methylcobalamin (MeCbl), an active form of Vitamin B12, has been increasingly dominating the nutritio...

Objectives Exercise with partially restricted blood flow is a low-load, low-intensity resistance training regimen which may have the potential to increase muscle strength in the obese, elderly and frail who are unable to do high-load training. Restricted blood flow exercise has also been shown to affect blood vessel function variably and can, there...

Introduction: An aerobic exercise (Ex) augments neurogenesis and may ameliorate learning and memory deficits in the rat Kainic Acid (KA) model of temporal lobe epilepsy in the short-term but whether it reverses learning and memory deficits after a substantial period of delay remains unclear. Aim: This study tests the hypothesis that aerobic Ex a...

Pharmacopuncture treatments are proposed for cardiovascular disease and heart failure [1]. Heart failure results from complex environment-gene interactions. β-adrenergic receptors and protein kinase A (PKA) interact with histones and related segments of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) at promoter regions of genes for messenger ribo nucleic acid (mRNA)...

Objectives: Acupuncture treatments are safe and effective for a wide variety of diseases involving autonomic dysregulation. Heart rate variability (HRV) is a noninvasive method for assessing sympathovagal balance. The low frequency/high frequency (LF/HF) spectral power ratio is an index of sympathovagal influence on heart rate and of cardiovascular...

Patients with umbilical disorders who present with complaints of a mass, pain, tenderness or discharge will typically have a differential diagnosis including umbilical hernias, pyogenic granuloma, endometriosis, Sister Mary Joseph nodule and urachal or epidermoid cysts. We would add the inclusion of pilonidal sinus disease and present the case of a...

Introduction: Obesity and cardiovascular disease are inextricably linked and the health community’s response to the current epidemic of adolescent obesity may be improved by the ability to target adolescents at highest risk for developing cardiovascular disease in the future. Overweight manifests early as autonomic dysregulation and current methods...

Introduction: Beetroot Juice (BJ) contains dietary nitrates that increase the blood Nitric Oxide (NO) level, decrease Blood Pressure (BP), increase athletic performance and improve cognitive functions but the mechanism remains unclear. Ultrasonographic measurement of middle cerebral artery blood flow velocity with computation of Cerebral Augmentati...

Background: Hypertensive individuals are known to exhibit greater increases in blood pressure during an isometric handgrip exercise (IHE) than their normotensive counterparts. Aim: This study tests the hypothesis that, compared to normotensive individuals, prehypertensive individuals exhibit an exaggerated response to IHE. Materials and methods...

Immunology plays a very important role in homeostasis but it possesses two edge sword actions. Either decrease or increase can cause systemic diseases which will manifest in the oral cavity. Immunomodulatory drugs are the agents which modulate the body immunity according to the need. There are natural and synthetic immunomodulatory agents, this art...

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a multisystem metabolic disease that requires lifelong medical management. While the burden of T2DM to society can be measured in dollars and rupees, the cost of T2DM to the patient may be immeasurable, reflecting the daily challenges of this chronic disease and uncertain quality of life. Citizens of the 21st cent...

Introduction: Hypertension is a major public health problem in India and worldwide. Since hypertension is often asymptomatic, it commonly remains undetected, leading to serious complications if untreated. Hypertension is one of the leading causes of end stage renal disease. It doubles the risk of developing coronary artery disease, increases the ri...

Abstract Formulation and In-Vitro Evaluation of Liposomal Drug Delivery System of Cabazitaxel Cabazitaxel is a semi-synthetic derivative of a natural taxoid and is used for the treatment of advanced prostate cancer. In the present study Cabazitaxel liposomes were prepared by thin film hydration technique using lecithin, cholesterol, and Tween 80....

Depression is characterized by disturbances in sleep, appetite, deficits in cognition and energy. Gallic acid is a chemical constituent of Emblica officinalis (EO). We have reported antidepressant activity of EO. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to evaluate the antidepressant potential of acute and chronic administration of gallic acid i...

Anxiety is a cardinal symptom of many psychiatric disorders and an inevitable component of many medical and surgical conditions. It is a universal human emotion, closely allied with appropriate fear presumably serving psycho biologically adaptive purposes. Anxiety is a normal emotional behaviour. When it is severe and/or chronic, it becomes patholo...

The plant Centella asiatica is used in traditional medicine to treat a variety of disorders. The objective of this study presented in this report was to evaluate the wound healing potential of ethanolic extract of the plant in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. The study was carried out by using Wistar albino rats by creating excision and dead s...

Objective: To identify the prevalence of hypertension in subjects with metabolic syndrome (MetS). Materials & Methods: We enrolled 100 patients with metabolic syndrome using International Diabetes Federation 2005 guidelines (IDF-2005). Hypertension was diagnosed and classified according to Joint National Committee VII (JNC) criteria. The blood pres...

There is growing evidence that statins play a role in many of the central nervous disorders. Though there are studies reporting statins modulate functions of neurotransmitters and receptors involved in mood disorders, little research has been made to evaluate its potential in anxiety disorder where alteration of neurotransmitters is an established...

Recent studies have indicated that angiotensin II [ANG II] might influence platelet activation & coagulation process suggesting prothrombotic activity. Experimental studies have indicated that ANG II is involved in arterial thrombus formation which is considered as a risk factor for adverse cardiovascular events such as MI & stroke. Very limited da...

Men with diabetes mellitus have a significantly higher prevalence of erectile dysfunction than the general population. This study is planned to assess the various aspects of sexual functions like libido, erectile function and ejaculatory function in male with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Fifty male type 2 diabetic patients were included. All the patie...

Antidiabetic effect of a polyherbal product

FABP2 54 polymorphism in metabolic syndrome with type 2 diabetes mellitus

The present study investigates the extrapyramidal effects of co-administration of enalapril (angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor) or losartan (angiotensin receptor blocker) with haloperidol in mice. Enalapril/losartan (as a suspension in 1% gum acacia) was administered by oral gavage and haloperidol was administered as an intraperitoneal inject...

Dapagliflozin is a promising new drug that targets the so far untapped renal glucose reabsorption. By inhibiting sodium glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) which is mainly localized in the S1 segment of the proximal tubule, Dapagliflozin promotes renal glucose excretion and reduces hyperglycemia in an insulin-independent manner. Dapagliflozin also pro...

Anxiety is a cardinal symptom of many psychiatric disorders and an almost inevitable component of many medical and surgical conditions. Indeed it is a universal human emotion, closely allied with appropriate fear presumably serving pyschobiologically adaptive purposes. Anxiety is a normal emotional behaviour. When it is severe and/or chronic, howev...

Septicemia is a leading cause of mortality in hospitalized patients. The septic response is now a contributing factor in more than 1,00,000 deaths per year in the United States. Incidence of sepsis is increasing due to increase in the risk factors such as comorbid conditions like diabetes mellitus, immunocompromised status of patients etc. Objectiv...

Neuroleptic drugs used in the treatment of schizophrenia and other affective disorders are known to produce extrapyramidal side effects. Catalepsy induced by these drugs in animals has been used as a model for the extrapyramidal side effects associated with antipsychotic agents in human beings. In the present study, we have attempted to evaluate th...

Neuroleptic drugs used in the treatment of schizophrenia and other affective disorders are known to produce extra pyramidal side effects. Catalepsy induced by these drugs in animals has been used as a model for the extra pyramidal side effects associated with antipsychotic agents in human beings. In the present study, we have attempted to evaluate...

Background: Ayurveda, an ancient Indian system of medicine, mentions several plants that are useful in the correction of metabolic disorders such as diabetes mellitus. Plants have been exemplary source of drugs in the treatment of diabetes mellitus [DM]. Many of the currently available drugs have been directly or indirectly derived from them. In sp...

Objectives: To find out the extent of use and to identify the utilization of facilities other than books in the library, to discover the problems which are faced by the students and to suggest ways to improve the resources in the library. Methods: All the students studying for the 5 th semester in the Department of Pharmacology were administered a...

Background: Lecturing to a large group is the usual mode of teaching in most of the dental colleges in India. Only little research has been done to examine the effectiveness of the different teaching styles. Effective teaching is required to produce more efficient dentists and hence an effort was made to compare two different teaching styles among...

To identify metabolic syndrome (MetS) prevalence using International Diabetes Federation (IDF) 2005 guidelines in a semi urban south Indian (Boloor Diabetes Study) population of Mangalore. Population of randomly selected adults > or =20 years living in Boloor locality who were available for the house to house survey were assessed for the following:...

Depression is a widespread psychiatric disorder affecting around 5% of the population. Furthermore, it is difficult to predict which patient will respond to any given treatment. In the traditional systems of medicine, many plants and formulations have been used to treat depression for thousands of years. Emblica officinalis (EO) contains tannic aci...

Geriatric population in India is on the rise. Cost of pharmacological treatment and drug interactions due to polypharmacy is a concern in elderly population. The study of prescribing pattern helps to make medical care rational and cost effective. Objective of the study was to describe and analyze the profile of prescriptions among geriatric patient...

Diabetes mellitus [DM] is a chronic metabolic disorder that continues to present a major world wide health problem. Many herbal products have been used in an attempt to cure or control DM, since ages. Numerous herbal drugs like Momordica charantia, Tinospora cordifolia, Terminalia cattapa, Melia azadirachta and Syzygium cumini have been used by peo...

Context: Small group teaching is considered to be more effe ctive than didactic lectures. But is it sufficient just to reduce the size of the cla ss? This study examines the effectiveness of two styles of teaching among a small group of stude nts. Aim: To study and compare the effectiveness of two teaching methods in Pharmacolo gy: Didactic lect...

The Effect Of Acute And Chronic Administration Of The Aqueous Extract Of Triphala On Haloperidol Induced Catalepsy In Mice. GOPALA KRISHNA H N*, SUDHAKAR P, DORABABU P **, PAI MRSM ***, COLACO N **, VINEETHA V** ABSTRACT Neuroleptics that are commonly used in the treatment of schizophrenia and other affective disorders are often associated with dis...

Neuroleptics that are commonly used in the treatment of schizophrenia and other affective disorders are often associated with distressing extrapyramidal side effects (catalepsy). Catalepsy induced by neuroleptics in animals has been used as a model for the extrapyramidal side effects associated with antipsychotic agents in human beings. In the pres...

In traditional Indian system of medicine Tantu Pashan is being used for the treatment of epilepsy. Tantu Pashan is a mixture of Piper nigram, Piper chaba and Asbestos. But the scientific data about the efficacy of Tantu Pashan is not available. Hence, the present study was undertaken to evaluate efficacy of Tantu Pashan against maximal electrical s...

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the anti-anxiety activity of aqueous extract of fruits of Emblica officinalis (EO) on acute and chronic administration in rats. Male Wistar albino rats weighing 150-180gms were divided into five groups (n=6) for acute and chronic study separately. Diazepam (1.0mg/kg) and EO (0.8, 2.0 & 4.0 mg/kg) were su...

Anxiety is a normal emotional behaviour. When it is severe and/or chronic, however, it becomes pathological and can precipitate or aggravate cardiovascular and psychiatric disorders. Although many drugs are available in allopathic medicine to treat anxiety disorders, they produce various systemic side effects or exhibit tolerance upon chronic use....

Depression is one of the common psychiatric disorders. Though the modern medicine provides large number of antidepressants, each of them has one or the other draw backs. Thus the search for new antidepressants with minimum or without side effects is deemed important. NR-ANX-C, a polyherbal product composed of Withania somnifera, Ocimum sanctam, Cam...

Depression is a widespread psychiatric disorder affecting around 5% of the population. Furthermore, it is difficult to predict which patient will respond to any given treatment. In the traditional systems of medicine, many plants and formulations have been used to treat depression for thousands of years. Ocimum sanctum(OS), popularly known as Tulsi...

Metformin is an oral antidiabetic agent, widely used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The serious side effect of metformin therapy is lactic acidosis. Contraindications for metformin therapy include renal insufficiency. A cut off value of 60 ml/min in creatinine clearance is suggested. Hundred type 2 diabetics receiving metformin as mo...

To identify the metabolic syndrome (MetS) among inmates of a 'home for aged' using IDF 2005 criteria. 100 subjects from inmates of a 'home for aged' studied for the identification of metabolic syndrome using International Diabetes Federation (IDF) 2005 criteria. Presence of waist circumference (WC) (Men > or =90 cm, Women > or =80 cm) plus any two...

Type 2 diabetes mellitus

antidepressant effect of combination therapy of Emblica officinalis and fluoxetine.

Neuroleptic drugs used in the treatment of schizophrenia and other affective disorders are known to produce extrapyramidal side effects. Catalepsy was induced by these drugs in animals and these have been used as models for the extrapyramidal side effects associated with antipsychotic agents in human beings. In the present study, we have attempted...

Neuroleptic drugs used in the treatment of schizophrenia and other affective disorders are known to produce extrapyramidal side effects. Catalepsy induced by these drugs in animals has been used as a model for the extrapyramidal side effects associated with antipsychotic agents in human beings. In the present study, we have attempted to evaluate th...

INTRODUCTION Shilajit, a herbomineral drug of the ancient Indian Materia Medica is extensively used by Hindu physicians even in modern times today. Early ayurvedic writ-ings from the Charaka Samhita and Sushruta Samhita describe shilajit as a cure for all disease as well as a rasayana (rejuvenative). It has been proposed to arrest aging and induce...