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Introduction
Subhradip Karmakar currently works as an Professor at the Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences. Dr Subhradip does research in Bioinformatics, Biotechnology and Cancer Research.
Publications
Publications (165)
Breast cancer (BrCa) is a complex and heterogeneous disease with diverse molecular subtypes, leading to varied clinical outcomes and posing significant treatment challenges. The increasing global burden of BrCa, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, underscores the urgent need for more effective therapeutic strategies. The androgen rece...
Purpose
As humanity grapples with the COVID‐19 pandemic caused by the novel SARS‐CoV‐2 virus, the rising threats of the MPox virus (MPXV) in 2022 and 2024 have shown signs of global transmission and the potential to spark another pandemic. Though MPXV has been present for over 5 decades, with cases traditionally confined to endemic regions in West...
This collection of original essays by scientists, theologians, religious studies scholars, and ethicists offers an authoritative, illuminating, and thought-provoking overview of the CRISPR controversy.
Genetic science at times ignites explosions of public controversy. In the early 1990s, the Human Genome Project, along withJurassic Park, frightened...
Optical genome mapping (OGM) is an advanced technology that delivers a distinct view of genome structure. It presents numerous benefits compared to conventional sequencing techniques, as well as karyotyping in identifying large-scale structural variations (SVs). SVs refer to significant alterations in the structure of a genome that go beyond the ch...
Background: Major depressive disorder (MDD) affects a significant portion of the population, with approximately 70% of patients not achieving adequate remission using anti-depressant monotherapy, a condition known as inadequate treatment response (ITR). In the Indian population, few studies have explored the genetic associations of this response, a...
Next‐generation sequencing (NGS) has emerged as a transformative technology in oncology, revolutionizing cancer diagnostics and personalized treatment strategies. By providing comprehensive insights into the genetic landscape of tumors, NGS enables the identification of critical somatic and germline mutations, copy number variations (CNVs), and gen...
The study aims to unveil the role of autoantibodies, drugs, different clinical manifestations, overlap syndrome and COVID-19 vaccination in SLE
Background
The Androgen Receptor (AR) has emerged as an endocrine therapy target in Breast Cancer, exhibiting up to 80% expression in clinical cases. AR-V7, a constitutively activated splice variant of AR with a truncated ligand-binding domain (LBD), demonstrates ligand-independent transcriptional activity and resistance to nonsteroidal antiandroge...
Air pollution has become a major health concern, particularly for vulnerable populations such as the elderly, children, and pregnant women. Studies have reported a strong association between prenatal exposure to air pollutants and adverse pregnancy outcomes, including lower birth weight, reduced fetal growth, and an increased frequency of preterm b...
DNA that is found outside the main chromosomes in a cell's nucleus is known as extrachromosomal DNA. This type of DNA is not part of the standard 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans and instead exists as standalone circular or linear DNA structures. Unlike bacterial plasmids, extrachromosomal DNA in human cells contains important genetic material and...
DNA that is found outside the main chromosomes in a cell's nucleus is known as extrachromosomal DNA. This type of DNA is not part of the standard 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans and instead exists as standalone circular or linear DNA structures. Unlike bacterial plasmids, extrachromosomal DNA in human cells contains important genetic material and...
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic, heterogeneous, systemic autoimmune disease characterized by autoantibody production, complement activation, and immune complex deposition. SLE predominantly affects young, middle-aged, and child-bearing women with episodes of flare-up and remission, although it affects males at a much lower frequency...
Enhancer elements are specific DNA sequences that play a crucial role in regulating gene expression. Located upstream or downstream in the genomic context, enhancers enhance the transcription of linked genes. This is achieved by providing binding sites for transcription factors and other proteins, acting as a nucleation point that promotes the asse...
Enhancer elements are specific DNA sequences that play a crucial role in regulating gene expression. Located upstream or downstream in the genomic context, enhancers enhance the transcription of linked genes. This is achieved by providing binding sites for transcription factors and other proteins, acting as a nucleation point that promotes the asse...
Gallbladder cancer (GBC) starts in the epithelial tissue (lining of the bile duct and gallbladder). It is a type of aggressive cancer called adenocarcinoma that can spread to other tissues. Among all cases of biliary tract cancer, 50% is from GBC. It is a deadly cancer with a survival rate of 17.6% between 2007 and 2013. GBC is rarely found in the...
Background
The Androgen Receptor (AR) has emerged as an endocrine therapy target in Breast Cancer, exhibiting up to 80% expression in clinical cases. AR-V7, a constitutively activated splice variant of AR with a truncated ligand-binding domain (LBD), demonstrates ligand-independent transcriptional activity and resistance to nonsteroidal antiandroge...
Gallbladder cancer (GBC) starts in the epithelial tissue (lining of the bile duct and gallbladder). It is a type of aggressive cancer called adenocarcinoma that can spread to other tissues. Among all cases of biliary tract cancer, 50% is from GBC. It is a deadly cancer with a survival rate of 17.6% between 2007 and 2013. GBC is rarely found in the...
When it comes to longevity, everyone wants to live for eternity. Longevity research has often led scientists to dark alleys with several candidate molecules responsible for aging. Pioneering genetic studies on model organisms like Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster discovered the most well-conserved longevity pathways, mainly calori...
When it comes to longevity, everyone wants to live for eternity. Longevity research has often led scientists to dark alleys with several candidate molecules responsible for aging. Pioneering genetic studies on model organisms like Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster discovered the most well-conserved longevity pathways, mainly calori...
According to sociologist, Sylvia patriarchy is “a system of social structures and practices in which men dominate, oppress, and exploit women.” Derived from the Greek word patriarkhēs, patriarchy means “the rule of the father.” American sociologist Allan Johnson further mentions that patriarchy is a kind of society in which even though men and wome...
According to sociologist, Sylvia patriarchy is “a system of social structures and practices in which men dominate, oppress, and exploit women.” Derived from the Greek word patriarkhēs, patriarchy means “the rule of the father.” American sociologist Allan Johnson further mentions that patriarchy is a kind of society in which even though men and wome...
Semaglutide (Ozempic acid) belongs to a class of drugs called glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists. These medications mimic the action of a hormone called GLP-1, which helps regulate blood glucose and promotes weight loss. One role of GLP-1 is to prompt the body to produce more insulin, which reduces blood sugar (glucose). Because of t...
Postpartum depression (PPD) or baby blue refers to conditions in new mothers who experience depression, mood swings, and desperation. Affecting as many as 85% of mothers post-delivery, PPD is a serious health concern, especially in some vulnerable populations, precipitating postpartum psychosis leading to confusion, cognitive impairment, delusion,...
Androgen Receptor (AR) is an emerging endocrine therapy target in Breast Cancer (BrCa) with up to 80% expression in clinical cases. AR-V7 is a constitutively activated splice variant of AR having a truncated ligand-binding domain (LBD). This confers ligand-independent transcriptional activity to AR-V7 and makes it susceptible to nonsteroidal antian...
Anemia has been a significant public health concern in India, especially among women and children. The National Family Health Survey (NFHS) is one of the primary sources of health-related data in India. The NFHS-4, conducted in 2015–2016, reported that around 53% of women aged 15–49 in India were anemic. The symptoms of depression, a serious psychi...
tsRNAs (tRNA-derived small non-coding RNAs), including tRNA halves (tiRNAs) and tRNA fragments (tRFs), have been implicated in some viral infections, such as respiratory viral infections. However, their involvement in SARS-CoV infection is completely unknown. A comprehensive analysis was performed to determine tsRNA populations in a mouse model of...
SKP2 (S-phase kinase-associated protein 2) is a member of the F-box family of substrate-recognition subunits in the SCF ubiquitin-protein ligase complexes. It is associated with ubiquitin-mediated degradation in the mammalian cell cycle components and other target proteins involved in cell cycle progression, signal transduction, and transcription....
SKP2 (S-phase kinase-associated protein 2) is a member of the F-box family of substrate-recognition subunits in the SCF ubiquitin-protein ligase complexes. It is associated with ubiquitin-mediated degradation in the mammalian cell cycle components and other target proteins involved in cell cycle progression, signal transduction, and transcription....
Introduction: Gallbladder cancer(GBC) is one of the most common cancer of the hepato-biliary tract, with a strikingly variable incidence and prevalence across different regions of the world. The Indo-Gangetic belt in Northern India is reported to have one of the highest incidence of about 21/100,000. GBC usually goes unnoticed due to the lack of an...
Objectives
1) Compare the clinical manifestations in SLE patients at diagnosis and after treatment. 2) Stratifying SLE patients on (flare and remission) based on different immunosuppressants (CYC, HCQ and MMF) with optimal therapeutic approach.
Methods
The prospective and longitudinal study was performed in the Department of Medicine, Rheumatology...
Objectives
1) Compare and assess the accuracy of Google Bard and ChatGPT in SLE patients education. 2) Comparison, Scoring, and Validation of the answers by AI tools from rheumatologists vs other specialities treating lupus.
Methods
The prospective study was performed in the Dept. of Medicine, KMC Manipal, from November 2023 to January 2024. Twent...
QDs are semiconductor nanocrystalline materials with distinct optical and electronic characteristics due to their microscopic size and quantum mechanical properties. They are often composed of materials such as cadmium selenide (CdSe), cadmium telluride (CdTe), or indium phosphide (InP) and are typically in the size range of 2 to 10 nanometers in d...
Traditional in-vitro 2D cell culture-based models have limitations in cancer research, as they do not accurately reflect the complex 3D architecture and interactions we find in tumors. Cell-cell communications are vital for cancer growth and proliferation. Cancer cells communicate with each other and surrounding cells through various pathways, send...
The correlation between gut, secreted metabolites, and hepatic diseases has strengthened over the last decade. Interactions of intestinal permeability, gut microbes, and derived metabolites influence the development and progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a prevalent disease that affects more than 30% of the global population....
Introns are non-coding segments within eukaryotic genes that are transcribed along with exons. They are subsequently removed during splicing, and their presence allows for generating diverse mRNA isoforms through the process called alternative splicing. The functional significance of introns going beyond mere "junk DNA" is questionable until recent...
Emergence of new variants of COVID-19 is nothing new. Different variants evolved with additional mutations of the virus as part of the viral replication cycle have different infectious properties. JN.1 is the latest COVID-19 variant that seems to circulate the globe contributing to many infections and hospitalizations labeling it a variant of inter...
Emergence of new variants of COVID-19 is nothing new. Different variants evolved with additional mutations of the virus as part of the viral replication cycle have different infectious properties. JN.1 is the latest COVID-19 variant that seems to circulate the globe contributing to many infections and hospitalizations labeling it a variant of inter...
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic cost 7–8 million deaths worldwide, creating an unprecedented health and economic crisis. Affecting 700 million people globally, the magnitude of this pandemic is far from anything that humanity has encountered in recent times. A detailed investigation revealed that more than the severe acute respirat...
In the realm of molecular medicine, therapeutic small-interfering RNA (siRNA) is a promising class of molecules with exciting new opportunities in healthcare. An essential component of RNA interference (RNAi) is siRNA. In clinical setup, siRNA may be engineered to specifically target genes linked to certain diseases, providing a focused and accurat...
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) constitute a minority cell population characterized by unbounded proliferative potential in both solid and hematological cancers. Despite sharing key stem cell attributes, CSCs possess unique traits, including the initiation and propagation of tumors and resistance to conventional therapies. The purpose of this review is to...
Smartwatches have emerged as powerful tools for health monitoring in recent years. These wearable devices combine advanced technology with portability, enabling individuals to track various aspects of their health and well-being conveniently. Heart rate monitoring has several advantages. Many smartwatches are equipped with optical heart rate sensor...
The poster explain about the work on different clinical manifestation in pediatric and adult SLE and different treatment regimen used in both the population. The project is a collaborative work between two institutes KMC Manipal and AIIMS New Delhi.
Bioluminescent imaging (BLI) has emerged as a powerful tool in cancer research, allowing for non-invasive, real-time monitoring of various aspects of cancer biology in vivo. This technique relies on the expression of bioluminescent reporter genes in cancer cells, enabling the visualization of tumor growth, metastasis, and response to treatment. In...
Diet and nutrition have a tremendous influence on health and disease. Dietary constituents can affect health and have been known to supplement with essential nutrients, minerals, and calories for physiological homeostasis. However, diet can also affect gene expression through epigenetic reprogramming or by altering the level of micronutrients. Whil...
Diet and nutrition have a tremendous influence on health and disease. Dietary constituents can affect health and have been known to supplement with essential nutrients, minerals, and calories for physiological homeostasis. However, diet can also affect gene expression through epigenetic reprogramming or by altering the level of micronutrients. Whil...
Bioluminescent imaging (BLI) has emerged as a powerful tool in cancer research, allowing for non-invasive, real-time monitoring of various aspects of cancer biology in vivo. This technique relies on the expression of bioluminescent reporter genes in cancer cells, enabling the visualization of tumor growth, metastasis, and response to treatment. In...
Background
Myelodysplastic Neoplasms (MDS) are clonal stem cell disorders characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis and progression to acute myeloid leukemia, myelodysplasia-related (AML-MR). A major mechanism of pathogenesis of MDS is the aberration of the epigenetic landscape of the hematopoietic stem cells and/or progenitor cells, especially DN...
Monobodies, as the name suggests, are the simplest synthetic version of antibodies engineered to mimic antibodies (antibody mimetics) without their complexity [1]. These are constructed using a fibronectin type III domain (FN3) as a molecular scaffold [2-3]. With a molecular mass of not more than 20 kDA at max, monobodies are excellent tools for in...
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is defined as any degree of glucose intolerance with onset or first recognition during pregnancy. The rising trend in obesity and overweight globally poses a serious risk for developing GDM, more among South Asian population. The occurrence of perinatal complications seems to parallel with incidence of GDM contri...
tsRNAs(tRNA derived small non-coding RNAs), including tRNA halves (tiRNAs), and tRNA fragments (tRFs) have been implicated in some viral infections like respiratory viral infections. However, their involvement in SARS-CoV infection is completely unknown. The objective of this study is to determine tsRNAs level in a mouse infected with wild-type, at...
Twins are a source of curiosity, both for the family and the scientific community. Genetic similarities between twins have been the preferred choice to study the heritability of traits. The fact that nature and nurture play a significant role in shaping one’s phenotype has prompted Geneticists to use twins as a proxy to address this fact. Based on...
Twins are a source of curiosity, both for the family and the scientific community. Genetic similarities between twins have been the preferred choice to study the heritability of traits. The fact that nature and nurture play a significant role in shaping one’s phenotype has prompted Geneticists to use twins as a proxy to address this fact. Based on...
The COVID-19 pandemic cost 7-8 million deaths worldwide, creating an unprecedented health and economic crisis. Affecting 700 million people globally, the magnitude of this pandemic is far from anything that humanity has encountered in recent times. A detailed investigation revealed that more than the SARS-CoV2 virus, the hyperactive immune system m...
In this review, we elaborate the post-COVID-19 challenges, and also, the lesson learned out of this crisis. With over 700 million people affected worldwide and nearly 6 million deaths, COVID-19 pandemic is of unprecedented nature ever witnessed by the human race. Besides health-care challenges, there were socioeconomic consequences that still have...
Cancer cells are known to have an enormous appetite for calorie. This is something they are addicted to sustain their unrestricted growth and rapid proliferation. In order to accomplish this feat, cancer cells has evolved multiple mechanisms, rewiring their metabolic circuitry such that metabolic fuels are preferentially diverted to meet their ener...
In this review, we elaborate the post-COVID-19 challenges, and also, the lesson learned out of this crisis. With over 700 million people affected worldwide and nearly 6 million deaths, COVID-19 pandemic is of unprecedented nature ever witnessed by the human race. Besides health-care challenges, there were socioeconomic consequences that still have...
With over 2.3 million new cases and 685,000 deaths, breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide, and its burden has been rising over the past decades. In India, the incidence increased significantly, almost 50%, between 1965 and 1985. As per the 2020 Globocan information, in India, BC accounted for 13.5% of all cancer cases and 10...
Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a nosocomial infection contracted by ventilator patients in which bacteria colonize the upper digestive tract and contaminated secretions are released into the lower airway. This nosocomial infection increases the morbidity and mortality of the patients as well as the cost of treatment. Probiotic formulation...
Humans are poor model systems for studying tissue regeneration. Unlike their amphibians or rodent counterparts, humans are deficient in this quality, making the repair process following a tissue injury infrequent and limited. Most human tissues or organs, except the liver, lack in their regenerative potential. This tends to be a serious problem in...
Cancer immunotherapy is a form of biotherapy (also called biological response modifier therapy) that refers to a broad array of anti-cancer therapies targeted to activate and trigger the body’s immune system against cancer. This includes targeted antibodies to specific cell surface entities on cancer cells, anti-cancer vaccines like vaccines agains...
Cancer immunotherapy is a form of biotherapy (also called biological response modifier therapy) that refers to a broad array of anti-cancer therapies targeted to activate and trigger the body’s immune system against cancer. This includes targeted antibodies to specific cell surface entities on cancer cells, anti-cancer vaccines like vaccines agains...
Background: Depression, anxiety and stress are common neuropsychiatric complaints in patients with SLE. Early diagnosis and treatment will subsequently improve the quality of life. Poor sleep quality significantly impaired health-related quality of life in SLE patients. Our study aims to address the correlation between mental health, sleep quality...
The overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been associated with various human diseases. ROS exert a multitude of biological effects with both physiological and pathological consequences. Monosodium glutamate (MSG), a sodium salt of the natural amino acid glutamate, is a flavor-enhancing food additive, which is widely used in Asian cuis...
What do scraps of bones discovered in a deserted Siberian Cave in Russia have to do with us? Or how do a few fragments of teeth in Gibraltar, an isolated British overseas territory located at the southern tip of the Iberian Peninsula, have to do with the genetic legacy of today’s living people across Asia? Well, it seems that about 40,000 years bac...
Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) are one of the commonest maladies, affecting 5–10% of pregnancies worldwide. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) identifies four categories of HDP, namely gestational hypertension(GH), Preeclampsia (PE), chronic hypertension(CH), and chronic hypertension with superimposed Preeclam...
Artificial intelligence (AI) is a rapidly expanding avenue in science and is often used to describe the use of computers, big data mining, modeling, and network that may simulate intelligent behavior and critical thinking similar to a human being but at an exceedingly fast pace. What lies at the heart of AI are intelligent algorithms that drive the...
A biomarker is a measurable indicator used to distinguish precisely/objectively either normal biological state/pathological condition/response to a specific therapeutic intervention. The use of novel molecular biomarkers within evidence-based medicine may improve the diagnosis/treatment of disease, improve health outcomes, and reduce the disease's...
Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) are those that are commonly found in several low-income countries in Africa, Asia, and Latin America and where people do not have access to hygiene, clean water, or safe ways to dispose of human waste. NTDs comprise a diverse group of diseases that is highly prevalent in tropical countries and is caused by a varie...
Ventilator Associated Pneumonia (VAP) is a nosocomial infection contracted by patients on ventilators, where bacteria colonize the upper digestive tract and contaminated secretions are released into the lower airway. This nosocomial infection increases the morbidity and mortality of the patients as well as the cost of treatment. Of late Probiotic f...
Malaria is an endemic disease in a true sense. It is an acute febrile disease caused due to the parasite Plasmodium. However, unlike COVID-19, it failed to raise an international concern or gain the scientific limelight. Most of the 200 million globally affected by malaria, half of them are from Africa. Four of the nations, Nigeria (25%), the Democ...
Malaria is an endemic disease in a true sense. It is an acute febrile disease caused due to the parasite Plasmodium. However, unlike COVID-19, it failed to raise an international concern or gain the scientific limelight. Most of the 200 million globally affected by malaria, half of them are from Africa. Four of the nations, Nigeria (25%), the Democ...
A healthy host-microbiome relationship, crucial for intestinal homeostasis, is established early in postnatal life. Imbalance in the neonatal microbiome may lead to the development of chronic pathological conditions later in life. Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota is increasingly being linked to the etiology of both intestinal and systemic illnesses...
Cancer stem cells (CSC) are the minor population of cancer originating cells that have the capacity of self-renewal, differentiation, and tumorigenicity (when transplanted into an immunocompromised animal). These low-copy number cell populations are believed to be resistant to conventional chemo and radiotherapy. It was reported that metabolic adap...
Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is a flavor-enhancing food additive widely used in Asian cuisine. It is one of the common ingredients used in curry and other tinned food that is believed to bring out the "umami" meat flavor and enhance the savory taste of the food. It is the sodium salt of the naturally occurring amino acid Glutamate. Due to its massive...
Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is a flavor-enhancing food additive widely used in Asian cuisine. It is one of the common ingredients used in curry and other tinned food that is believed to bring out the "umami" meat flavor and enhance the savory taste of the food. It is the sodium salt of the naturally occurring amino acid Glutamate. Due to its massive...
Nature and nurture have always been a prerogative of evolutionary biologists. The environment’s role in shaping an organism’s phenotype has always intrigued us. Since the inception of humankind, twinning has existed with an unsettled parley on the contribution of nature (i.e. genetics) versus nurture (i.e. environment), which can influence the phen...
Introduction: A growing body of evidence suggests the prognostic and therapeutic value of Androgen Receptors (AR) in Breast Cancer (BrCa), particularly Triple Negative BrCa (TNBC). The splice variants of AR (ARVs); notably full-length AR (AR-fl) of ~110 kDa and a C-terminally Ligand Binding Domain (LBD) truncated AR isoform (AR-V7) of ~67 kDa are p...
Background: Metabolomic profiling in breast cancer (BC) is an emerging avenue to identify clinically actionable biomarkers as well as targeted therapeutics. Altered metabolic pathways has been identified in BC. Studies have discovered an association between oncometabolite levels, DNA methylation and other epigenetic changes, with prognosis in BC. C...
The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPARα) is a member of the ligand-dependent nuclear receptor superfamily known for their crucial role in lipid metabol