Subhas Babu Gogineni

• bbm, bds , mds
• Professor (Full) at A.B. Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Science

Background Rhinomaxillary mucormycosis (RMM) is one of the deadliest and quickly spreading types of fungal infection in humans which typically starts in the nose and paranasal sinuses. Radiologically, RMM manifests as sinus opacification with mucosal thickening, involvement of nasal cavity and erosion of maxillary bone. A radiographic study is nece...

Objective To evaluate the posterior superior alveolar canal (PSAC) in individuals with cleft lip and palate (CLP) by comparing them with individuals with no cleft lip and palate (NC) using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Setting This is a cross-sectional, analytical study with a prospective sample. Patients, Participants CBCT scans of 29 in...

Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is one of the most frequently encountered oral mucosal lesions. The RAS is characterized by recurrent painful ulcers, which can be either single or multiple. The prevalence rate of RAS ranges from 5 to 60% among the different ethnic and socio-economic groups. To date, RAS is one of the least understood oral disea...

Aim Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs), one of the most common causes of chronic orofacial pain is caused by the dysfunction of the various components of the temporomandibular joint and often require the use of non-invasive physical therapeutic modalities for its management. The present study was undertaken to compare the efficacy of plain therapeu...

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a major global health issue that affects millions of individuals worldwide. Diabetes is known to affect various body systems, including the oral cavity and exerts a negative influence on human health. The oral complications of diabetes are diverse and affect various parts of the oral cavity, such as the oral mucosa, tongue...

Introduction: Temporomandibular joint disorder (TMD) is a collective term given to the disorders affecting the Temporomandibular joint (TMJ), masticatory muscles and their related structures. The aetiology of TMD is complex and their management includes various invasive and non-invasive methods. The increasing trend in non-invasive, non-pharmacolog...

Introduction: The most common major salivary gland neoplasm is the Pleomorphic adenoma. Only 10% of the pleomorphic adenoma occur in minor salivary glands. 42.8% to 68.8% of cases with intraoral lesion occurs in the palate. Here we present a rare case of a pleomorphic adenoma masquerading as a lesion of odontogenic origin. Case report presents a ma...

Localisation of impacted teeth is essential for surgical and orthodontic management. The study objective was to evaluate the prevalence and type of tooth impaction in the jaws using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). The CBCT records of subjects between 2018 and 2020 were retrieved from our institution archives and examined by two oral radiologi...

Objective: Oral cancer remains a substantial health burden worldwide despite creditable developments in its prevention, detection , and treatment. The early detection of oral cancer offers high chances of survival and improves response to therapy making overall healthcare affordable. The aim and objective of this study were to compare and correlate...

Introduction: Cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) is a rare autosomal‑dominant disorder that results in defective ossification. The gene responsible for pathogenesis has been mapped to the short arm of chromosome 6p21 core‑binding factor alpha‑1 or runt‑related transcription factor‑2. The condition being a complex congenital disorder with numerous skelet...

Introduction: Oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) conisit of the group of diseases of great importance for dentists. Oral leukoplakia (OL) has long been the subject of debate by numerous researchers. A common etiologic factor is tobacco, which is associated with oral cancer. The aim of the study is to indicate the severity of the lesion, th...

Cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) is an inherited autosomal dominant disorder affecting the skeletal and craniofacial structures, exhibiting distinct maxillofacial abnormalities. A case of CCD in an adolescent girl who presented with significant maxillofacial abnormalities is reported in this study. She had a total of 58 teeth including the retained de...

Aims: Vitamin D is an indispensable vitamin that is actively engaged in immune upregulation. Several studies have been conducted to explore the association between vitamin D and oral lichen planus (OLP), but the results are still inconclusive. This meta-analysis was performed to understand the association of serum vitamin D levels in OLP. Methods:...

Objective The mandible has been used for sex determination and forensic identification due to its unique anatomy and morphology. Every part of the mandible is unique, including the shape and size of the temperomandibular joint, the ramus, the body and the symphysis region, and the inferior alveolar canal. In addition, the position and placement of...

Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation or TENS is a nonpharmacologic method that is used to alleviate pain from various acute and chronic conditions. TENS works through activation of descending inhibitory neurons of the central nervous system. In dentistry, TENS has applications for pain reduction in temporomandibular disorders and postherpeti...

Juvenile hyaline fibromatosis(JHF)is a rare and progressive autosomal recessive connective tissue disorder. It is characterized by papulonodular lesions on the skin, gingival hyperplasia, contractures of joints, and bone lesions. The skin lesions may involve multiple sites such as the head, scalp, ears, lower lips, nose in the form of large cutaneo...

Oral cancer, a part of head-and-neck cancer (HNC), is associated with a high risk of cancer-associated weight loss causing cachexia which is still an understudied illness. Cachexia is a host-phagocytic syndrome caused by the multiple factors, resulting in the severity of heterogenic fashion. For the current review, a bibliographic search was done i...

Aim: To determine the correlation between Lip prints, Palm prints and ABO Blood Groups which may help in determining sexual dimorphism and forensic identification. Materials and Methods: 100 healthy subjects, 18 to 25 years of age and a native of Mangalore population were randomly selected. Lip prints and palm prints were recorded using the manual...

Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is associated with the etiology of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas. Despite the high proportion of oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) in India, there only a few studies on the HPV status. The present study evaluated the HPV status of OSCC and its association with age, site, and tobacco habits. Methods...

Forensic odontology is an integral part of the multidisciplinary field of forensic sciences that requires specialized training and perceptive knowledge for its application in full potential. Forensic odontology deals with the evidence pertaining to the oral and paraoral structures. Dentists are equipped with knowledge of orofacial structures and th...

Desmoid tumors are tumors of the fibrous tissue that are benign, which most commonly occur in the abdominal walls of females who are of childbearing age. The most common location for extra-abdominal desmoid tumors is the shoulder and the upper limb. They show no tendency for metastasis but are locally very aggressive. Here we report a rare case of...

With the closure of educational institutions across the world, didactic education has come to a stop from the level of primary education up to the level of professional training. Due to the discovery of a high viral load in saliva, dental schools have been considered as a hub of potential disease transmission. Students have reported anxiety over th...

Hemihypertrophy or hemihyperplasia is a condition in which there is asymmetrical overgrowth of the cranium, face, trunk, and limbs on one side of the body. It is characterized by hyperpla-sia of tissues rather than a hypertrophy. It is more commonly seen in females than in males and usually has the right side of the face involved. It may be an isol...

Cherubism, also known as familial fibrous dysplasia of the jaws or familial multilocular cystic disease is a rare hereditary, developmental disorder. This condition affects the posterior region of the jaws bilaterally in children belonging to the age group of 2 to 5 years. Maximum growth is recorded till puberty after which the lesion regresses ove...

Aim: To assess the knowledge, attitude, and awareness concerning infection control measures among dentists of South India. Materials and Method: A total of 500 dentists of South India participated in this study. A questionnaire survey comprising 20 questions regarding knowledge, attitudes, and awareness was completed by the participants. Res...

Cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) is a rare inherited disorder affecting dental and skeletal tissues. CCD usually has an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance and common clinical features seen are aplastic or hypoplastic clavicles, late closure of fontanelle, open skull sutures, retained deciduous teeth, late eruption of permanent teeth and presenc...

Novel betacoronavirus is a recent threat to the global health. It has been identified as the cause of the outbreak of respiratory illness that originated in the city of Wuhan, China and has spread rapidly to several other countries within a short span of time. Transmission occurs through respiratory droplets or contaminated surfaces from an infecte...

Keloids are benign fibroproliferative growth seen on the skin usually secondary to trauma. They are scar tissues that project above the skin surface and may be tender or pruritic. They cause functional and aesthetic discomfort to the patient. This is a case report of a 34 year old woman who was diagnosed as a case of keloid of the left auricle and...

The aim of this study was to assess the level of salivary L-Fucose and Heat Shock Protein 70 in subjects in subjects with Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders and Oral Cancer. Method & Results: The study was done among 90 subjects-30 healthy subjects, 30 subjects with Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders and 30 subjects with Oral Cancer. Saliva sam...

Salivary gland carcinomas are the uncommon and clinically diverse group of neoplasms with mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) being the most common among them. MEC accounts for 5% of all salivary gland tumors. As the name implies, the tumor is composed of both mucus secreting cells and epidermoid type cells in varying proportions. Most patients are awar...

Introduction: Developmental disturbances of teeth at the stage of morpho-differentiation have been related to abnormalities associated with changes in the tooth shape and size. Dens evaginatus and dens invaginatus are the developmental variations of the human dentition. Dens evaginatus, a rare anomaly characterized by the presence of a tubercle on...

Oral Squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) constitutes the sixth most common cancer in world. Oral cancer is known as an elderly disease mostly occurring between the 5th and 6th decades of life. It is mainly attributed to the use of tobacco and alcohol. Only 4-6% of OSCC is reported to occur below 40 years of age. This report describes a rare occurrence o...

Objectives: Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) is a protein found in body fluids and implicated as a prognostic factor in many cancers. There is limited research regarding serum and salivary SLPI in oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Materials and Methods: A total of 90 participants were...

Pyogenic granuloma is a non-neoplastic reactive growth commonly found in the oral cavity and skin. It is benign in origin and may arise due to factors like trauma, local minor irritation and an imbalance in the levels of hormones. Oral pyogenic granuloma occurs commonly in young females in second decade of their life possibly due to hormonal influe...

Context: Owing to the increasing number of cancer cases, and introduction of newer drugs like bisphosphonates (BP) for the management of metastatic bone disease, complications such as bisphosphonate‑related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) have come into light. However, several of the treating physicians are not fully aware of this adverse effect....

Ankylosis is the fusion of joint surfaces by bone or fibrous tissue. Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) ankylosis may cause difficulty in chewing, speech, oral hygiene maintenance, and esthetic disfigurement. This condition can be unilateral or bilateral, complete or incomplete. TMJ ankylosis may occur due to various factors, such as trauma, local and s...

Description Background: A 25-year-old man presented to the Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology with a painful and persistent discharge under the tongue on right side of the mouth. The patient complained of repeated episodes of pain before, during and after food intake with a recent episode of fever. Panoramic radiograph showed a radio-opaque...

Purpose: Present study was undertaken to evaluate and compare the salivary levels of tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in subjects with RAS, traumatic ulcers (TUs) in the oral mucosa and in healthy controls. Materials and methods: Present study involved 90 participants of which 30 subjects were diagnosed with RAS, 30 subjects with TUs and 30...

Introduction: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the commonest oral malignancy and accounts for over 90% of oral cancers. Though tobacco consumption in its various forms is the main etiological agent, nowadays, the incidence of virus induced cancers is increasing. Human Secretory Leukocyte Protease Inhibitor (SLPI) is a member of the innate imm...

Osteochondroma (osteocartilaginous exostosis) is one of the most common benign tumors of bone but is rare in the craniofacial region. Only a few cases of osteochon-droma of the coronoid process have been reported in the literature, since the time of its discovery (osteochondroma of a coronoid process) by Jacob in 1899. We present a case of osteocho...

Osteochondroma (osteocartilaginous exostosis) is one of the most common benign tumors of bone but is rare in the craniofacial region. Only a few cases of osteochon-droma of the coronoid process have been reported in the literature, since the time of its discovery (osteochondroma of a coronoid process) by Jacob in 1899. We present a case of osteocho...

Osteochondroma (osteocartilaginous exostosis) is one of the most common benign tumors of bone but is rare in the craniofacial region. Only a few cases of osteochon-droma of the coronoid process have been reported in the literature, since the time of its discovery (osteochondroma of a coronoid process) by Jacob in 1899. We present a case of osteocho...

Botryomycosis is a rare chronic granulomatous infection that usually involves the skin and rarely viscera. The main causative organism is Staphylococcus aureus, and rarely, Pseudomonas and Escherichia coli. Both cutaneous and visceral forms of the disease are recognized. Botryomycosis may develop in apparently healthy individuals as well as the imm...

Fibrous dysplasia (FD) is a benign nonneoplastic bone disorder in which fibrous tissue replaces normal bone. It is a genetic non-inherited condition caused by a mutation in the GNAS1 gene and is characterized by abnormal proliferation of fibrous tissue in�terspersed with normal or immature bone. FD causes esthetic disfigurement and loss of function...

Treacher Collins Sendromu veya mandibulofasiyal disostosis çeşitli kraniyofasiyal deformasyonlar olarak ortaya çıkan birinci ve ikinci brankial kemerleri içeren nadir bir konjenital bozukluktur. Bu sendromun oluşmasının 70,000 canlı doğumda 1 40.000 ile 1 arasında olduğu tahmin edilmektedir. Bu sendrom auriküler pinna anomalileri, yüz kemikleri hip...

p> Background: Type 2 Diabetes progresses gradually and in a stepwise order. It commences with insulin resistance and progresses slowly with time until the body fails to maintain glucose homeostasis. These alterations are accompanied with changes in lipid peroxidation. The determination of the oxidative stress requires sometimes invasive techniques...

Background Use of tobacco is often implicated in the development of oral diseases. Questionable accuracy of the traditional questionnaires to assess cigarette exposure necessitates the use of biomarkers like thiocyanate which provide a definitive quantitative measure. Objective To assess the rise in the level of thiocyanate for measurement of smok...

Oral pyogenic granuloma is an inflammatory hyperplasia seen in the oral cavity occurring in response to stimuli such as local irritants and hormonal factors. Port-wine stain is a congenital capillary malformation which manifests on the mucosa or skin. Pyogenic granulomas in the oral cavity have rarely been reported to be present in congenital capil...

Background: Cancer is the one of the common cause of mortality in developed and developing countries. Tobacco in any form is found to induce cancer formation. Oral cancer is a multistage process with progressive changes occurring in genetic and cellular morphology as the disease progresses from the normal to premalignant state and then to malignant...

Osteomas are benign osteogenic tumors that are often slow growing and frequently arising in the craniofacial bones and rarely originating from the mandible. Central, peripheral, and extraskeletal are the three varieties of osteomas of which the central and the peripheral types are commonly seen in the facial bones. Peripheral osteomas most commonly...

Background: Stress is an undesirable or health threatening response of the body, which is brought on by deleterious external influences (stressors). Objective measurement of psychosocial stress helps in assessment of pivotal role of stress in precipitation of multitude of health problems and a solution to the same. Salivary biomarkers are suggeste...

Dental practitioners may encounter various oral mucosal diseases. Oral lesions can be the early manifestation of many systemic diseases. Mucous membrane pemphigoid (MMP) is a chronic, auto immune vesiculobullous lesion involving the mucocutaneous structures. It is important for a dental surgeon to be aware of oral presentations of MMP. Early and ac...

An increase in lipid peroxidation and a decrease in antioxidant activity have been reported in patients with cancer in comparison with normal subjects. Objective: To estimate the status of serum and saliva by assessing the serum and salivary vitamin E levels in patients with oral potentially malignant disorders and oral cancer. Methods: A total of...

BACKGROUND Bisphosphonates are anti-resorptive agents that have been used for more than a decade, for the treatment of metabolic bone diseases, such as osteoporosis and osteopenia, and to control the skeletal complications associated with metastatic bone disease. Despite their proven efficacy as anti-resorptive drugs, a devastating side-effect, ‘Bi...

Stem cells have the capacity to replicate and produce cell lines that differentiate into multiple cell lineages. Stem cells may be harvested from various sites and are named adult stem cells or embryonic stem cells based on their origin. Owing to their self renewing capabilities, they are used to correct large defects caused by diseases, trauma or...

The word Autophagy is derived from the Greek which means eating of self. It is a catabolic process involving the degradation of aberrant cellular components through lysosomal hydrolysis. It has also been regarded as a pivotal cellular event for stem cell protection from damages caused by extrinsic factors. The three types of autophagy are macro-aut...

In this era of advanced technology, cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) has gained popularity in the field of oral radiology due to its advantages over conventional radiography. The use of CBCT is profoundly increasing for diagnosis and treatment planning in different specialties of dentistry. The incorporation of cone-beam technology into clinica...

Salivary calculus or sialolithiasis is a disease that affects the salivary glands characterized by the formation of mineralized structures within the glandular substance or excretory ducts of the salivary gland. The formation of these salivary stones is due to the crystallization of minerals in saliva. It causes blockage of salivary ducts and resul...

Treacher Collins syndrome is a rare genetic disorder that affects one in 50,000 live births with no gender predilection. It occurs due to defect in the development of structures derived from the first and second branchial arches, grooves, and pouches. Mutation of the TCOF1, POLR1C, and POLR1D genes that code for “Treacle” protein causes an abnormal...

Purpose: Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is the most common inflammatory ulcerative condition of oral mucosa. Due to the lack of curative treatment in RAS, patients seek conventional and alternative treatments. Data regarding alternative treatments for RAS used by Indian population is lacking. Hence, the purpose of our study was to determine an...

Basal cell adenocarcinoma is an unusual basaloid tumour that usually affects the parotid and very rarely involves the submandibular or minor salivary glands. It constitutes 1.6% of all salivary gland tumours and occurs as an asymptomatic freely mobile mass with occasional lymph node metastasis. Differentiation from benign salivary gland tumours lik...

Human papillomavirus (HPV) consists of a large group of double-stranded DNA viruses, belonging, to the family Papillomaviridae. HPV shows an affinity for squamous epithelium and may infect skin or mucosa. Mucosal infection by HPV may arise in various sites of its inoculation namely, the anogenital tract, urethra, skin, larynx, tracheobronchial and...

Background: Routine exposure to cigarette smoke has conventionally been assessed by questionnaire. The correctness of this method has been limited by incorrect reporting. Rejection and underrating the extent of smoking are common practices especially among youth and proclaimed quitters. Biochemical validation is the recommended choice in interventi...

Endotelyal proliferasyonu olmayan kan damarlarının yapısal anomalileri "vasküler malformasyonlar" olarak adlandırılır. Bu malformasyonlar doğum anında görülür ve bireyin yaşamı boyunca var olmaya devam eder. Bu doğum lekelerinin çoğu genellikle tek taraflıdır ya da tipik olarak orta hat boyunca ilerleyen bölümsel dağılım gösterir. Doğum lekeleri ya...

z Desmoplastic ameloblastoma shows distinct clinical, radiographic and histopathologic characteristics. It is characterised by unusual histomorphology comprising of extensive stromal colonisation or desmoplasia. The mixed radiopaque-radiolucent appearance of the tumor makes its diagnosis complex leading to delay in treatment or lack of aggression i...

Introduction: Oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs) are malignancies which develop predominantly from preexisting potentially malignant disorders. Immunoglobulin A (IgA) in saliva and serum is responsible for local immune response. The present study evaluates the role of serum and salivary IgA in OSCC and oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs...

Erythema multiforme (EM) is an acute mucocutaneous hypersensitivity reaction characterized by skin eruptions with or without oral or other mucous membrane lesions. The main two variants are erythema minor and erythema major. Oral disease with typical EM lesions has been suggested as a third variant of EM. Known as oral EM, it is reported less and h...

Oral cancer is a progressive, multistage disease in which changes in genetic structure and cellular morphology occur from the normal to the premalignant state and then to the malignant state. Nitric oxide (NO .) is an uncharged molecule with an unpaired electron. It is highly reactive and interacts with DNA molecules, resulting in DNA damage. Objec...