Stylianos Ioannis Tzagkarakis

University of Crete | UOC · Department of Political Science

Introduction: Sustainable development is based on three interrelated and equally important pillars; the environmental, the economic and the social. The social pillar involves building a framework that promotes the well-being of the whole population with the ultimate aim of preserving social cohesion, while reducing social discrimination. In our ana...

This paper analyzes the main components, ideological features and practices that constitute the (overall) educational and specifically, the higher education policy of the “April” Dictatorship in Greece (1967–1974). The analysis of the relevant research material shows that this policy was characterized by: · the intention to redefine the relations o...

Introduction The study aims to map and analyse the development of social vulnerability patterns in Greece through a perma-crisis context (economic crisis, austerity, covid-19, energy, and inflation crisis) over the period 2008-2022. Methods The paper rests on the construction of a composite index of four key pillars of social vulnerability (employ...

The development of knowledge and skills related to the European Union (EU) in university departments of pedagogical education and teaching schools is of vital importance for preparing future educators of primary and secondary education. It contributes to a better understanding of the complexity and functioning of European institutions and the impac...

After the establishment of the independent Greek state, psychiatry had not been adequately developed and was not a branch of medical science. Thus, there was a crucial absence of care for the mentally ill as there were no corresponding psychiatric hospitals. The time period examined is characterized by the gradual development of psychiatry and the...

Social welfare is a vital aspect of modern democracies, encompassing development, ideas, and public policy implementation. This study focuses on the theoretical foundations and practical dimensions of social welfare, aiming to understand its conceptual background and address contemporary challenges. Analyzing the relationship between social welfare...

The welfare state in Greece even before the outbreak of the global pandemic experienced multiple challenges and problems mainly as a result of its chronic structural, administrative, and financial problems which were further deteriorated by austerity measures. The pandemic that followed the ten-year economic crisis led to a new multifaceted crisis,...

International cooperation in dealing with epidemics and pandemics was developed significantly during the 20th century. In 1921, following the Spanish influenza pandemic, the League of Nations Health Organization (LNHO) was created, a precursor to the World Health Organization (WHO) which was subsequently established in 1948. The purpose of these in...

The Greek welfare state has faced multidimensional crises from the first period of its existence until now. From the traditional unstable democratic and institutional context to the financial crisis, which exacerbated social problems, and from the latter to the pandemic, which posed challenges for the immediate handling of the health needs as well...

The welfare state in Greece even before the outbreak of the global pandemic experienced multiple challenges and problems mainly as a result of its chronic structural, administrative, and financial problems which were further deteriorated by austerity measures. The pandemic that followed the ten-year economic crisis led to a new multifaceted crisis,...

Η πανδημία της COVID-19 τα τελευταία δυόμιση έτη μαστίζει την ανθρωπότητα, δημιουργώντας τεράστιες πιέσεις στα υγειονομικά συστήματα, στα κοινωνικά κράτη και στις οικονομίες. Ένα από τα σημαντικά ζητήματα, το οποίο δεν έχει μελετηθεί επαρκώς, είναι οι επιπτώσεις που δημιουργούνται από τις κοινωνικές ανισότητες που ενυπάρχουν στα επιμέρους κοινωνικο...

Pandemics are major threats to human life and have occurred throughout human history. It should be made clear that the term epidemic refers to disease outbreaks that occur in a human population over a given period of time to a greater than expected extent. It may be geographically confined to a place or an entire country. In the event that the epid...

It is widely accepted that an appropriate combination of quantitative and qualitative methods provides a better understanding of research problems as opposed to using them separately. This mixed approach is trying to cover any gaps and weaknesses between the quantitative and qualitative research. Furthermore, triangulation is a common way to combin...

Undoubtedly, the prolonged, economic recession in the European Union had a major impact on both the labour market and the social fabric of the EU. The sharp increase in unemployment rates of all age groups, mainly in young people and other vulnerable social groups, such as NEETs, namely young people (aged 15-24) Not in Education, Employment or Trai...

Immigration and refugee flows in the Eastern Mediterranean migration path have been increased since 2015, thus, creating the need for coordinated political reaction from the European Union. Some actions have been achieved, such as the EU-Turkey agreement but their effectiveness is contested, while the burden is mainly shared by the Mediterranean EU...

Η κλιματική αλλαγή αποτελεί ένα μείζον πρόβλημα που καλείται να αντιμετωπίσει η σύγχρονη κοινωνία. Η επίδραση της ανθρώπινης δραστηριότητας στο περιβάλλον, σε παγκόσμιο επίπεδο, έχει επιφέρει μη αναστρέψιμες αρνητικές επιδράσεις στην καθημερινότητά τους και στην ψυχική τους υγεία. Η παρούσα ερευνητική μελέτη στοχεύει στη διερεύνηση της κλιματικής α...

Η ψυχιατρική περίθαλψη στον Ελλαδικό χώρο ακολούθησε παρόμοια πορεία με την υπόλοιπη Ευρώπη με μία σημαντική διαφορά, την καθυστέρηση στη δημιουργία ασύλων. Η παρούσα ερευνητική μελέτη στοχεύει στη διερεύνηση: α) της ανάπτυξης των ψυχιατρικών νοσοκομείων στο Ελληνικό κράτος και του ιστορικοκοινωνικού πλαισίου από τις αρχές έως τα μέσα του 20ου αιών...

The last decade Greece has experienced a multidimensional crisis and its consequences are still evident. Several scholars have already analyzed the effects of the crisis and have provided useful outcomes, assessing its causes, policies and consequences. This study emphasizes on some factors that have not been thoroughly analyzed. Therefore, aspects...

After a long period in the doldrums with austerity measures and consecutive bailouts, Greece still bears the scars of the recent financial adventure while strives to recover in a new economic environment. As one of the hardest-hit by the economic crisis Member states, Greece has seen its economic capacity reduced, the unemployment and poverty level...

Undoubtedly, the economic challenges throughout the period of financial crisis in Greece were constantly in the forefront. However, one dimension that deserves more attention and analysis is social vulnerability. The implementation of austerity measures during the financial crisis led to significant setbacks in the field of social policy in Greece,...

The recent health crisis of the new coronavirus and the inability to contain it, has highlighted the need for the welfare state to be prepared in order to deal with generalized threats, which are almost impossible to reduce completely, but their social and economic impact can be significantly alleviated. The purpose of this paper is, on the one han...

Federalism is a theory which has largely affected the European integration process and it remains important today. From the financial crisis and the requests for the creation either of Eurobonds or of a unified banking sector, to the current health crisis and the request for a common health policy approach and a common recovery mechanism for the el...

Undoubtedly, the modern democratic framework of higher education has to cultivate students’ relevant skills such as democratic participation, cooperation, taking responsibility, strengthen trust in public institutions and constitutions, freedom of expression and decision-making, as prerequisites for future’s active citizens. Exactly these goals are...

In this book of proceedings the reader will find interesting analyses about several contemporary aspects. We have separated the volume into thirteen topics, based on the focus of the papers which were presented in the conference. The papers of the first three topics analyse aspects concerning the EU governance and leadership, the EU defence and int...

After 2015, the refugee crisis in Greece became one of the main challenges for policymakers both in terms of immediate measures in order to protect refugees at "hot spots" as well as of their prospects, interventions, actions and policies for their effective integration into the socioeconomic system. This research analyses these perspectives and il...

According to a series of surveys and studies there is a crucial relation between governance, human resources development and administrative capacity, which could play a decisive role in the effectiveness of governance towards sustainable development in Public Administration and Local Government. The present papers deals with the Training-Reskilling...

A common interpreting perception of Machiavelli’s thought is based on the paradox that state feasibility uses not only knowledge but also any form of immoral act in order to preserve power. Against this position that draws its origin in Meinecke, this paper aims to study the ways that the notion of liberty is interpreted by Machiavelli as well as t...

Αναμφισβήτητα, οι οικονομικές προκλήσεις καθ’ όλη τη διάρκεια της οικονομικής κρίσης στην Ελλάδα βρίσκονταν συνεχώς στο προσκήνιο. Ωστόσο, ένας τομέας που αξίζει περισσότερη προσοχή και ανάλυση είναι η κοινωνική ευπάθεια ή κοινωνική ευαλωτότητα. Η εφαρμογή μέτρων λιτότητας κατά τη διάρκεια της οικονομικής κρίσης οδήγησε σε σημαντικές υποχωρήσεις στ...

Η πρόσφατη υγειονομική κρίση του νέου κορωνοϊού και η αδυναμία περιορισμού της κατέδειξε με τον πλέον γλαφυρό τρόπο την ανάγκη το κοινωνικό κράτος να είναι έτοιμο να αντιμετωπίσει γενικευμένες απειλές, οι οποίες είναι σχεδόν αδύνατο να περιοριστούν πλήρως αλλά μπορούν να απαλυνθούν σε έναν σημαντικό βαθμό οι κοινωνικο-οικονομικές επιπτώσεις τους. Σ...

Migration is a multifaceted issue with a variety of research implications. In the case of Greece, the migration/refugee crisis of 2015 has been the subject of security centered policies since its beginning. Migration practices in Greece in conjunction with official statements (speech acts) from political and generally security actors, such as the p...

Social inclusion and cohesion became a major political issue during crisis in Europe and Greece, due to the negative socioeconomic impacts in socially vulnerable groups (e.g. young people, women etc). The main development pillars in Greece were always the public and the private while the third, which is referred to social economy and entrepreneursh...

The HAPSc Policy Briefs Series publishes a series of policy briefs which aim to provide proposals and ideas for today’s world. The journal intends to promote an international and interdisciplinary dialogue regarding new, revitalised, and, sometimes, re-present old ideas that may be currently applicable. The second issue of the HAPSc Policy Briefs...

In Europe, despite systemic, functional and structural differences, the welfare state has been a key component of the state after World War II. In recent decades, the former has been accused for inflating government spending and turning people into passive recipients of benefits and services. For this reason, and for several more, such as globaliza...

The spread of the Covid-19 brought global institutions, societies, states and economies in a critical position as they encounter a new worldwide multilevel crisis. At the same time, states have had to handle this crisis acquiring an interventionist role, protecting the social and economic cohesion, providing better health care services for their ci...

The “HAPSc Policy Briefs Series” is published by the Hellenic Association of Political Scientists (HAPSc), in collaboration with the Laboratory of Health Economics and Management (LabHEM), University of Piraeus, the Public Policy and Administration Research Laboratory (LABDIPOL), University of Crete, the Jean Monnet Chair EduTRIP, University of Pir...

The “HAPSc Policy Briefs Series” is published by the Hellenic Association of Political Scientists (HAPSc), in collaboration with the Laboratory of Health Economics and Management (LabHEM), University of Piraeus, the Public Policy and Administration Research Laboratory (LABDIPOL), University of Crete, the Jean Monnet Chair EduTRIP, University of Pir...

The paper deals with the Training 168 Crete. In particular, the first part provides a brief analysis of the theoretical dimensions concerning the relation between governance, sustainability and regional development, with particular regard to the role of training-reskilling in the development of Local Government Human Resources. This is followed by...

Background: In Greece, both Primary Health Care (PHC) system and National Health System (NHS) in general, were plagued by several inefficiencies even prior to the financial crisis; the imposed austerity measures dramatically worsened the level of health provision and access, especially for vulnerable social groups, resulting in an exacerbation of...

The refugee crisis in Greece has created an enormous amount of challenges for policy makers, not only regarding the hosting conditions in the refugee camps but also for planning the appropriate strategy for their smooth and effective socioeconomic integration. The second objective is extremely important as long as a vast number of refugees will per...

The refugee problem, which Greece faces since 2015, comprise one of the key challenges for policymakers in terms both of immediate measures to protect refugees in host centers and of the prospects for their smooth integration into the socio-economic system. The research project entitled “Detection and classification of perspectives for the inclusio...

Generally, the Greek Social Democrats are currently on a recovery path since 2012 when the biggest crisis of their history started. After a successful formation in 1974, the Pan-Hellenic Socialist Movement (PASOK) experienced a spectacular rise and for four decades it decisively influenced the prevailing Greek politics. For a long time PASOK had th...

It is widely accepted that sustainable regional development can only be achieved if the concept of sustainability is strongly connected with innovation and improvement of regional governance. This task is extremely important yet demanding as long as several policy levels and areas are interconnected as well as it is crucial to equally reinvigorate...

Defining the welfare state is not a simpleminded task. Actually, there are numerous definitions which try to reflect at least some of the basic characteristics of the welfare state or its objectives and its functions. For some, there is primarily an institutional parameter, for others there are functional issues which have to be firstly indicated a...

Social democratic parties during the early stages of their development have accepted capitalism and have considered the welfare state as a tool in order to indirectly achieve the goals of social justice and cohesion. In the first half of the 20th century, the welfare state was the basic tool for the implementation of the social democratic ideas, bu...

During the last three decades the basic neoliberal positions remain dominant and comprise the main directions for policy-making in the majority of advanced countries. The central pillars of neoliberalism are the market and the individual, while the basic neoliberal objective is “the retreat of the public boundaries”, on the basis that unregulated c...

Until recently the increasing impact of the right-wing populist parties in Europe was quite impressing. Several of these parties gained significant electoral power but expediently they collapsed while others were consecrated electorally. With SYRIZA's electoral victory in Greece, the emergence of PODEMOS in Spain and of the Five Star Movement in It...

In January 2015 the radical left SYRIZA has won the Greek national elections and formed a coalition government with Independent Greeks (ANEL), a right-wing populist party. After a seven-month negotiation with Greece’s creditors and the agreement for the implementation of a third memorandum of fiscal adjustment, SYRIZA announced the conduction of a...

Since 2009 Greece has undergone a process of change, involving a far-reaching metamorphosis in some areas, an acute crisis and tremendous depletion of resources in others, and many instances of successful resistance by die-hard supporters of the old ways. This collection of essays on Greeks politics and policy aims to focus more on the development...

In January 2015 the radical left SYRIZA has won the Greek national elections and formed a coalition government with Independent Greeks (ANEL), a right-wing populist party. After a seven-month negotiation with Greece's creditors and the agreement for the implementation of a third memorandum of fiscal adjustment, SYRIZA announced the conduction of a...

Until recently the increasing impact of the right-wing populist parties in Europe was quite impressing. Several of these parties gained significant electoral power but expediently they collapsed while others were consecrated electorally. With SYRIZA's electoral victory in Greece, the emergence of PODEMOS in Spain and of the Five Star Movement in It...

Τα σοσιαλδημοκρατικά κόμματα ήδη κατά την πρώιμη περίοδο ανάπτυξής τους, αποδέχτηκαν τον καπιταλισμό και ανέδειξαν το κοινωνικό κράτος ως το εργαλείο για την έμμεση επίτευξη των στόχων της κοινωνικής δικαιοσύνης και της συνοχής. Κατά το πρώτο μισό του 20ου αιώνα το κοινωνικό κράτος αποτέλεσε το βασικό όχημα εφαρμογής των σοσιαλδημοκρατικών ιδεών όμ...

This paper aims both at a partial analysis of the social consequences of the welfare state’s deregulation and at the exploitation of the necessity for a new interventionist framework that will ensure social cohesion through the provision of equal access to social rights. Welfare state deregulation and its transformation into a “restrained state” du...

Promoting individual freedom is a primary objective in liberal societies. In this context, a properly functioning market economy is supposed to promote individual freedom, thereby enhancing also the inclusion of individuals in societal structures. However, the increasing percentages of new forms of social vulnerability and social exclusion in the E...

Admittedly, the balance of power within the European institutions, especially those related to financial stability and economic policy, is controlled by Germany. The German Federal Republic as the "main creditor" controls the Eurogroup, the Euro Working Group and has privileged relations with the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the European C...

An accurate correction methodology is essential when analyzing test data and trending performance. One of the most critical parameters for steam turbines, which can result in large corrections, is condenser back-pressure or exhaust pressure. Many large fossil and all nuclear steam turbines are configured with either two or three low pressure conden...

The South European countries have been extensively affected by the financial crisis which is followed by austerity measures and public expenditure restraint, especially for social policies. It is well-known that in the countries that the International Monetary Fund (IMF) has become the financial supervisor, because of the extensive economic problem...

(Excerpts from the Introduction: "Eastern European Political Cultures and the Need for Explanation. The Look from Inside", by Camelia Florela Voinea "This volume presents several independent modeling studies on political culture: political attitudes, behaviors, values, normative systems, and action decision making. The authors who have contributed...

The constitutional recognition of welfare rights was enacted after several social conflicts. The main welfare right pillars are health provision services and social security. In Greece, the welfare state expanded during the 80's but its distorted and rapid growth contributed mainly to the construction of an unviable and inefficient system. Moreover...

During the years preceding the financial and fiscal crisis, Greece’s welfare state had been mainly extending provisions in order to serve the political patronage system built after regime change in 1974. This system reached its limits as the number of active insurance contributions given by the working population was gradually reducing while the nu...