Stuart Marsh

University of Nottingham | Notts · Nottingham Geospatial Institute (NGI)

Coastal sediment grain size is an important factor in determining coastal morphodynamics. In this study, we explore a novel approach for retrieving the median sediment grain size (D50) of gravel-dominated beaches using Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) spaceborne imagery. We assessed this by using thirty-six Sentinel-1 (C-band SAR) satellite images ac...

The capacity of aquifers to store water and the stability of infrastructure can each be adversely influenced by variations in groundwater levels and subsequent land subsidence. Along the south bank of the River Thames, the Battersea neighbourhood of London is renovating a vast 42-acre (over 8 million sq ft) former industrial brownfield site to beco...

Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) is traditionally used in the identification, mapping, and analysis of petroleum slicks, regardless of their origin. On SAR images, oil slicks appear as dark patches that contrast with the brightness of the surrounding sea surface. This distinction allows for automated detection algorithms to be designed using computer...

Comprehensive documentation is the foundation of effective conservation, repair and maintenance (CRM) practices for architectural heritage. In order to diagnose historic buildings and inform decision making, a combination of multi-disciplinary surveys is fundamental to understanding a building’s heritage and performance. Infrared thermography (IRT)...

Glaciers in the Tibetan Plateau are melting at an unprecedented recently rate in the context of global warming. Time-sequenced landform mapping for the Hailuogou Glacier, a partly debris-covered glacier in the southeastern Tibetan Plateau, shows the detailed evolution of glacier changes as the ice recedes. This study presents four maps of the Hailu...

With connected, autonomous and electric vehicles (CAEV) developing rapidly, there is a need to better support their implementation into rural scenarios, where there are numerous transport challenges. The potential safety, efficiency and sustainability benefits of CAEVs could provide significant value for rural communities if implemented correctly....

Hailuogou (HLG) Glacier, a rapidly receding temperate glacier in the southeastern Tibetan Plateau, has been observed to lose mass partly through ice frontal mechanical ablation (i.e., ice collapse). These events are difficult to monitor and quantify due to their small scale and frequent nature. However, recent developments in Uncrewed Aerial Vehicl...

Connected, autonomous and electric vehicles (CAEV) are a powerful combined transport technology looking to disrupt the automotive sector and drive the transition to safe, accessible, clean and sustainable transport systems. The trialling of private, public and shared CAEV technologies is occurring in cities around the world; however, historically i...

Peatland surface motion is highly diagnostic of peatland condition. Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) can measure this at the landscape scale but requires ground validation.This necessitates upscaling from point to areal measures (80 x 90 m) but is hampered by a lack of data regarding the spatial variability of peat surface motion ch...

Investigating Spatio-temporal Changes in Groundwater Quality for London Between 2000-2020

Underground coal mining activities and ground movement are directly correlated, and coal mining-induced ground movement can cause damage to property and resources, thus its monitoring is essential for the safety and economics of a city. Fangezhuang coal mine is one of the largest coalfields in operation in Tangshan, China. The enormous amount of co...

Groundwater variation can cause land-surface movement, which in turn can cause significant and recurrent harm to infrastructure and the water storage capacity of aquifers. The capital cities in the England (London) and India (Delhi) are witnessing an ever-increasing population that has resulted in excess pressure on groundwater resources. Thus, mon...

Coastal dunes play an important role in coastal erosion risk management, where they act as a dynamic natural sea defence line. Formby coast is part of the Sefton coast in the Northwest of England and is one of the largest and most rapidly evolving sand dune systems in the UK. Such dune systems require continuous comprehensive monitoring activity to...

High mountain terrains, with steep slopes and deep valleys, are generally challenging areas to monitor using satellite earth observation techniques since the terrain creates perspective distortions and differences in illumination that can occlude or obfuscate a significant proportion of the land. This is particularly prominent in synthetic aperture...

Climate change poses an imminent physical risk to cultural heritage sites and their surrounding landscape through intensifying environmental processes such as damaging wetting and drying cycles that disrupt archaeological preservation conditions, and soil erosion which threatens to expose deposits and alter the archaeological context of sites. In t...

This article provides an example of the ways in which remote sensing, Earth observation, and machine learning can be deployed to provide the most up to date quantitative portrait of the South Asian ‘Brick Belt’, with a view to understanding the extent of the prevalence of modern slavery and exploitative labour. This analysis represents the first of...

Land-based fish-processing activities in coastal fringe areas and their social-ecological impacts have often been overlooked by marine scientists and antislavery groups. Using remote sensing methods, the location and impacts of fish-processing activities were assessed within a case study of Bangladesh’s Sundarbans mangrove forests. Ten fish-process...

Groundwater-induced land movement can cause damage to property and resources, thus its monitoring is very important for the safety and economics of a city. London is a heavily built-up urban area and relies largely on its groundwater resource and thus poses the threat of land subsidence. Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) can facilita...

Advances in differential interferometric synthetic aperture radar (DInSAR) processing algorithms, such as the Intermittent Small Baseline Subset (ISBAS), and increased data availability from SAR systems, such as Sentinel-1, provide the opportunity to increase the spatial and temporal density of ground deformation measurements. Such measurements, wh...

Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Interferometry has several proven applications in seismology, volcanology, land movement, glaciology, hydrology, forestry sciences and numerous other fields. SAR techniques can solely be handled by experts in RADAR image processing. In addition, commercial software and high-quality radar data can be expensive and out...

Remote sensing is an invaluable tool to increase geological and mining knowledge, due to its screening view and variable discrimination and identification capabilities of the target materials. In this study an overview of remote sensing research developed and ongoing within the Portuguese sector of the Iberian Pyrite Belt (PSIPB) since 2000 is give...

Sand movement is one of the main environmental hazards in Northern Sudan that threaten livelihood and rural communities. This paper investigates for the first time the use of the Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) offset tracking technique for detecting sand movement in Northern Sudan, and distinguishes the impact of the movement influencing factors: w...

Peatland surface motion is a key property of peatland that relates to condition. However, field‐based techniques to measure surface motion are not cost‐effective over large areas and long time periods. An alternative method that can quantify peatland surface motion over large areas is interferometric synthetic aperture radar. Although field validat...

Extraction or recharge of groundwater can lead to land subsidence or uplift respectively. Monitoring surface movement is very important for city planners and managers, as this movement can be dangerous for infrastructure. Geospatial techniques provide reliable, continuous, cost effective, large scale monitoring. We demonstrate this by using geospat...

This paper explores the current state of Connected and Autonomous Vehicles (CAV) in the United Kingdom (UK) with a focus on positioning capability in rural areas. An investigation into current UK CAV research and development projects highlights a prolific focus on urban CAV testing. However, it is rural populations who may naturally have the most...

The launch of Copernicus, the largest Earth Observation program to date, is significant due to the regular, reliable and freely accessible data to support space-based geodetic monitoring of physical phenomena that can result in natural hazards. In this study, wide area interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR)capability is demonstrated by pr...

We discuss the potential application to virtual citizen science of a recent standard (BS ISO 27500:2016 "The human-centred organisation") which encourages the adoption of a sociotechnical systems perspective across a wide range of businesses, organizations and ventures. Key tenets of the standard concern taking a total systems approach, capitalizin...

1) Explore Open source software options for InSAR Processing 2) Facilitate scientific exchange through ESA open source SNAP toolbox for InSAR Processing 3) Mexico and London land subsidence through Differential InSAR analysis using sentinel-1 data

Satellite Earth Observation (EO) is often used as a cost-effective method to report on the condition of remote and inaccessible peatland areas. Current EO techniques are primarily limited to reporting on the vegetation classes and properties of the immediate peat surface using optical data, which can be used to infer peatland condition. Another use...

Rapid population growth in South-East Asia has placed immense pressure upon lowland regions both to supply food and employment and space for residential, commercial and infrastructure development. This pressure has led to sites on tropical peatland previously considered unsuitable for development to be revisited. One such site, the KLIA2 terminal a...

The most recent Global Slavery Index estimates that there are 40.3 million people enslaved globally. The UN’s Agenda 2030 for Sustainable Development Goal number 8, section 8.7 specifically refers to the issue of forced labour: ending modern slavery and human trafficking, including child labour, in all forms by 2025. Although there is a global poli...

Change detection in satellite images is a key concern of the EarthObservation field for environmental and climate change monitoring. Satellite images also provide important clues to both the past and present surface conditions of other planets, which cannot be validated on the ground. With the volume of satellite imagery continuing to grow, the ina...

In this paper, we investigate land motion and groundwater level change phenomena using differential interferometric synthetic aperture radar (DInSAR) over the Northumberland and Durham coalfield in the United Kingdom. The study re-visits earlier research that applied a persistent scatterers interferometry (PSI) technique to ERS (European Remote Sen...

This work assesses the feasibility of national ground deformation monitoring of Great Britain using synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery acquired by Copernicus’ Sentinel-1 constellation and interferometric SAR (InSAR) analyses. As of December 2016, the assessment reveals that, since May 2015, more than 250 interferometric wide (IW) swath products...

This study adopts remote sensing techniques to compare the Surface urban Heat Island (SUHI) in Baghdad and London as they represent different climatic conditions, natural environments and levels of urban development. It tests the reported correlation of land surface temperature (LST) with land cover in the literature under different conditions and,...

The European FP7 iMars project has developed tools and 3D models of the Martian surface through the co-registration of NASA and ESA mission data dating from the Viking missions of the 1970s to the present day, for a much more comprehensive interpretation of the geomorphological and climatic processes that have taken and do take place. We present th...

Citizen science platforms allow untrained volunteers to take part in scientific research across a range of disciplines, and often involve the analysis of remotely sensed imagery. The data collected by increasingly advanced and automated instruments has made planetary science a prime candidate for, and user of, citizen science online platforms. In o...

Corner Reflectors experiment - Initial results for relative motion detection

The differential interferometric synthetic aperture radar (DInSAR) remote sensing technique has proven to be invaluable in the remote monitoring of earth surface movements associated with the extraction and geostorage (subsurface injection) of natural resources (water, oil, gas). However, a significant limitation of this technique is the low densit...

This study models the spatiotemporal change of Birmingham’s urban heat island (UHI) using air temperature measurements made during the HiTemp project to study the atmospheric conditions over the city [1]. The study identifies the causative factors and their contributions to the formation of UHI, based on a number of data used to build 2.5 D model;...

Understanding planetary atmosphere-surface and extra-terrestrial-surface formation processes within our Solar System is one of the fundamental goals of planetary science research. There has been a revolution in planetary surface observations over the last 15 years, especially in 3D imaging of surface shape. This has led to the ability to be able to...

Understanding planetary atmosphere-surface and extra-terrestrial-surface formation processes within our Solar System is one of the fundamental goals of planetary science research. There has been a revolution in planetary surface observations over the last 15 years, especially in 3D imaging of surface shape. This has led to the ability to be able to...

Understanding planetary atmosphere-surface exchange and extra-terrestrial-surface formation processes within our Solar System is one of the fundamental goals of planetary science research. There has been a revolution in planetary surface observations over the last 15 years, especially in 3D imaging of surface shape. This has led to the ability to o...

Understanding planetary atmosphere-surface exchange and extra-terrestrial-surface formation processes within our Solar System is one of the fundamental goals of planetary science research. There has been a revolution in planetary surface observations over the last 15 years, especially in 3D imaging of surface shape. This has led to the ability to o...

Differential Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (DInSAR) can be considered as an efficient and cost effective technique for monitoring land subsidence due to its large spatial coverage and high accuracy provided. The recent commissioning of the first Sentinel-1 satellite offers improved support to operational surveys using DInSAR due to regul...

Citizen science projects allow the interested general public to participate in science projects via the internet. A primary motivation for this activity would be familiar to ergonomists from Fitts’ List: arranging the crowd sourcing of human intelligence to analyse massive datasets generally resistant to algorithmic processing. Other motivations ty...

We present " iMars " , an ambitious project to create an open access WebGIS portal to 40 years of observations of the Martian surface, providing access to the highest resolution Digital Terrain Model and ortho-­‐rectified images possible. Scientists are able to sample and test rock to understand the evolution of the Earth's surface; however, on rem...

Location Based Services (LBS) are still in their infancy but they are evolving rapidly. It is expected to have more intelligent, adaptive and predictive LBS applications in the future, which can detect users' intentions and understand their needs, demands and responses. To have such intelligent services, LBS applications should be able to understan...

Many navigation services, such as car navigation services, provide users with praxic navigational instructions (such as “turn left after 200 metres, then turn right after 150 metres”), however people usually associate directions with visual cues (e.g. “turn right at the square”) when giving navigational instructions in their daily conversations. La...

A new method is presented for the exploratory analysis of hyperspectral OMEGA imagery of Mars. It involves mapping the wavelength position and depth of the deepest absorption feature in the range between 2.1 and 2.4 µm, where reflectance spectra of minerals such as phyllosilicates, carbonates and sulphates contain diagnostic absorption features. Fo...

The Lancashire and Staffordshire coalfields in the UK are characterised by tens of normal faults affecting the Coal Measures, many of which are located near coal mining extraction areas that are no longer in use. Recent records show that several low magnitude earthquakes have occurred in this area over the past 10-20 years, indicating a potentially...

The Bandung basin in western Java, Indonesia is a mountainous area with an average topographical elevation of ~700 m above msl. Geologically, the area comprises of some active volcanoes and tectonic faults. One of the most active geological faults is the Lembang fault in the northern part of the Bandung basin. A series of GPS observations have clea...

Extreme geohazards have the potential to escalate the global sustainability crisis and put us close to the boundaries of the safe operating space for humanity. Exposure of human assets to geohazards has increased dramatically in recent decades, and the sensitivity of the built environment and the embedded socio-economic fabric have changed. We are...

Imaging spectroscopy IS can identify target materials at both mineralogical and geochemical levels. Therefore, in environmental applications, it can be used to assess contamination derived from mining activities, moving from contamination sources along pathways to receptors as acid mine drainage AMD. This can be based on the spectra of specific ass...

From approximately 400 glaciers of the western Antarctic Peninsula, no in situ records of mass balance exist and their recent contribution to sea level is consequently poorly constrained. We seek to address this shortcoming by using surface elevations from USGS and BAS airborne (1948-2005) and ASTER spaceborne (2001-2010) stereo imagery, combined b...

Climate records show that the Antarctic Peninsula is rapidly warming. Dramatic changes in ice shelf and glacier extent have been recorded over the last few decades. Mapping recent changes in the Antarctic Peninsula is relatively straightforward, as increased amounts of earth observation data become readily available for scientific purposes. However...

http://hdl.handle.net/10400.9/1775

This community paper presented by a group of authors from ESA GMES project Terrafirma highlights the European perspectives concerning how Satellite EO can contribute to geohazard & disaster risk reduction in former mining areas. The aim is to consider the state of the applications and services starting from the situation in Europe and expanding to...

To detect the Acid Mine Drainage (AMD) in Imaging Spectroscopy (IS) data, field spectral measurements gathered contemporaneously were selected in function of their high correlation with relevant minerals of standard spectral libraries. Working as a spectra selector, the high correlation values at threshold ≥0.8 are inputted to a full pixel based cl...

Abstract: The application of Imaging Spectroscopy (IS) to Acid Mine Drainage (AMD) detection has been mostly based on specific mineralogical mapping from spectral libraries or on field spectra derived information. This work presents the mapping results obtained using field spectra and other mapping where a multi-source spectral methodology map...

Elevation data are a critical element in any geoscience application. From the fundamentals of geological mapping to more advanced three-dimensional (3D) modelling of Earth systems there must be an understanding of the shape of the Earth's surface. Vast amounts of digital elevation data exist, from large-scale global datasets to smaller-scale region...

Environmental scientists are both producers and consumers of data. Numerous studies have shown that significant amounts of scientists’ time can be consumed in acquiring, managing and transforming data prior to their use. To facilitate the work of its scientists, the British Geological Survey (BGS) has identified a series of national datasets that a...

Glaciated regions are known to be particularly sensitive to climate change. Historical archives of glacier volume change are important, as they provide context for present-day changes. Although photogrammetric archives exist for many regions, their usefulness is often limited by a lack of contemporary ground control. High quality digital elevation...

This manual is intended as a guide to new and potential users of the Terrafirma service and its products. The goal is to stimulate the interest of end users, assure them of the accuracy and quality of the technique, steer them towards its optimal use whilst helping avoid known pitfalls and maximise the return on investment of both time and money in...