Stig Rune Sellevåg

• Doctor of Philosophy
• Norwegian Defence Research Establishment

The preceding chapters have illustrated that CBRNE in an uncertain world presents growing challenges for Nation States not only from a defence perspective but increasingly from a security and resilience one.

The 20th Century demonstrated the human capacity for causing considerable loss of life as highlighted by the two World Wars along with all the other regional conflicts that have occurred.

The use of new social media in spreading disinformation has been highlighted as a potential weapon or at least an Impact Multiplier in their use of Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear and Explosive weaponry (hereafter “CBRNE”).

The objective of this work has been to propose a framework that will aid governments with the development of more coherent and effective infrastructure planning and resilience policies through a system-of-systems approach that is grounded in theory for complex sociotechnical systems. The framework has been developed by using a work domain analysis...

The purpose of this work has been to investigate changes in interdependencies between Norway's mainland industry sectors and how it might affect national security. To this end, the interdependencies were analysed by using the demand-reduction inoperability input-output model and national account data for the time period 2012-2017. The construction...

A novel method for quantification of the nerve agent metabolites ethyl, isopropyl, isobutyl, cyclohexyl and pinacolyl methylphosphonic acid has been established by combining salting-out assisted liquid-liquid extraction (SALLE) and online solid phase extraction - liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry (SPE-LC-MS/MS). The procedure allows...

ABSTRACT Quantum chemical methods were used to investigate the OH initiated atmospheric degradation of methanimine, CH2=NH - the major primary product in the atmospheric photo-oxidation of methylamine, CH3NH2. Energies of stationary points on potential energy surfaces of reaction were calculated using multi reference perturbation theory and coupled...

A method for determination of the primary nerve agent degradation products ethyl-, isopropyl-, isobutyl-, cyclohexyl- and pinacolyl methylphosphonic acid in aqueous soil extracts has been developed utilizing on-line solid phase extraction-liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry (SPE-LC-MS). Four different stationary phases (ZrO2, TiO2, polymeri...

Three primary nerve agent degradation products (ethyl-, isopropyl- and pinacolyl methylphosphonic acid) have been determined in water samples using on-line solid phase extraction-liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry (SPE-LC-MS) with electrospray ionisation. Porous graphitic carbon was employed for analyte enrichment followed by hydrophilic i...

The potential energy hypersurface (PES) of the reaction OH + OH (+M) --> H(2)O(2) (+M) has been investigated at the CASPT2/aug-cc-pVDZ and CASPT2/aug-cc-pVTZ levels of theory. The PES is characterized by a barrier below the energy of the reactants and a hydrogen-bonded adduct formed by the OH radicals. On the basis of the potential energy hypersurf...

The reactions H + O2 (+M) --> HO2 (+M) and H + OH (+M) --> H2O (+M) have been studied using high-level quantum chemistry methods. On the basis of potential energy hypersurfaces obtained at the CASPT2/aug-cc-pVTZ level of theory, high-pressure limiting rate coefficients have been calculated using variable reaction coordinate transition state theory....

The elementary vapor-phase reaction between Cl atoms and HCHO has been studied by ab initio methods. Calculations at the MP2, MP3, MP4(SDTQ), CCSD, CCSD(T), and MRD-CI levels of theory show that the reaction is characterized by a low electronic barrier; excluding the effects of spin-orbit splitting in Cl, our best estimate at the MRD-CI/aug-cc-pVTZ...

Relative rate experiments have been carried out for three isotopologues of chloromethane and their reactions with Cl atoms and OH radicals. The OH and Cl reaction rates of CH2DCl and CHD2Cl were measured by long-path FTIR spectroscopy relative to CH3Cl at 298+/-2 K and 1013+/-10 hPa in purified air. The FTIR spectra were fitted using a nonlinear le...

The UV-vis and infrared absorption cross sections of perfluoro-2-methyl-3-pentanone (CF3CF2C(O)CF(CF3)2, 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4-(trifluoromethyl)-3-penta none), has been obtained, and a photolysis study was carried out under natural sunlight conditions in the European simulation chamber, Valencia, Spain (EUPHORE). The photolysis loss rate,...

The kinetic isotope effects in the reactions of CH3Cl, 13CH3Cl and CD3Cl with OH radicals and Cl atoms were studied in relative rate experiments at 298±2 K and 1013±10 mbar. The reactions were carried out in a smog chamber using long path FTIR detection and the spectroscopic data analyzed employing a non-linear least squares spectral fitting method...

The kinetic isotope effects in the reactions of CH3Cl, 13CH3Cl and CD3Cl with OH radicals and Cl atoms were studied in relative rate experiments at 298±2 K and 1013±10 mbar. The reactions were carried out in a smog chamber using long path FTIR detection and the spectroscopic data analyzed employing a non-linear least squares spectral fitting method...

The infrared and ultraviolet-visible absorption cross sections, effective quantum yield of photolysis, and OH, Cl, and NO3 reaction rate coefficients of CHF2CHO are reported. Relative rate measurements at 298 +/- 2 K and 1013 +/- 10 hPa gave kOH = (1.8 +/- 0.4) x 10(-12) cm3 molecule(-1) s(-1) (propane as reference compound), kCl = (1.24 +/- 0.13)...

The kinetics of the OH radical and Cl atom reactions with nine fluorinated ethers have been studied by the relative rate method at 298 K and 1013 hPa using gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) detection: k(OH + CH3CH2OCF3) = (1.55 +/- 0.25) x 10(-13), k(OH + CF3CH2OCH3) = (5.7 +/- 0.8) x 10(-13),k(OH + CF3CH2OCHF2) = (9.1 +/- 1.1) x 10(-15)...

The vapour phase reactions of 2-fluoroethanol, 2,2-difluoroethanol, and 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol with OH radicals and Cl atoms were studied at 298 K and 1013 mbar using long-path FTIR detection. The following reaction rate coefficients were determined by the relative rate method: k298(OH+CH2FCH2OH)=(1.42±0.11)×10−12, k298(OH+CHF2CH2OH)=(4.51±0.06)×10...

Infrared absorption cross-sections and OH and Cl reaction rate coefficients for four C4-hydrofluoroethers (CF3)2CHOCH3, CF3CH2OCH2CF3, CF3CF2CH2OCH3, and CHF2CF2CH2OCH3 are reported. Relative rate measurements at 298 K and 1013 hPa of OH and Cl reaction rate coefficients give k(OH+(CF3)2CHOCH3) = (1.27+/-0.13) x 10(-13), k(OH+CF3CH2OCH2CF3) = (1.51...

Infrared and ultraviolet-visible absorption cross-sections, effective quantum yields of photolysis and OH reaction rate coefficients for CF3CHO and CF3CH2CHO are reported. Relative rate measurements at 298(2) K and 1013(10) hPa, give k(OH+CF3CHO)/k(OH+CH3CH3)=2.00(13), k(OH+CF3CH2CHO)/k(OH+CH3CH2OH)=1.21(5) and k(OH+CF3CH2CHO)/k(OH+HC(O)OC2H5)=3.51...

The reaction of carbon monoxide with the hydroxyl radical (CO+OH) plays a central role in tropospheric chemistry. While the analysis of stable isotope enrichment has been used to refine models of the sources and sinks of atmospheric CO and CO2, less is known about the mechanism behind the enrichment. We have initiated the present work to provide a...