Stephen C. Peck

QTurn Improvement Science for the Social Sector · Research & Evaluation

This paper presents steps to (a) identify the real objects we seek to represent with measurement and models (i.e., the parts of an individual’s SEL skill set and the type and amount of skill change that is likely to occur during the program) and (b) produce SEL skill indicators and measures that are feasible and valid for both CQI and impact evalua...

This white paper introduces a theoretical framework designed to describe the integrated set of mental and behavioral parts and processes (i.e., schemas, beliefs, awareness, behavior, agency) that are socio-emotional skills and that produce both basic and advanced forms of agency. With improved definitions and understanding of SEL skills, and the ca...

The Q-ODM toolbox addresses practical questions about SEL skills and skill growth, such as: What is high-quality SEL support? How much SEL skill change does our program cause in each cycle? How much program quality does it take for stressed children to fully engage? Does our work create equity effects? The tools are divided into three groups: Desig...

Pattern-Centered treatment using the Quality-Outcomes evaluation design for a quasi-experimental, longitudinal data set on youth SEL skills in English Youth Provision programs.

This report describes the methodology and findings from the Quality-Impact-Equity evaluation design as deployed using data from at home visitation program in an urban region.

Guidance for Out-of-School Time Learning at a Distance (GOLD) is a set of program standards and self-assessment questions for OST program managers and staff who are responsible for delivering OST services to young people in their new individual learning environments. The standards described in the GOLD apply to a diverse range of program delivery m...

Impact evaluation for a high capacity Quality Improvement System in the out-of-school time sector. The overall pattern of impact reflected the hypothesized multi-level cascade of causes and effects.

The fields of psychology and education have over the years developed a science of categorical and ordinal description, pattern-centered and multi-level modeling, and formative measurement. These tools are designed to represent an object of measurement holistically for people and settings, to represent change in correspondence with actual individual...

Philosophical origins of the identity concept – including James’ concepts of I, ME, and personal identity – are used to frame a detailed examination of Erikson’s concepts of ego-identity and self-identity. Ego-identity was defined in terms of the continuity and quality of experiences related to social reality, and self-identity was defined in terms...

In this monograph, we investigate the developmental trajectories of a predominantly middle-class, community-based sample of European American and African American adolescents growing up in urban, suburban, and rural areas in Maryland, United States. Within risk-protection and positive youth development frameworks, we selected developmental measures...

Within the field of relationship science there is increasing interest in the connections between close relationships and physical health. In the present study, we examined whether adolescents’ (∼12 years old) and young adults’ (∼20 years old) perceptions of their parents as a secure base prospectively predict C-reactive protein (CRP), a commonly us...

There is a growing literature on the extent to which individual differences in measures of performance, health, and psychological characteristics (e.g., intelligence) are associated with individuals' genealogical relatedness (e.g., monozygotic vs. dyzogotic twins). Statistical estimates of these associations, often interpreted as the proportion of...

This chapter discusses efforts to define and improve the quality of afterschool services, highlighting areas of agreement and identifying leading-edge issues. We conclude that the afterschool field is especially well positioned to deliver high-quality services and demonstrate effectiveness at scale because a strong foundation has been built for con...

Racial/ethnic (R/E) socialization is widely practiced in R/E minority families. However, only recently have models been developed to understand how parents’ R/E socialization messages influence adolescent development. The primary goal of the present study was to clarify and extend existing work on R/E socialization in African American (Black) famil...

The present study used multidimensional and person-centered approaches to identify subgroups of adolescents characterized by unique patterns of behavioral, emotional, and cognitive engagement and examined whether adolescent developmental outcomes varied as a function of different combinations of engagement components. Data were collected on 1,025 y...

...overview of the person-oriented approach... L. A. Jason & D. S. Glenwick (Eds.)

Understanding what young people are doing and who they are doing it with is an important anchor for understanding how things have changed for them over time. There is a growing literature on time use, and many countries now have regular Time Use Surveys. The literature suggests some ways in which it might matter for positive youth development. This...

Introduction Asking how young people's use of time in the UK has changed over recent decades is an important, but deceptively simple, question. How we use our time is both a measurement of direct change, and is also an index of more subtle, underlying shifts in social values and preoccupations, so it is crucial to our task of looking at social chan...

Current research indicates that racial discrimination is pervasive in the lives of African Americans. Although there are a variety of ways in which discrimination may contribute to health, one potentially important pathway is through its impact on substance use. Addressing the paucity of longitudinal research on this topic, the present study examin...

Perceived racial discrimination (PRD) has been implicated in undermining the mental and physical health of racial/ethnic minorities. Researchers have begun to explore the indirect role of health behaviors as one factor in helping to explain this relationship. The goal of the present study was to examine the relationship between PRD and a wide range...

The present study examines growth curve trajectories of cigarette and alcohol use from 13 to 19 years, and investigates how family relations (i.e., decision-making opportunities, negative family interactions, and positive identification with parents) relate to contemporaneous and predictive alcohol and cigarette use during adolescence. Data came fr...

A unique observational data set was used to explore quality at the point of service in after-school programs. Staff practices in after-school settings were represented on a series of unidimensional scales closely indexed to staff behavior. In order to account for heterogeneity of staff performances, pattern-centered methods were used to construct p...

From a multilevel systems theory (MST) perspective (cf. Anderson, 1998; Cacioppo & Bernstein, 1992; Campbell, 1990; Derryberry & Tucker, 1991; Pattee, 1973; Peck, 2007; Salthe, 1985; Schneirla, 1949; Sheldon, 2004), the person-situation debate has forestalled complacency and hastened an increasingly detailed analysis of persons, situations, and the...

Consistent with the aims of this special issue, we present a systems perspective on self/identity, predicated on William James's classic distinction between I and Me, and use this perspective to explore conceptual relations between self/identity, motivation to learn, and self-regulated learning. We define the I self functionally in terms of the cap...

Use pattern-centered methods to examine how adolescents' alcohol use and sports activities are related both to childhood sport and problem behavior and to heavy drinking in early adulthood. The data used in this study come from four waves of the Michigan Study of Adolescent Life Transitions (MSALT) that began in 1983, when participants were approxi...

In this overview of Volume 64, Issue 1, of the Journal of Social Issues, we describe why it is important to consider the diversity of student pathways through time and in context and why it is important to focus particularly on youth who defy predictions. We describe the ways in which expectations are formed in statistical analysis and also in real...

This longitudinal study examines how extracurricular activity involvement contributes to "educational resilience"-the unexpected educational attainments of adolescents who are otherwise vulnerable to curtailed school success due to personal- and social-level risks. Educationally vulnerable youth characterized by significant risks and an absence of...

Terminological ambiguity and inattention to personal and contextual multilevel systems undermine personality, self, and identity theories. Hierarchical and heterarchical systems theories are used to describe contents and processes existing within and across three interrelated multilevel systems: levels of organization, representation, and integrati...

A better understanding of midlife women’s exercise goals could offer insight into the psychosocial facilitators and barriers to their participation. A random sample of US working women (40–60years) was taken, and resulted in 262 participants. Cluster analysis identified participants’ most important physical activity goal. A five goal cluster soluti...

Does anticipated future racial discrimination undermine African-American adolescents' academic motivation and performance? Do face-to-face experiences with racial discrimination at school undermine African-American adolescents' academic functioning? Does African-American ethnic identity buffer these relations? This paper addresses these questions u...

The purpose of this chapter is to present ideas and research findings on self and identity processes that are relevant to the study of students’ motivation, learning, and achievement in school. Towards the pragmatic end of initiating intellectual dialogue concerning self and identity processes in education, we pursue five basic aims. First, we disc...

Changes in conduct problems from middle school through early adulthood were examined in a sample of 1191 African American and White males and females. Predictors were selected from a number of ecological contexts to examine the relative contribution of family, peer, school, and neighborhood factors to conduct problems during the 7th, 8th, and 11th...

Hundreds of identity definitions used in the literature have resulted in terminological confusion: the jingle-jangle jungle of identity. The philosophical and historical origins of the identity concept are briefly reviewed, and the elaborations of identity theory by James and Erikson (which form the theoretical background for the majority of contem...

The high prevalence of mental health problems among children in the United States has continued to stimulate service-oriented professionals to seek targets for preventive intervention. In a 1999 survey of youth risk behavior during the previous year (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2000), 28% of high school children felt blue or hopeles...

The authors' approach to using pattern-centered analyses and longitudinal data addresses how configurations of personal and contextual factors forecast the educational achievement and attainments of different youth across adolescence.

In this chapter, we propose that one fruitful way to study religion and spirituality in relation to development during adolescence and early adulthood is from the vantage point of identity and identity development (see also Benson, Donahue, and Erickson 1989; Elkind 1999; Furrow, King, and White 2004; Markstrom-Adams, Hofstra, and Dougher 1994; Tem...

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Dissertation (Ph.D.)--University of Michigan