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Introduction
Current institution
Publications
Publications (60)
The period 1200-1600 CE saw a radical transformation from simple chiefdoms to kingdoms (in archaeological terminology, complex chiefdoms) across lowland South Sulawesi, a region that lay outside the ‘classical’ Indicized parts of Southeast Asia. The rise of these kingdoms was stimulated and economically supported by trade in prestige goods with oth...
Various models have been presented to describe early Southeast Asian political formations that draw on both indigenous and imported Indic ideas. The most influential of these are the “Mandala” (Wolters 1968, 1982, 1999), “Galactic” (Tambiah 1976), “Negara” (Geertz 1980), and Anderson’s 1972 “The idea of power in Javanese culture.” This paper repres...
In several papers published in the 1970s, Donald Brown explored the relationship between rank, ethnic homogeneity and indigenous historiography in Brunei. His main argument is that the hereditarily closed ranking system of Brunei’s dominant ethnic group produced, or at least perpetuated, ethnic diversity and the development of an invented historiog...
This book analyses the processes of social and economic change in Brunei Darussalam.
Drawing on recent studies undertaken by both locally based scholars and senior researchers from outside the state, the book explores the underlying strengths, characteristics, and uniqueness of Malay Islamic Monarchy in Brunei Darussalam in a historical context an...
This wide-ranging book re-evaluates in detail the early history and historiography of Brunei Darussalam, the origins of the sultanate, its genealogical foundations and the structure and administration of Brunei society.
Contributors draw on the seminal work of Donald E. Brown whose major monograph on the sultanate was published in 1970 and marked...
This chapter uses an institutionalist approach to present an assessment of the key issues Brunei Darussalam currently faces in relation to its pressing need for economic diversification. Given that institutional arrangements can hinder or enhance economic growth, the institutional approach has been central in explaining policies associated with eco...
Chapter 3|15 pages
Brunei and the world since 1984
ByStephen C. Druce, Asiyah Az-Zahra Ahmad Kumpoh
Abstract
As a British protectorate for almost one hundred years, it is only since full independence in 1984 that the formation and development of modern Brunei diplomacy and foreign relations have been seen. Within the context of small state diploma...
This chapter presents a comprehensive outline of the main themes in Brunei history from early times until independence in 1984 placed within a regional and global context. The chapter aims to provide readers with a background setting of Brunei’s historical development that will further serve to complement understanding of subsequent chapters. The t...
The chapter discusses the development of the writing of Brunei history over the last six decades. The review of the historiographic production generally highlights the range of debates, approaches, major themes and issues that scholars have focused upon and how this relates to the important role history plays in modern Brunei. In the 1960s and 1970...
A comprehensive survey of Brunei from early times until 2021 with a particular focus on the last two decades.
This chapter aims to both reflect upon my own fieldwork among the Bugis of South Sulawesi, Indonesia, and my engagement with the scholarship of the ethnologist Christian Pelras, who wrote extensively on South Sulawesi culture and history. Explicit about his task of translating one culture to another, Pelras took an ‘ethnographic’ approach to his re...
Welcome to Issue 2 of the Academy of Brunei Studies Research Newsletter. In this issue we presents a number of recent books published by Academy staff and their colleagues, an overview of current staff research and a list of our 2020 and forthcoming 2021 publications.
This chapter addresses some of the major issues facing Brunei in the post-Second World War era. The historical contextualisation of modern Brunei and the ideology of the Malay Islamic Monarchy (MIB) is provided, the trauma of the 1962 rebellion is discussed and the interaction between the dominant Brunei Malay population and the ethnic minorities i...
The introductory chapter provides the rationale for the book, to acknowledge, celebrate and evaluate Professor Donald Brown’s pioneering studies on the Brunei sultanate. It is just over 50 years since Professor Brown undertook anthropological research in Brunei (1967–1968) for his Cornell University doctorate, which led to his seminal volume Brunei...
Published in Limes Italian Journal of Geopolitics, 13/08/2020.
English version of Stephen C. Druce and Abdul Hai Julay (2020) Il Brunei Fa i Conti Con Il Futuro. LIMES - Rivista Italiana di Geopolitica, 6.
Limes - RIVISTA ITALIANA DI GEOPOLITICA
Il piccolo sultanato affronta grandi sfide: la fine del petrolio che lo
ha reso ricco e stabile, il gigantismo della Cina, lo sbiadirsi della
garanzia statunitense. Le alleanze regionali. I rapporti con Malaysia,
Filippine e Singapore. Il basso profilo come necessità e scelta di stile.
The Darul Islam rebellion against the central Indonesian government in the immediate post-independence period was largely dependent on charismatic leaders who came to prominence during the struggle against the Dutch. The charismatic leader of this rebellion in South Sulawesi was Qahhar Mudzakkar (also spelt "Kahar Muzakkar"), whose conflict with th...
The Brunei Museum Journal is a publication of the Brunei Museums Department and is dedicated to advancement of knowledge of Brunei Darussalam, Borneo and Southeast Asia.
ADVISOR:
Dr Siti Norkhalbi binti Haji Wahsalfelah
Deputy Permanent Secretary (Cultural)
Ministry of Culture, Youth and Sports.
GUEST CHIEF EDITOR:
Dr Stephen C. Druce
Programme L...
This paper assesses Borneo’s northwest coast during the context of the ‘the Asian sea trade boom of the tenth to thirteenth centuries’ (Christie 1998) using mainly archaeological data.
The Myanmar army’s disproportionate use of military force in response to attacks in 2016 and 2017 by Harakah Al-Yaqin (Faith Movement) drove some 700,000 Rohingya Muslims from Myanmar’s western state of Rakhine across the border to Bangladesh. While not the first military-driven exodus of Rohingya from Rakhine, the current humanitarian crisis is li...
The Republic of Indonesia has administered West Papua since 1963, following a United Nations Temporary Executive Authority (UNTEA) agreement of 1962. Six years later, the Indonesian government held the controversial “Act of Free Choice” that led to the territory’s official integration into the Republic of Indonesia. While West Papuan nationalists a...
When James Brooke set out for the Indonesian-Malay Archipelago in 1838, his main destinations were Borneo and Sulawesi, the latter being the land of the Bugis, a people that appear to have captured his imagination and the most prominently mentioned native people in his pre-departure writings. Sarawak, however, was not on the agenda and Brooke’s mai...
While Brunei and China established diplomatic relations some 26 years ago, it is arguably the last six that have been the most important and productive. A shift in the relationship was marked in 2011 when Wen Jiabao became the first Chinese premier to visit Brunei in which various cooperation documents were signed. The subsequent Xi Jinping era has...
The early historical South Sulawesi site Allangkanangnge ri Latanete is reputed to be the location
of the palace of the legendary Bugis kingdom of Cina. This vanished kingdom arose in the
13th century AD and disappeared in the 16th century. The Allangkanangnge ri Latanete site is
dated to between the 13th and 17th centuries based on Carbon-14 deter...
Imported high-fired ceramics (tradewares) are critical for dating early South Sulawesi historical sites between the 13th/14th and 16th/17th centuries AD. The Allangkanangnge ri Latanete site is of great importance in the South Sulawesi context because of its large tradeware assemblage of more than 2000 sherds and its radiometric chronology that con...
The chapter discusses the long-running conflict in the Southern Philippines between the Bangsa Moro and the Philippine government. The conflict stands in contrast to other intrastate conflicts
in ASEAN as it has long attracted the attention and involvement of the international community. The chapter traces the origins of the conflict, the rise of s...
The central focus of this article is the hikajat Sawitto (hS), a 12-page typed
text in the Latin script and Malay language constructed in the 1930s from
mainly oral Bugis sources. The hS provides an important insight into how
the past was transmitted in South Sulawesi and the relationship between
orality and writing. Discussion of the hS is framed...
1.Orality, Writing and History: The literature of the Bugis and Makasar of South Sulawesi (Introduction to Special Issue), by Stephen C. Druce
2.Christian Pelras and His Work, by Campbell Macknight
3.Orality and Writing among the Bugis (trans. Campbell Macknight), by Christian Pelras
4.The Media of Bugis Literature: A Coda to Pelras, by Campbell Ma...
The Ambalat block dispute between Indonesia and Malaysia has been the most controversial issue between the two countries since konfrontasi came to an end in 1966. The dispute arose from the two country's overlapping claims to sovereign rights in the oil rich Ambalat region and intensified in the first decade of the twenty-first century when a naval...
This present study explores the appearance of early polities and development of complex societies between the tenth and mid-fourteenth centuries along the northwest coast of Borneo, a region encompassing present-day Sarawak, Brunei and Sabah. Archaeological data from this region provides evidence for the existence of a number of coastal or semi-coa...
Several accounts by Dutch colonial officials dating to the nineteenth and early twentieth century report on the apparent significance and role of certain objects in Bugis and Makasar society, known as gaukang or kalompoang, that were regarded as supernatural. These reports give the impression that whoever found such objects was made leader of their...
Among the various indigenous historical writings of South Sulawesi are a particular category of texts known as ‘Tributary and Domain Lists’ (TDL). These lists are found for all the major and minor Bugis kingdoms, the Massenrempulu and Mandar kingdoms, and about five of the Makasar kingdoms. As their name suggests, these lists set out the tributary...
This first part of this paper takes a broad long-term historical approach to globalization and culture. The second part discusses Makassar in the seventeenth century and its interaction with the outside world.
The Kedayan are an indigenous Borneo ethnic group who today are found in Brunei, Sabah, Sarawak and, according to some reports, Kalimantan. There seems little doubt that the Kedayan homeland is Brunei and that their expansion into other parts of Borneo, which was driven by economic and social factors, began in the nineteenth century. Scattered refe...
Appendix E presents four European maps showing the topnym Durate discussed in the book.
Appendix A presents transliterations, translations of the tributary and domain list of the Ajattappareng kingdoms and their tributaries with accompanying maps.
The chapter presents the conclusions to the Lands West of the Lakes: A History of the Ajattappareng Kingdoms of South Sulawesi, 1200 to 1600 CE
The period 1200-1600 CE saw a radical transformation from simple chiefdoms to kingdoms (in archaeological terminology, complex chiefdoms) across lowland South Sulawesi, a region that lay outside the ‘classical’ Indicized parts of Southeast Asia. The rise of these kingdoms was stimulated and economically supported by trade in prestige goods with oth...
Appendix C presents transliterations and translations of Bugis lontaraq texts used in the book.
Appendix D presents reproductions of European maps discussed in Chapter 3.
Appendix B presents the archaeological data from the study.
Chapter V presents a history of Ajattappareng from about 1200 to 1600 CE. I begin the chapter with a speculative overview of the Ajattappareng region, and South Sulawesi in general, in the period immediately before 1300. The remainder of the chapter endeavours to explain ‘what happened’ in the Ajattappareng region up to the conversion to Islam at t...
The focus of Chapter II is South Sulawesi oral and written traditions of a historical nature. After discussing these oral traditions, I turn to their transmission and ask why, how, and by whom oral traditions in South Sulawesi have, and continue to be, passed on from one generation to another. The following section examines their functions and tran...
Chapter IV explores the concepts of origin and precedence in Ajattappareng and South Sulawesi in general in a historical context. I first discuss how notions of origin and precedence function in South Sulawesi on two basic levels: between rulers and commoners and between the ruling families of South Sulawesi’s settlements. The chapter then turns to...
This Chapter provides a historical perspective on the geography and
peoples of the Ajattappareng region. I first examine, and then refute, Christian Pelras’s argument that during the sixteenth century a vast, deep single lake occupied the central area of the South Sulawesi peninsula. The chapter then investigates several important changes in the ph...
Research on the early history of South Sulawesi, the period from about 1200 to 1600, has been greatly enhanced by relevant inferences drawn from the archaeological record and used in combination with data from indigenous oral and written sources. Archaeology offers a rich record across the Bugis and Makasar speaking areas of South Sulawesi from abo...
The article represents some preliminary results and ideas from current research on the five Ajattapareng kingdoms and the west coast of South Sulawesi. Using archaeological data and textual sources, the article explores the relationship between West Soppeng and Suppaq.
