Stéphane Roche

• PhD
• Professor (Full) at Université Laval

OpenStreetMap (OSM) is among the most prominent Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI) initiatives, aiming to create a freely accessible world map. Despite its success, the data quality of OSM remains variable. This study begins by identifying the quality metrics proposed by earlier research to assess the quality of OSM building footprints. It th...

The authors of the Integrated ScienceIntegrated science:MultidisciplinarityMultidisciplinarityandInterdisciplinarityInterdisciplinarityinHealthHealth were asked how you would see the future of your field 30 years later. This chapter presents the authors’ views on this subject in 2050. The Al-Samah danceDance. In the above poem, Hushang Ebtehaj says...

Over the past two decadesDecades, patient-centeredPatient‐centered approaches have gradually been adopted to engage patientsPatients as a partnerPartner in the decisionDecision-making process and take into account their specificitiesSpecificities, valuesValue, and experiencesExperience. The Montreal ModelMontreal model combined with the DisabilityD...

Mémoire Milad Moradi Maîtrise en sciences géomatiques-avec mémoire Maître ès sciences (M. Sc.) Québec, Canada Résumé Ces dernières années, de nouvelles méthodes de collecte de données géospatiales basées sur la contribution du public se sont développées. L'information géographique volontaire ou « Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI) » en anglai...

Smart cities are especially suited for improving urban inclusion by combining digital transition and social innovation. To be smart, a city has to provide every citizen with urban spaces, public services, and common goods that are effectively affordable, whatever the citizen’s gender, culture, origin, race, or impairment. Based on two design worksh...

Médias situés et mobilités partagées Sous la direction de Bernard Guelton Éditions Hermann, septembre 2019 La mobilité des personnes, des informations, des objets, des réseaux, et consécutivement des œuvres artistiques contemporaines évolue très rapidement. Les façons de concevoir et de vivre l’espace-temps et les rapports sociaux sont profondém...

In response to the current Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, many countries are developing digital strategies for the identification of individuals who have been in contact with infected persons. Those strategies are mainly based on Contact Tracing applications. While the effectiveness of these technologies has not yet been demonstrated, and that th...

Le calcul automatique d’itinéraires a largement contribué à l’essor des plateformes cartographiques. Pourtant, aucune étude ne s’est véritablement intéressée à la manière dont ces outils sont exploités et perçus lorsqu’il s’agit de planifier un déplacement. L’enquête qualitative que nous avons menée auprès de trente utilisateurs suggère que dans ce...

L’apparition des Technologies de Géolocalisation (TdG) a profondément modifié notre rapport à l’espace. Ces dernières influencent singulièrement notre manière de communiquer et de raisonner spatialement. Après avoir brièvement retracé l’avènement des TdG, ce chapitre dresse une typologie inédite des mobilités soutenues par l’usage combiné de ces mé...

For validating the feasibility and effectiveness of the WikiGIS concept that has been proposed as a solution to better meet the main dimensions and requirements of Geodesign process, we have conducted a qualitative study based on a mixed methodology: questionnaire and interview with experts in various fields such as geomatics, architecture, urban p...

Smart cities frequently rely on vast sensor networks, such as traffic cameras and ventilation controllers. This requires that we rethink methods of spatial tessellation. As tessellation is becoming more dynamic, we often combine multiple tessellation methods and switch tessellation shapes frequently for different data collection and analytics. In t...

Place, as a concept, is subject to a lively, ongoing discussion involving different disciplines. However, most of these discussions approach the issue without a geographic perspective, which is the natural habitat of a place. This study contributes to this discourse through the exploratory examination of urban intelligence utilizing the geographica...

Uses of digital footprints in geography: potential heuristics and research issues In this paper, the relationship between trace and geographical space is discussed from the digital footprint perspective by integrating the spatial dimension. Indeed, within the growing use of the Internet the variety of digital footprint tend to widely multiply. We f...

Over the last two decades, online communities have become ubiquitous, with millions of people accessing collaborative project websites every day. Among them, the OpenStreetMap project (OSM) has been very successful in collecting/offering volunteered geographic information (VGI). Very different behaviours are observed among OSM participants, which t...

Online collaborative communities are now ubiquitous. Identifying the nature of the events that drive contributors to withdraw from a project is of prime importance to ensure the sustainability of those communities. Previous studies used ad hoc criteria to identify withdrawn contributors, preventing comparisons between results and introducing interp...

The number of people registering in an online community depends on two main factors: interest in, and awareness of, the project. Registering to a project does not, however, imply contributing to it, as lacking the knowledge and skills can be a barrier to participation. In order to identify the nature of events that might have facilitated or hindere...

Geodesign is an emergent term related to a new and complex process. Hence, it needs to rethink tools, technologies and platforms in order to efficiently achieve its goals. A few tools have emerged since 2010 such as CommunityViz, GeoPlanner, etc. In the era of Web 2.0 and collaboration, WikiGIS has been proposed as a new category of tools. In this...

This third report examines interfaces as a key element enabling spatial skills, and development of new forms of digital spatialities for smart cities. Digital technology is becoming consubstantial to urban materiality, but map interfaces are particularly central tools for indexing (geographic) knowledge and expertise, accessing informational compon...

During navigation, people tend to associate objects that have outstanding characteristics to useful landmarks. The landmarkness is usually divided into three categories of salience: the visual, the structural, and the semantic. Actually, the roles of visual and structural landmarks have been widely explored at the expense of the semantic salience....

This second report is dedicated to the concept of ‘place’ revisited in the context of smart cities. Some recent studies suggest that today’s digital cities rely more on an approach to the urban context based on a network of connected places than on an approach to the city built on areal spaces. Does it mean that there are more places and fewer spac...

Sharing "location" information on social media became commonplace since the advent of smartphones. Location-based social networks introduced a derivative form of Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI) known as Social Location Sharing (SLS). It consists of claiming "I am/was at that Place". Since SLS represents a singular form of place-based (i.e....

Research in the area of spatial cognition demonstrated that references to landmarks are essential in the communication and the interpretation of wayfinding instructions for human being. In order to detect landmarks, a model for the assessment of their salience has been previously developed by Raubal and Winter. According to their model, landmark sa...

As an emerging complex concept, GeoDesign requires an innovative theoretical basis, tools, supports and practices. For this reason, we propose a new concept, “WikiGIS”, designed to answer some dimensions of the GeoDesign process. WikiGIS focuses on the needs of GeoDesign, but we leave the door open for future improvement when tested in other areas...

In this report I propose to examine the concept of the ‘smart city’ from the standpoint of spatial enablement. I analyse emerging research on smart cities, particularly those addressing the potential role of GISciences in the development and implementation of the concept of smart cities. I develop the idea that the intelligence of a city should be...

Web mapping 2.0, toward a critical approach of new form of mapping The emergence of a new form of Web-mapping based on techniques and principles of Web 2.0 may be seen as an opportunity for participatory mapping. The acceleration of spatial data diffusion on the Web, generalisation of its use and diversification of its use generate unprecedented re...

Growing investments of time, money and other resources in the production of geographic information (GI) in concert with the increasingly widespread use of GI throughout society are often accompanied by statements that reference the economic, cultural and social value of GI. Despite considerable effort over the past decade, our capacity to quantify...

VGI changed the mapping landscape by allowing people that are not professional cartographers to contribute to large mapping projects, resulting at the same time in concerns about the quality of the data produced. While a number of early VGI studies used conventional methods to assess data quality, such approaches are not always well adapted to VGI....

The aim of this research is to design and implement a knowledge discovery system that facilitates, using a web 2.0 collaborative approach, the identification of new risks of geospatial data misuse based on a contributed knowledge repository fed by application domain experts. [Context/Motivation] This research is motivated by the irregularity of ris...

This paper explores the smart city concept and proposes an innovative way of sensing urban places' life using aggregation of devices sensors (cameras...) and human sensors (VGI, geosocial networks) datasets. The paper also discusses the need of an enabling geospatial information platform to facilitate data discovery and access in order to support s...

ABSTRACT. Efficient collaboration between participants is fundamental for urban planning and design processes, but it is not necessarily easy to achieve. This limitation depends on several factors including differences in participants’ backgrounds and the limitations and the complexity of the tools used to support those process. Furthermore, the co...

RÉSUMÉ. Avec l'émergence du web 2.0, de nouvelles applications naissent et évoluent vers des formes plus interactives d'intelligence collective. Ces applications offrent aux professionnels comme au grand public un accès ouvert et enrichi à l'information géographique. Dans cet article, nous proposons les bases conceptuelles d'une nouvelle solution t...

With the emergence of Web 2.0, new applications arise and evolve into more interactive forms of collective intelligence. These applications offer to both professionals and citizens an open and expanded access to geographic information. In this paper, we develop the conceptual foundations of a new technology solution called WikiGIS. WikiGIS’s streng...

Convergence of GIS with ICT (Internet, mobile phone) and geolocation systems (GPS) has now resulted in the emergence of a new form of Web- mapping based on techniques and principles of Web 2.0. Driven by information technologies, mapping traditionally reserved for professionals is now taking place in our daily practices. Beyond a marketing artifact...

GeoDesign is an emerging concept that aims to address key issues that impact the planning and management of human settlement and activities. Carl Steinitz from the Harvard Graduate School of Design considers that « GeoDesign is geography by design ». GeoDesign is not really a new concept, but it was updated in December 2008 at a specialist meeting...

With advanced technology (e.g API, Ajax, Geostack, KML, etc), and Internet accessibility, cartographic production becomes easy and affordable for all people. But this production may have many drawbacks, since ordinary individuals intervene as amateurs and without any qualification. Moreover, the traceability of such opened cartographic contents is...

Mapping, and more generally geopositioning, has become ubiquitous on the Internet. This democratization of geomatics through the GeoWeb results in the emergence of a new form of mapping based on Web 2.0 technologies. Described as Web-mapping 2.0, it is especially characterized by high interactivity and geolocation-based contents generated by users....

Convergence of GIS with ICT (Internet, mobile phone) and geolocation systems (GPS) has now resulted in the emergence of a new form of Web-mapping based on techniques and principles of Web 2.0. Driven by information technologies, mapping traditionally reserved for professionals is now taking place in our daily practices. Beyond a marketing artifact,...

Avec le développement de l'Internet, la géomatique a profondément évolué. La convergence des technologies géospatiales et du Web se traduit aujourd'hui par l'émergence d'une nouvelle forme de cartographie reposant sur les techniques et les principes du web 2.0. Qualifiée de cartographie 2.0, elle se caractérise par une grande interactivité et des c...

New on-line services that support user generated and user modified maps are emerging at a rapid pace and a vast amount of information has been created. Anyone with Internet access via computer or mobile devices now has the ability to display geospatial data and voluntarily add information without the help of a GIS expert. This user created geospati...

To date, spatial data quality management has predominantly consisted of documenting processes and measuring errors with less concern about meeting users' varying needs. Despite broad acceptance of the "fitness-for-use" criteria as a key component of geographic information quality assessment, quality infor-mation is still communicated as if it was a...

Historiquement, l'utilisation de la terre dans la région de l'Amazonie est caractérisée par une surexploitation des ressources naturelles par des personnes et organisations exogènes. Les communautés amérindiennes de l'Amazonie colombienne ont tenté de limiter ces activités et leurs impacts, effort et revendications qu'elles continuent de faire enco...

This book seeks to illuminate the organizational and social dimensions of Global Information Systems. It provides a broad and historical perspective on the developments of the geographic information society and on its connection to the information technology field, so as to better understand the issues and problems associated with the implementatio...

Geographic Information (GI) is becoming more important everyday at all levels of soci-ety. GI has a central role in supporting economies, improving business effectiveness in the private sector, enabling more efficient governments, and increasing citizens' quality of life. Assessing the value of digital information products, services and infrastruct...

As part of his Master's degree in geomatics and as part of the Archéogéomatique projet (GEOIDE - Phase HI) [involving archaeology and geomatics - translator's note], the main author proposes the use of rectified images to support the extracting, directly in the field, of the geometric component of archaeological data in the form of scale sketches a...

In this paper, we describe how spatial on-line analytical processing (SOLAP), a specific category of business intelligence technology especially adapted to geospatial data, can help to improve the technological side of public participation GIS applications. Based on two simulated cases of realistic scenarios of a public audience, this paper aims at...

Researchers' fame in most scientific fields is closely linked to their publishing capacity, both in terms of quantity and quality. In GIScience, as in other fields, this situation demands that the researcher evaluate and to be very familiar with the scientific journals in which they could publish. Some specialized journals (e.g. Journal of Citation...

SynonymsIndoor positioning system; Microgeomatics; Real-time location services; Location-based services; Spatial statistical analysis; Smart buildingsDefinitionIndoor positioning is a technique that provides the continuous real-time location of objects or people within a closed space through measurements [1]. It is primarily used in retail floors,...

Based on a hundred years of experience in geomatics education at Laval University, certain future directions for instruction emerge. This paper considers the content of geomatics courses and the methods of delivery. The content of courses must adjust to the convergence of technologies as, for example, when methods of location become embedded in mor...

As a component of the technological emergence and convergence on which tomorrow's Web 2.0 is built, Wikis are extending their applicability and redefine themselves. Based on the analysis of today's Wikis and their evolution, this paper aims at revealing possible directions for the collaborative construction ofspatial knowledge on the Web, and thus...

Laval University's Department of Geomatics Sciences is celebrating its 100th anniversary. During this century, it has become a leader in its field, and more specifically in the last 20 years. Many factors contributed to this success, such as thefirst B.Sc. in Geomatics in the world, the arrival of a new generation of professors highly involved in r...

RESUME. La recherche présentée dans cet article vise à concevoir un modèle de SIG adapté à la dynamique et aux dimensions collaboratives formelles du processus de design urbain délibératif. Le prototype développé vise également à saisir les représentations spatiales créées et échangées au cours du processus, mais aussi à proposer une représentation...

Geospatial Information Technology (GIT) is being used in an increasing number of application fields and is relevant for more users than ever before. This diversity of applications and users raise questions about the relevance of different types of georepresentation (such as, maps, aerial photos, satellite imagery, 3D models) and their congruency wi...

Représentations spatiales et participation sous la direction de Sylvie Lardon, Michel Mainguenaud, Stéphane Roche

For a few years now, several development projects have been carried out in municipal contexts in order to make spatial information available on the Internet. An overall observation of the existing municipal Web sites obviously shows the great variety of the objectives at stake, and of the technological solutions implemented. Despite the increasing...

For twenty years, the projects dedicated to the implantation of geomatics technologies within Canadian local government organizations have multiplied. More recently, towns and cities have taken up the opportunities offered by the Internet to disseminate geographic information on-line. Despite the profusion of initiatives, it is still difficult to p...

L'urbanisation actuelle élargit les assises spatiales de la scène politique locale. En Europe, les structures intercommunales à l'échelle des agglomérations peinent à offrir un nouveau cadre d'expression pour des revendications croissantes de participation aux décisions locales. L'information géographique, dans la diversité de ses formes publiques,...

This paper focuses on the analysis of the role of geographic information in territorial diagnosis. Most part of the works carried out to optimize the implementation of GIS in land planning projects are more or less based on the technological determinism paradigm. The scientific position adopted here is, on the contrary, more linked to the social in...

Today, geographic information technologies (GITs) stand out as the unavoidable answers to the French local governments' new stakes. Yet, an important discrepancy has been noticed between the utility levels (in the qualitative sense) and the theoretical intrinsic potential of these technologies. The social utility value of GIT seems quite low compar...

Les problematiques d’appropriation des technologies de l’information geographique par certains utilisateurs sont souvent liees aux differentiels engendres par la confrontation entre leur representation cognitive du territoire et les modeles physiques proposes par la technologie. La typologie des representations spatiales proposee dans cet article,...

Difficulties appropriating geographic information technologies often stem from differences between the users' cognitive representation of space and the spatial models offered by the technology. The typology of spatial representations proposed in this paper-supported by numerous examples-aims to establish a frame of reference for validating this gen...

La diffusion des technologies de l'information géographique sur le territoire français s'inscrit dans les modèles classiques «centre-périphérie» de diffusion des innovations technologiques. Pourtant, au-delà de ces grandes dynamiques nationales, la distribution spatiale des TIG reflète les caractéristiques institutionnelles, culturelles et spatiale...

Of course, the conference programming will be PACKED with valuable educational sessions and workshops, panel discussions and seminars... and the exposition will include all of the vendors you need to do your job. Stay tuned for the exciting news about the keynote address! Jutting out into the waters of Lake Michigan, in downtown Chicago, Navy Pier...

The spreading of geographical information technologies (GIT) within local authorities has been increasing steadily since the 1980s. The craze for these modern spatial representation technologies is indeed ruled by the will to optimize interventions on space, and to rationalize data processing, but it reflects more deeply a new way to perceive terri...

Municipal players' appropriation of Geographical Information Technologies. — This article seeks to enhance our understanding of the criteria that influence the appropriation of Geographical Information Technologies (GIT) by those involved in land use planning at a municipal level. The results of this analysis provide clear evidence of close links b...

This article seeks to enhance our understanding of the criteria that influence the appropriation of Geographical Information Technologies (GIT) by those involved in land use planning at a municipal level. The results of this analysis provide clear evidence of close links between municipal players' perceptions (of the local area, of their own role,...

The problems associated with the incorporation of GIS in spatial dynamics and in the thinking of local government give rise to certain questions about the role of GIS in territorial management. The thesis presented here uses a process of exploratory research based on case studies from France and Quebec. Its principal objectives are to show why the...