About
100
Publications
44,382
Reads
How we measure 'reads'
A 'read' is counted each time someone views a publication summary (such as the title, abstract, and list of authors), clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the full-text. Learn more
2,693
Citations
Publications
Publications (100)
The adoption of innovative advanced materials holds vast potential, contingent upon addressing safety and sustainability concerns. The European Commission advocates the integration of Safe and Sustainable by Design (SSbD) principles early in the innovation process to streamline market introduction and mitigate costs. Within this framework, encompas...
Nanosafety assessment, which seeks to evaluate the risks from exposure to nanoscale materials, spans materials synthesis and characterisation, exposure science, toxicology, and computational approaches, resulting in complex experimental workflows and diverse data types. Managing the data flows, with a focus on provenance (who generated the data, fo...
Why do we need Safe and Sustainable Design of innovative advanced materials? The current situation serves as a compelling reason to prioritize activities in accordance with the needs outlined in this roadmap, with the aim of averting a future where we are constantly playing catch-up due to past ignorance. Instead, we should strive to achieve a succ...
Introduction: Significant progress has been made in terms of best practice in research data management for nanosafety. Some of the underlying approaches to date are, however, overly focussed on the needs of specific research projects or aligned to a single data repository, and this “silo” approach is hampering their general adoption by the broader...
Developing safe and sustainable nanomaterials-based solutions to current global challenges including clean energy , sustainable food production and water security requires access to high quality data and appropriate analysis and modelling approaches. Achieving these challenges requires increased re-use of research data to accelerate progress and su...
Current European (EU) policies, such as the Green Deal, envisage safe and sustainable by design (SSbD) practices for the management of chemicals, which cogently entail nanomaterials (NMs) and advanced materials (AdMa). These practices, applied at the earliest stages of innovation and throughout the life-cycle of chemicals, materials and products, c...
Over the recent years, EU chemicals legislation, guidance and test guidelines have been developed or adapted for nanomaterials to facilitate safe use of nanomaterials. This paper provides an overview of the information requirements across different EU regulatory areas. For each information requirement, a group of 22 experts identified potential nee...
The numerous application possibilities of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) have created immense interest in various industry sectors to invest in this emerging technology. This has resulted in a rapid entry of nanotechnology-based products into the market and has obviated the need of scientific research to provide solid and consistent basis for regu...
The increasingly widespread use of genome editing brought with it a fierce debate about the most adequate regulation of this latest innovation in modern biotechnology and the products resulting from it. In almost all cases, this debate has become a repetition or continuation of the deliberations concerning genetically modified organisms (GMOs) of t...
INISS-nano
“This concept paper shall prepare the ecosystem for global collaboration in selected fields of action (see pillars), enabling “collaboration without borders” within joint projects, joint funding initiatives, and any further way of cooperation.”
Interested colleagues are invited to connect with the coordinators of the initiative. Furth...
The nanotechnology-enabled mrNA-based vaccine platform recently approved against COVID-19 bears hope for improved vaccine development and trialling capacities in low- and middle-income countries as part of a broader global public health agenda.
Synthetic biology needs to adopt sound scientific and industry-like standards in order to achieve its ambitious goals of efficient and accurate engineering of biological systems.
The “OECD Conference on Genome Editing: Applications in Agriculture—Implications for Health, Environment and Regulation” was held on the 28–29 June 2018 at the OECD headquarter and conference centre in Paris, France. It brought together policy makers, academia, innovators and other stakeholders involved in the topic, in order to take stock of the c...
The “OECD Conference on Genome Editing: Applications in Agriculture – Implications for Health, Environment and Regulation”, brought together policy makers, academia, innovators and other stakeholders involved in the topic, in order to take stock of the existing research and applications of genome editing, and to thereby provide science-based input...
The international Organisation for Economic and Co-operative Development (OECD) conference on genome editing (June 2018) provided a timely platform for scientists, risk assessors, policy-makers, and regulators to discuss the applications and implications of this technology in various agriculture areas and the related policy considerations; in addit...
Book Abstract:
Nanotechnology Environmental Health and Safety tackles – in depth and in breadth – the complex and evolving issues pertaining to nanotechnology's environmental health and safety (EHS). The chapters are authored by leaders in their respective fields, providing thorough analysis of their research areas. The diverse spectrum of topics i...
This “Trend-Analysis of Science, Technology and Innovation Policies for BNCTs” aims to analyse policies pertaining to nanotechnology and biotechnology over the past years with regard to their directionality and technology-specificity. The analysis provides some evidence that technology-push policies are favoured for young technology fields, while a...
This report brings together the latest available patenting and bibliometric activity data on biotechnology, nanotechnology and related emerging and converging technologies. The data has been collected by the secretariat to the OECD Working Party on Biotechnology, Nanotechnology and Converging Technologies (BNCT). This report combines highlights of...
Gene editing techniques represent a major advance in the field of biotechnological research and application, promising significant benefits across the domains of human health, sustainability and the economy. There is broad agreement that gene editing techniques go beyond incremental advances of past biotechnologies. However, harnessing the potentia...
Agreement on a harmonised application of clear statistical definitions of technologies is pertinent to the delineation of technology fields both with regard to each other and within the context of wider economic developments. Biotechnology and nanotechnology are both enabling technologies, which find applications and give rise to innovations in man...
This publication examines the opportunities and challenges, for business and government, associated with technologies bringing about the “next production revolution”. These include a variety of digital technologies (e.g. the Internet of Things and advanced robotics), industrial biotechnology, 3D printing, new materials and nanotechnology. Some of t...
In 2011 the JRC launched a repository for Representative Nanomaterials to support both EU and international research projects, and especially the OECD Working Party on Manufactured Nanomaterials that leads an exploratory programme "Testing a Representative set of Manufactured Nanomaterials", aiming to generate and collect data on characterisation a...
Book Abstract:
Nanotechnology Environmental Health and Safety, Second Edition focuses not only on the impact of nanotechnology and the discipline of nanotoxicity, but also explains each of these disciplines through in the context of management requirements and via risk scenarios — providing an overview of regulation, risk management, and exposure....
Three structures of the form bis(imidazolidine-2-thione)gold(I) disulfonylamide [disulfonyl-amide = benzene-1,2-di(sulfonyl)amide (1), di(4-chlorobenzenesulfonyl)amide (2), di(4-iodobenz-enesulfonyl)amide (3)] were determined. Compound 3 crystallizes with four independent formula units. The cations in 1 and 3 show an antiperiplanar conformation abo...
The European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) provides scientific support to European Union policy also regarding nanotechnology. Over the last three years, the JRC, in collaboration with international public and private partners, focused part of its work on establishing and applying a priority list (NM-Series) of Representative Manufacture...
The synthesis and characterisation of one-dimensional (1 D) crystals that have a wellspecified chemistry, size and crystal structure have presented a formidable challenge for materials chemistry and analysis. We report here the filling of single (SWNTs) and double walled carbon nanotubes (DWNTs) by two different p-block halides, TlCl and PbI2. The...
Single walled carbon nanotubes have been filled with a variety of metal oxides and the structural and morphological characteristics of the metal_oxide@SWNT composites studied. Advanced techniques of software aberrations correction for transmission electron microscopy were used for characterisation. This research shows that, despite their higher rea...
ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The European Commission Joint Research Centre (JRC) provides scientific support to European Union policy regarding nanotechnology and public health in a sustainable environment. Over the last three years, the JRC has focused part of its work on establishing and applying a priority list (NM-Series) of representative manufactured nanomaterials (RMNs)...
ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Book Abstract:
This book tackles the debate over nanotechnology's environmental health and safety (EHS) by thoroughly explaining EHS issues, financial implications, foreseeable risks (i.e. exposure, dose, hazards of nanomaterials), and the implications of occupational hygiene precautions and consumer protections.
Real-world case studies are inclu...
We describe a strategy for fabricating devices on perforated silicon nitride membranes that is ideal for systems with modulated structure, in particular for nanotubes with endohedral inorganic compounds or molecules, or nanotubes externally functionalized with soft materials. It uses dynamic nanostenciling and focussed ion beam while avoiding nanot...
A workshop designed to discuss the broad spectrum of questions which affect the development of nanotechnology and its impact on the social and ethical issues. The main outcome of the workshop was a recommendation to develop a code of conduct, which should be principle based rather than standards-based and should be applicable at various stages of s...
The growth of nanotechnology has led to an unprecedented research and development effort in both the public and the private sectors; world wide, an increasing number of laboratories, fabrication and manufacturing plants develop or apply novel nanometre-sized materials for applications ranging from large-scale industrial materials, to electronic com...
Bis(1,3-thiazolidine-2-thione-κS²)gold(I) bis(4-chlorobenzenesulfonyl)amide, [Au(C3H5NS2)2](C12H8Cl2NS2O4), has no imposed symmetry. Classical N—H⋯N and N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the residues to form chains parallel to the b axis. Weaker interactions involve C—H⋯O, C—H⋯Au and a number of X⋯Cl contacts (X = Cl, S or Au) clustered in the region...
Molecular dynamics computer simulation models are employed to study the direct filling of single-walled carbon nanotubes (which vary in diameter) with an archetypal metal trihalide, LaCl3. The use of relatively simple potential models allows the investigation of details of both the atomistic filling mechanism and the thermodynamic factors controlli...
Multi-walled carbon nanotubes were synthesized by chemical vapor deposition from pure toluene and toluene/diazine mixtures using ferrocene as a catalyst precursor at 760 degrees C. As recently announced, characterization of the resulting nanotube films showed that, unlike pure carbon nanotubes, those grown in the presence of nitrogen have an extrem...
The crystallization of the complex halide PbI2 in discrete and bundled single-walled carbon nanotubes(SWNTs), double-walled carbon nanotubes (DWNTs), and thicker walled nanotubes is described. The nanotubes were produced by either arc synthesis or catalytic chemical vapor deposition. The obtained crystals could be described in terms of 1D fragments...
Multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with an unprecedented degree of internal order were synthesised by chemical vapour deposition (CVD) adding a nitrogen-containing compound to the hydrocarbon feedstock. Ferrocene was used as the metal catalyst precursor. The remarkable crystallinity of these nanotubes lies both in the isochirality and in the cryst...
The novel crystallization properties of nano-materials represent a great challenge to researchers across all disciplines of materials science. Simple binary solids can be found to adopt unprecedented structures, when confined into nanometer-sized cavities, such as the inner cylindrical bore of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT). Lanthanum iodide...
Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2005 in Honolulu, Hawaii, USA, July 31--August 4, 2005.
The alkali-metal iodide double-walled carbon nanotube composites MI@DWNTs (M = K, Cs) have been prepared using a melt-phase filling procedure. The imaging and subsequent structural analysis of the encapsulated metal iodide crystals was performed with a combination of phase restored high-resolution transmission electron microscopy technique, structu...
This brief review describes the crystallisation behaviour of selected lanthanide halides (LnX3, with Ln = La, Ce, Gd and X = Cl, I), confined to the nanometre-sized inner cavity of single-walled carbon nanotubes. The resulting LnX3@SWNT encapsulation composites were characterised using conventional high-resolution transmission electron microscopy t...
Simple binary solids can be found to adopt unprecedented structures when confined into nanometre-sized cavities, such as the inner cylindrical bore of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT). In the case of the discussed Lal(x)@SWNT encapsulation composite, the Lal2 "crystal" fragment adopts the structure of bulk Lal3, with one third of the iodine po...
In this work, we report the purification and characterization of a sample of DWNTs, synthesized by a modified arc-evaporation method. The DWNTs investigated in this study were characterised using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The detailed microstructure of one representative DWNT was obtained by applying a digital image...
Three structures of the form bis(thione)gold(I) di(methanesulfonyl)amide [thione = imidazolidine-2-thione, 1; 1-methyl-imidazolidine-2-thione, 2; thiazolidine-2-thione, 3] were determined; all crystallize with one formula unit in the asymmetric unit. Each N-H hydrogen bond donor forms one classical two-centre hydrogen bond with an anion acceptor. C...
We investigated single-wall carbon nanotubes filled with lead oxide, PbO, by transmission electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. It is concluded that PbO crystallizes in the orthorombic phase forming nanowires inside the nanotubes. The positions of the PbO Raman lines are downshifted as compared to the bulk material as a result of the reduced...
All three structures of the form bis(thione)gold(I) camphor-10-sulfonate [thione = imidazolidine-2-thione, 1; 1-methyl-imidazolidine-2-thione, 2; thiazolidine-2-thione, 3] crystallize in chiral space groups with Z′ = 2; local inversion symmetry of the cationic assemblies (less pronounced for 3) provides some rationalisation for this. The basic stru...
The encapsulation of the simple binary compound Lab within the inner cylindrical bore of a single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) yielded an unprecedented structure of LaI2. The filling material was encapsulated within SWNTs by heating bulk LaI3 in vacuo in the presence of SWNTs. The obtained encapsulation composite was analysed using energy-dispersi...
Carbon nanombes have hollow interiors with internal diameters ranging from 0.5 - 20 nm although more typically 1 - 4 nm. It is now well established that these internal cavities can be filled with crystalline and molecular materials. Filling of single walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) are normally filled by direct mixing of the molten filling material...
We investigated single wall carbon nanotubes filled with lead oxide, PbO, by transmission electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. It is concluded from the positions of the Raman lines that PbO crystalizes in the orthorombic phase inside the nanotubes. The line position of the most prominent PbO line is downshifted in about 5 cm-1 as compared to...
Secondary interactions in the structures of [(etu)2Au] +Cl-·H2O (1), [(etu)2Au] +Cl- (2) and [(Me-etu)2Au]+Cl - (3) (etu = imidazolidine-2-thione) have been analysed. Within the cations, the torsion angle C-S ⋯S-C is effectively the sole degree of freedom, and varies from almost eclipsed for 1 (-20°) via -79° for 2 to exactly 180° in 3. Both 1 and...
Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) can be used as templates for the growth of low-dimensional inorganic materials whose structures and properties often differ greatly from those of the bulk. Here we describe the detailed crystallography of an entire helical one-dimensional cobalt diiodide nanostructure encapsulated within a SWNT. This material...
An approach to the unambiguous determination of the conformation of individual single walled nanotubes utilizing high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and digital image processing is described. The exit plane wave of single walled nanotubes restored from a focal series of images is used in a stepwise characterization procedure utilizing...
Characterisation of a LaI2@(18,3)SWNT encapsulation composite: A 1D LaI2 crystal fragment, adopting the ‘reduced’ structure of LaI3 - Volume 9 Issue S02 - S. Friedrichs, J. Sloan, R. R. Meyer, A. I. Kirkland, J. L. Hutchison, M. L. H. Green
Thesis (Dip.L.A.T.H.E.)--University of Oxford, 2003. Includes bibliography.
Spatially resolved electron loss spectra (EELS) have been recorded for single walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) filled with metastable crystalline AgCI1-xIx. High resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) revealed that the incorporated halide crystals are derived from a 1D wurzite `tunnel' structure with reduced Ag coordination with Cl and...
Unknown in bulk BaI2: Ba coordination numbers of 5 and 6 are present in the one-dimensional (1D) crystal chains formed by BaI2 within single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs). This is revealed by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy images (I). The derived structure model II shows the bond angles measured for equatorial BaI4 units along t...
Unknown in bulk BaI2: Ba coordination numbers of 5 and 6 are present in the one-dimensional (1D) crystal chains formed by BaI2 within single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs). This is revealed by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy images (I). The derived structure model II shows the bond angles measured for equatorial BaI4 units along t...
In makroskopischem BaI2 unbekannt: Ba-Koordinationszahlen 5 und 6 liegen in den eindimensionalen Kristallketten vor, die BaI2 in einwandigen Kohlenstoffnanoröhren (SWNTs) bildet. Dies folgt aus hochauflösenden transmissionselektronenmikroskopischen Aufnahmen (I). Im abgeleiteten Strukturmodell II sind die Bindungswinkel eingetragen, die für die äqu...
High-resolution transmission electron microscopy and spatially resolved electron loss spectroscopy have revealed that a eutectic mixture of AgCl and AgI crystallizes within single walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) as metastable AgCl(1-)(x)I(x) 1D solid solution crystals. The incorporated halide crystals form wurzite "tunnel" structures with locally v...
High resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) studies of single wall carbon nanotubes containing nanocrystals of inorganic salts and other binary compounds show that the confining geometry of the host tubules substantially modifies the local structural and co-ordination properties of the inclusion materials.
Die im Titel genannten Komplexe wurden durch Tieftemperatur-Röntgenbeugung charakterisiert (beide triklin, Raumgruppe P1¯, Z = 1 für M = Mg, Z = 2 für M = Be). Die Strukturen bestehen aus nichtkoordinierenden ortho-Benzoldisulfonimid- Anionen und oktaedrischen [Mg(H2O)6]²⁺ -Kationen mit Inversionssymmetrie bzw. aus tetraedrischen [Be(H2O)4]²⁺ -Kati...
The detailed inclusion crystallography of a one-dimensional valentinite Sb2O3 crystal incorporated within a helical (21, −8) single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) was identified from a phase image that was recovered via a modified object wave restoration scheme. A detailed analysis of asymmetric fringe contrast in the tube walls provided strong evid...
de Die im Titel genannten Komplexe wurden durch Tieftemperatur-Röntgenbeugung charakterisiert (beide triklin, Raumgruppe P1¯, Z = 1 für M = Mg, Z = 2 für M = Be). Die Strukturen bestehen aus nichtkoordinierenden ortho-Benzoldisulfonimid- Anionen und oktaedrischen [Mg(H2O)6]²⁺ -Kationen mit Inversionssymmetrie bzw. aus tetraedrischen [Be(H2O)4]²⁺ -K...
An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and...
An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and...
This thesis is concerned with the synthesis, properties and application of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs). The two main objectives of the work were the development of a continuous-flow synthesis of SWNTs, using chemical vapour deposition (CVD) techniques, and the application of the hollow SWNTs as moulds for the study of the crystallisation...
The encapsulation of halides and other materials within SWNTs makes possible the study of 1D crystal structures formed on the smallest scale possible. For example, we have shown that either 2 Ã 2 or 3 Ã 3 at. layer thick KI crystals can be formed in SWNTs according to their diam. Such crystals have reduced coordination (e.g. all the atoms in the...
Die neuen Verbindungen KZ · H2O (1), RbZ · H2O (2) und NH4Z · H2O (3) mit Z– = N-deprotoniertes ortho-Benzoldisulfonimid sind Beispiele anorganisch-organischer Schichtstrukturen, wobei die anorganische Komponente aus Metall- oder Ammoniumionen, N(SO2)2Gruppen und Wassermolekülen besteht und die äußeren Schichtregionen von den planaren Benzoringen d...
The previously unreported compounds KZ . H2O (1), RbZ . H2O (2) and NH(4)Z . H2O (3), where Z(-) is N-deprotonated ortho-benzenedisulfonimide, are examples of layered inorgano-organic solids, in which the inorganic component is comprised of metal or ammonium cations, N(SO2)(2) groups and water molecules and the outer regions are formed by the plana...
We report the structural solution of a one-dimensional Sb2O3 crystal incorporated within a helical (21,-8) single-walled carbon nanotube. The structures of both the encapsulated crystal and nanotube have been quantified using the phase image recovered via a modified object wave restoration scheme.
The structure of a one-dimensional crystal of Sb2O3 encapsulated within a single-walled carbon nanotube and conformation of the latter have been solved simultaneously by high resolution transmission electron microscopy.
Cluster formation can be induced in situ in SWNTs filled with ZrCl4 by electron beam irradiation of SWNT/ZrCl4 composites within a field emission gun transmission electron microscope (FEGTEM); the process represents a possible route to the synthesis of 1D-quantum dot arrays formed by related materials.
Cluster formation can be induced in situ in SWNTs
filled with ZrCl4 by electron beam irradiation of
SWNT/ZrCl4 composites within a field emission gun transmission
electron microscope (FEGTEM); the process represents a possible route to
the synthesis of 1D-quantum dot arrays formed by related materials.
The synthesis and characterization of 1D crystals that have a well-specified chem., size, and crystal structure have presented a formidable challenge for materials chem. and anal. We report here the filling of single (SWNTs) and double walled C nanotubes (DWNTs) by 2 different p-block halides, TlCl and PbI2. The nanotubes were produced either by th...
The growth behaviour and crystallography of metal halides incorporated within single walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT) has been studied by an enhanced image restoration technique which restores the object wave from a focal series of HRTEM images. This allows the structural characterisation of the encapsulated crystals with a precision not normally ach...
1D crystals of lanthanide halides of the form LnCl3 (Ln = La, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb or Yb) have been inserted into single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) using the molten salt capillary filling method; ca. 20-40% of all the observed SWNTs were filled with melts in the range 650-910 °C with no observable damage to the carbon tubules; high resolution tr...
The formation of 'all surface' 4:4 coordinated KI crystals within 1.4 nm diam. single walled C nanotubes (SWNT) is reported. KI was inserted into the SWNTs by a capillary method (Sloan et al., 1999), whereby the nanotubes were combined intimately with the molten halide. The crystals grew with â©001⪠(relative to bulk KI) parallel to the tubule a...
The use of disulfonylamines as counter-ions allows the synthesis of stable ionic gold(I) complexes with the amine ligands cyclohexylamine, benzylamine, 3-iodobenzylamine, morpholine, pyrrolidine, and piperidine. There is a considerable increase in stability for the morpholine complex compared to the previously synthesised chloro derivative; the ben...
Both ions of the title compound, [Au(C4H8S)2](C6H4NO4S2), display crystallographic twofold symmetry. The Au atom exhibits linear coordination, with Au—S = 2.2948 (14) Å and S—Au—S = 178.47 (9)°. The crystal packing consists of layers of anions connected by C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds; the cations occupy cavities in these layers and the ions are linked by...