Stefano Cozzi

• MS in Chemistry
• Researcher at Italian National Research Council

Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in coastal waters is integral to biogeochemical cycling, but global and regional drivers of DOC are still uncertain. In this study we explored spatial and temporal differences in DOC concentrations and stocks across the global coastal ocean, and how these relate to temperature and salinity. We estimated a global media...

Plain Language Summary In the Southern Ocean, sea ice provides a habitat for sea‐ice algae. These algae play an important role in Southern Ocean food webs by converting carbon dioxide into biomass via photosynthesis—a process known as primary production. Both simplistic calculations and elaborate production models suggest that sea‐ice algae contrib...

Discharge of calved ice, runoff and mixing driven by subglacial discharge plumes likely have consequences for marine biogeochemistry in Disko Bay, which hosts the largest glacier in the northern hemisphere, Sermeq Kujalleq. Glacier retreat and increasing runoff may impact the marine silica cycle because glaciers deliver elevated concentrations of d...

Measurements of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), nitrogen (DON), and phosphorus (DOP) concentrations are used to characterize the dissolved organic matter (DOM) pool and are important components of biogeochemical cycling in the coastal ocean. Here, we present the first edition of a global database (CoastDOM v1; available at 10.1594/PANGAEA.964012, L...

The measurements of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), nitrogen (DON), and phosphorus (DOP) are used to characterize the dissolved organic matter (DOM) pool and are important components of biogeochemical cycling in the coastal ocean. Here, we present the first edition of a global database (CoastDOM v1; available at https://figshare.com/s/512289eb43c4f...

The response of coastal systems to global acidification depends strongly on river inputs, which can alter the total alkalinity (AT) and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in seawater. The northern Adriatic Sea (NAd) is a shallow continental shelf region that currently receives about 15% of the total freshwater input in the Mediterranean Sea, where th...

The effects of changing hydrological and climatic conditions on the dynamics of phosphorus (P) were studied in the Northern Adriatic Sea (NA), a coastal system currently affected by these changes. P limitation is one of the key stresses in the NA and it is a globally important phenomenon in aquatic ecosystems. Therefore, the response to P stress by...

Anthropogenic inputs of nutrients via river runoff are the primary drivers of ecosystem degradation in Chesapeake Bay (CB) and the northern Adriatic Sea (NAS). The annual cycle of river flow is typically unimodal in CB (seasonal peak during spring) and bimodal in the NAS (peaks during April–June and October–December). Dissolved inorganic nitrogen a...

A detailed survey of a high Arctic glacier fjord (Kongsfjorden, Svalbard) was carried out in summer 2016, close to the peak of the meltwater season, in order to identify the effects of glacier runoff on nutrient distributions and the carbonate system. Short‐term weather patterns were found to exert a strong influence on freshwater content within th...

During the last century, human activities have exerted an increasing pressure on coastal ecosystems, primarily inducing their eutrophication, with a more recent partial mitigation of this phenomenon where improvements of environmental management practices were adopted. However, a reanalysis of the pressures on coastal zones and surrounding drainage...

Long-term time series are a fundamental prerequisite to understanding and detecting climate shifts and trends. Understanding the complex interplay of changing ocean variables and the biological implication for marine ecosystems requires extensive data collection for monitoring, hypothesis testing, and validation of modelling products. In marginal s...

Long-term data series (1971–2015) of physical and biogeochemical parameters were analyzed in order to assess trends and variability of oceanographic conditions in the northern Adriatic Sea (NAS), a mid-latitude shallow continental shelf strongly impacted by river discharges, human activities and climate changes. Interpolation maps and statistical m...

A basin-scale oceanographic cruise (OCEANCERTAIN2015) was carried out in the Western Mediterranean (WMED) in summer 2015 to study the evolution of hydrological and biogeochemical properties of the most ubiquitous water mass of the Mediterranean Sea, the Intermediate Water (IW). IW is a relatively warm water mass, formed in the Eastern Mediterranean...

Freshwater discharge from glaciers is increasing across the Arctic in response to anthropogenic climate change, which raises questions about the potential downstream effects in the marine environment. Whilst a combination of long-term monitoring programmes and intensive Arctic field campaigns have improved our knowledge of glacier–ocean interaction...

Long-term time-series are a fundamental prerequisite to understand and detect climate shifts and trends. Understanding the complex interplay of changing ocean variables and the biological implication for marine ecosystems requires extensive data collection for monitoring and hypothesis testing and validation of modelling products. In marginal seas,...

Freshwater discharge from glaciers is increasing across the Artic in response to anthropogenic climate change, which raises questions about the potential downstream effects in the marine environment. Whilst a combination of long-term monitoring programmes and intensive Arctic field campaigns have improved our knowledge of glacier-ocean interactions...

In the last century, large watersheds in Southern Europe have been impacted by a combination of anthropogenic and climatic pressures, which have rapidly evolved to change the ecological status of freshwater and coastal systems. A comparative analysis was performed for Ebro, Rhône, Po and Danube rivers, to investigate if they exhibited differential...

Vessels, specifically ballast water and hull fouling, are a major vector for the introduction of non-indigenous species (NIS) in European seas. The Mediterranean is one of the world's marine regions where their invasion is heaviest. The shallow Adriatic basin is a highly sensitive area that is already experiencing its consequences. The secondary sp...

Antarctic pack ice is inhabited by a diverse and active microbial community reliant on nutrients for growth. Seeking patterns and overlooked processes, we performed a large-scale compilation of macro-nutrient data (hereafter termed nutrients) in Antarctic pack ice (306 ice-cores collected from 19 research cruises). Dissolved inorganic nitrogen and...

Antarctic pack ice is inhabited by a diverse and active microbial community reliant on nutrients for growth. Seeking patterns and overlooked processes, we performed a large-scale compilation of macro-nutrient data (hereafter termed nutrients) in Antarctic pack ice (306 ice-cores collected from 19 research cruises). Dissolved inorganic nitrogen and...

The active deep overturning circulation of the Mediterranean is emerging as one of the most effective mechanisms in transporting the atmospheric imprint on the carbon cycle to the interior of the basin. There is growing evidence that sites of dense water formation over the continental shelf, such as the Northern Adriatic Sea, play a key role in thi...

PERSEUS project aims to identify the most relevant pressures exerted on the ecosystems of the Southern European Seas (SES), highlighting knowledge and data gaps that endanger the achievement of SES Good Environmental Status (GES) as mandated by the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD). A complementary approach has been adopted, by a meta-anal...

Interannual and seasonal variability of the biogeochemical characteristics of fast ice were analysed in relation to ambient conditions, water column properties and ice biota. According to Zubov’s Law, the annual atmospheric cooling should generate 2.5m thick fast ice sheets in this coastal zone, but katabatic wind peaks in July–August often cause i...

This paper presents a winter carbon budget for the Northern Adriatic Sea, obtained through direct measurements during two multidisciplinary cruises and literature data. A box model approach was adopted to integrate estimates of stocks and fluxes of carbon species over the total area. The oligotrophy at the basin scale and the start of primary produ...

In order to assess the role of urea in the Gulf of Trieste, oceanographic data collected from 2002 to 2011 were analyzed together with ancillary ambient information and compared to past studies. The recent levels of urea found in these coastal waters (median = 1.1 μM N, maximum value = 19.7 μM N) are often high and similar to those reported in the...

The seasonal variability of the carbonate system in the waters of the Gulf of Trieste (GoT) was studied at PALOMA station from 2008 to 2009, in order to highlight the effects of biological processes, meteorological forcings and river loads on the dynamics of pHT, CO2 partial pressure (pCO2), dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), carbonate ion concentra...

Runoff and nutrient transport by rivers were analysed in the Northern Adriatic continental shelf, in order to evaluate their interannual and multidecal variability, as well as their current contribution to determine freshwater and nutrient budgets in this marine region. During the years 2004–2007, the runoff in the basin (34.1–64.6 km3 yr_1) was hi...

Hypoxia (HY; [O 2 ] = 1-3 mg/L) and anoxia (AN; [O 2 ] < 1 mg/L) events have occurred in the N Adriatic (NAd) continental shelf both in coastal and offshore waters, at least since the beginning of 1900. Despite several specific studies are available on this phenomenon, a further long-term analysis of their recurrence and triggering mechanisms may i...

Concentration and isotope composition of particulate organic matter were analysed from five coastal sites on the annual fast ice and in the underlying water column at Terra Nova Bay. The highest increases of POC (< 2767 μM C) and PON (< 420 μM N) were reached in bottom ice and the unconsolidated platelet layer, linked with a large accumulation of n...

[1] The Mediterranean Sea presents several biogeochemical anomalies compared to the global ocean. An unbalanced N budget, high nitrate/phosphate ratios in subsurface waters and low 15N/14N ratios in particulate and dissolved nitrogen suggest a significant occurrence of N2 fixation. This study presents, for the first time, a basin-wide overview of d...

Distribution and characteristics of dense waters in the Adriatic Sea were monitored during their formation in winter 2008, and later, in autumn at the end of the seasonal stratification period in the Adriatic Sea. Different types of dense waters were identified on the basis of their physical features. In order to characterised their biogeochemical...

Increasing knowledge of the biogeochemistry of the Mediterranean Sea has been reputed important on global scale since this “semienclosed” sea can be considered as a model for many open-ocean processes, including carbon cycling (Marty J.C., 2002). In particular, dissolved carbon dioxide content of seawater over an area, where anthropogenic influence...

Several biogeochemical data have been collected in the last 10 years of Italian activity in Antarctica (ABIOCLEAR, ROSSMIZE, BIOSESO-I/II). A comprehensive 1-D biogeochemical model was implemented as a tool to link observations with processes and to investigate the mechanisms that regulate the flux of biogenic material through the water column. The...

High-resolution trends of nutrients and DOM are analysed, with respect to nitrate and ammonium uptakes, in two coastal stations placed on the annual land-fast ice at Terra Nova Bay. The highest accumulations of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (87.2 µmol N dm-3), reactive phosphorus (14.1 µmol P dm-3) and reactive silicon (22.9 µmol Si dm-3) were obser...

Discharges of nutrients, urea, dissolved organic matter and heavy metals by a sewage underwater pipeline are analysed in comparison to environmental conditions in a shallow coastal zone. Variable thermo-haline stratifications of the water column and currents in upper (2.62–34.97 cm s) and deeper (0.83–10.91 cm s) layers drive vertical diffusion and...

We investigated organic carbon quantity and biochemical composition, prokaryotic abundance, biomass and carbon production in the annual and platelet sea ice of Terra Nova Bay (Antarctica), as well as the downward fluxes of organic matter released by melting ice during early spring. Huge amounts of biopolymeric C accumulated in the bottom layer of t...

A modern approach to the study of pelagic ecosystems requires both an appropriate spatial and temporal resolution and a synoptic observation. For this reason, it is indispensable a rapid and high-resolution data acquisition along the water column. During the CNR project PRISMA II, four oceanographic cruises were performed in the Northern Adriatic S...

Background and purpose: The partition of the total nitrogen uptake by phytoplankton and bacteria provides basic information on the nutrient cycling in the marine environment and on the plankton community structure. In this work, the combined utilisation of light-dependent incubations and of a treatment with a bactericidal agent was tested as a meth...

The dynamics of the oceanographic properties in Northern Adriatic Sea during the 1997 mucilage event is reported. These observations, compared to a longer time series (1985–1998), indicate that processes on short temporal scales and abrupt changes of the physical and biogeochemical conditions in the basin have a great effect on mucilage events.The...

During the fifteenth Italian Antarctic expedition, in the framework of the Pack Ice Ecosystem Dynamics programme, we investigated structure and functioning of the sympagic communities in the annual pack ice at Terra Nova Bay (74 °41.72′ S, 164 °11.63′ E). From November 1 to November 30 1999, we collected intact sea ice cores and platelet ice sample...

A new application of the diacetyl monoxime method for the determination of dissolved urea in seawater is presented, based on the Alpkem autoanalyzer (OI, Analytical). This system has several advantages over automated methods previously described in the literature. The urea cartridge can be easily built using nut/ferrule connections, and the externa...

Primary production (PP) and nitrate (QNO3) and ammonium (QNH4) uptakes were measured together with other environmental parameters from October 1999 to February 2001 in the Gulf of Trieste (N Adriatic Sea). Their trends showed a high variability because of the combined effects of meteorological conditions, water circulation and river discharges. PP...

The analysis of the mixing processes involving water masses on the Ross Sea continental shelf is one of the goals of the CLIMA project (Climatic Long-term Interactions for the Mass balance in Antarctica). This paper uses extended Optimum MultiParameter analysis (OMP), which is applied to four datasets collected during the cruises of 1994/95, 199...

A detailed description of a portion of the coastal front (February, 1997) is presented in an area of the north-western Adriatic Sea, south of the Po River Delta. The structure and distribution of the lower salinity waters, generated by freshwater advection, were investigated using the CTD data provided by the undulating tow-fish “SARAGO” and modell...

The effects of biological processes on dissolved inorganic nutrients, dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) and phosphorus (DOP) are considered in the north western Adriatic Sea. The budgets of these nutrients, which represent the sum of production and consumption processes in comparison to advection, are discussed with regard to dissolved inorganic nit...

The availability and distribution of the dissolved inorganic and organic fractions of nitrogen (DIN and DON) and phosphorus (DIP and DOP) are extremely variable in the north-western Adriatic Sea. Freshwater inputs, mainly from the Po River, and biological processes significantly affect the nutrient behaviour in this region. The purpose of this cont...

Within the frame of PRISMA 1 "Biogeochemical cycles" research project (April 1995-January 1996) the quantities and the compartments of dissolved nitrogen and phosphorus have been studied in the northern Adriatic basin, considering also the organic pools. The research aimed to provide a better understanding of nutrient availability and to investigat...

Polarographic and voltammetric evidences are reported for the production of intermediates superoxo [Rh]OO and hydroperoxo [Rh]OOH derivatives at the electrode surface, in the reduction of dioxygen in the presence of rhodium bis(dimethylglyoximato) chloro triphenylphosphine, [ClRh(III)(DMG)2(PPh3)] (I), in the absence and in the presence of protons...

The manuscript of M. Vichi and co-authors addresses the causal link between primary production and export flux of organic matter in the Ross Sea at a specific site (station B, located at 175oE, 74oS). The authors compare results of a one-dimensional biogeo- chemical model with observed nutrient concentrations and data from sediment traps. The physi...