
Stefan Josef LindingerUniversity of Gothenburg & University of Salzburg · Department of Food and Nutrition and Sport Science & Department of Sport Science and Kinesiology
Stefan Josef Lindinger
Professor (Full)
About
226
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Introduction
Sport for health; Physical activity and health; Skiing related health and performance projects; Paralympic sport; Cross-country skiing and biathlon; Alpine skiing;
Additional affiliations
Publications
Publications (226)
Background:
Most of the studies about the effects of incline on cross-country skiing are related to the metabolic efficiency. The effective skiing biomechanics has also been indicated to be among the key factors that may promote good performance. The aims of this study were to provide biomechanical characteristics and investigate the relative cont...
Several methods could be used to measure the forces from skis or roller skis in cross-country skiing. Equipment that could measure medio-lateral forces may be of good help for investigating the relevant skating techniques. The aim of this study was to validate a pair of newly designed two-dimensional force measurement roller skis. The vertical and...
This study evaluated two approaches for estimating the total propulsive force on a skier’s center of mass (COM) with double-poling (DP) and V2-skating (V2) skiing techniques. We also assessed the accuracy and the stability of each approach by changing the speed and the incline of the treadmill. A total of 10 cross-country skiers participated in thi...
Purpose:
To investigate the effects of aerodynamic drag and drafting on propulsive force (FPROP), drag area (CDA), oxygen cost (V˙O2), metabolic rate (E˙) and heart rate (HR) during roller skiing on a treadmill in a wind tunnel using the double poling technique. A secondary aim was to investigate the effects of wind versus no-wind test conditions...
PurposeTo analyze the inter-limb coordination patterns and energy recovery of elite cross-country skiers performing double poling (DP).Methods
Thirty-three elite athletes in three track sections of FIS-WC races, with different slopes (2°, 0° and − 1.5°). Stereo vision capture system (50 Hz cameras) and 3D analysis were used to extract: kinematic pa...
In the sport of cross-country skiing, equipment has a direct influence on results. Ski teams do extensive testing of different ski base grinds and products on a yearly basis. To achieve reliable results, the quality of methods used for testing skis needs to be taken in to account in addition to factors including the physical characteristics of test...
Purpose
To biomechanically profile force generation connected to the complex role of the trunk in double poling in a representative sample of Para-Nordic sit-skiers.
Methods
Twelve male World Cup Para-Nordic sit-skiers (sport classes: LW10–12) were skiing on flat snow terrain at submaximal speed of 4.5 m/s (~ 73% maximum speed). 2D video (50 Hz) a...
In Paralympic cross-country sit skiing, athlete classification is performed by an expert panel, so it may be affected by subjectivity. An evidence-based classification is required, in which objective measures of impairment must be identified. The purposes of this study were: (i) to evaluate the reliability of 5 trunk strength measures and 18 trunk...
The 8th International Congress on Science and Skiing was held at the Vuokatti Sport Resort located in the North-East of Finland, March 11‒15, 2019. The congress was hosted by the Vuokatti Sports Technology Unit of the Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Finland. The congress program offered a comprehensive overview of cur...
This study focused on resolving the differences in economy between two common sit-skiing postures used by disabled athletes, suspected to be the most and least effective. Ten experienced non-disabled male cross-country skiers went through an incremental testing protocol with an ergometer simulating double poling in two sitting postures “kneeing” an...
Cross-country skiing (XCS) embraces a broad variety of techniques applied like a gear system according to external conditions, slope topography, and skier-related factors. The continuous detection of applied skiing techniques and cycle characteristics by application of unobtrusive sensor technology can provide useful information to enhance the qual...
This study examined the influence of physical exercise on the relation between shooting accuracy and the phase of the cardiac cycle in which the shot is fired. Thirteen experienced biathletes (8 females, mean age 17 years) fired from the standing position at rest and right after a submaximal exercise on a bicycle ergometer. Shooting accuracy and th...
The International Paralympic Committee mandates the development of an evidence-based classification system, which requires a measure of performance. Performance in cross-country sit-skiing is mainly dependent on force generated during the poling phase and is enhanced by trunk flexion–extension movements. Since all sit-skiers have neuromuscular impa...
Increases in physical (e.g., high-intensity running and sprinting), technical (e.g., passing rate), and tactical (e.g., player density) aspects made elite level soccer more challenging within the past years. The aim of the study was to evaluate whether these evolutions are also been reflected in changes in anthropometric and fitness characteristics...
A world-class cross-country ski player was aimed at a men's time race by the classical style at the 5.3 km course at Vuokatti in Finland. A wearable high-precision Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) was attached to his head in order to detect sub-technique used during the time race. Double poling is important sub-technique for the classical...
In cross-country sit-skiing, the trunk plays a crucial role in propulsion generation and balance maintenance. Trunk stability is evaluated by automatic responses to unpredictable perturbations; however, electromyography is challenging. The aim of this study was to identify a measure to group sit-skiers according to their ability to control the trun...
Consecutive proximal-to-distal sequencing of motion is considered to be integral for generating high velocity of distal segments in many sports. Simultaneous usage of proximal and distal segments as seen in martial arts is by far less well investigated. Therefore, the aim of the study was to characterise and differentiate the concepts of consecutiv...
Introduction:
This study aimed to 1) determine basic physiological demands during a simulated on-snow cross-country skiing (XCS) race when using grip-waxed skis (all classic XCS techniques [CLASSIC]), versus glide-waxed skis for exclusive double poling (DP) and 2) analyze in which track sections DP is different from CLASSIC under controlled glidin...
Compared to junior biathletes, national team biathletes have demonstrated higher hit percentage in rest and better front leg balance in race simulated shooting[1]. The present study investigated differences between age groups. 13 senior (>20 years old) and 10 junior (16-20 years old) biathletes fired 8x5 standing shots at rest (REST) and 2x5 shots...
Arm swing has been shown to lead to greater maximal speed and movement economy in cross‐country skiing. The current study aimed to investigate how arm swing alters skiing mechanics and contributes to performance and acceleration of the athlete's centre of mass (COM). While skiing on snow seven highly skilled cross‐country skiers simulated V2‐altern...
In cross-country sit-skiing all athletes compete in a sitting position, but some of them have the ability to control their trunk more than others. The trunk plays an essential role in two performance determinants: propulsion generation and balance maintenance. The aim of the study is to design a new testing device assessing athletes’ responses to t...
The aim of this study was to identify performance determining factors in biathlon standing shooting in rest and after intense exercise. Eight Finnish national and nine junior team biathletes participated in the study. Participants fired 40 resting shots (REST) and 2*5 competition simulation shots (LOAD) after 5 min of roller skiing at 95% of peak h...
A world-class cross-country ski player was aimed at a men's time race by the classical style at the 5.3 km course in Finland Vuokatti. At that time, high-precision GNSS was attached to the head and video camera was attached to the lumbar region of the player to detect sub-technique used during the time race. As a result of comparing the type and fr...
We have measured the 3D course profile of a cross-country ski course at Vuokatti in Finland using a survey-grade real-time kinematic GPS, Trimble R8, which has millimeter-level positioning accuracy. We have also measured the course profile at the same time using three GPS/GNSS receivers, AT-H-02, Physilog4 and Galaxy S5, and compared the positionin...
National soccer associations and professional clubs spend an increasing amount of money aiming to provide their talented players an optimized environment to achieve future elite level (Reilly, Bangsbo & Franks, 2000). In Austria, since 2001, youth soccer players have been systematically drafted nationwide into local bases (U11-U14) and soccer acade...
This study investigated how the fatigue caused by a 20 km simulated skating cross-country skiing race on snow affects the final spurt performance from a biomechanical perspective. Subjects performed a 100 meter maximal skiing trial before and at the end of the simulated race. Cycle characteristics, ground reaction forces from skis and poles, and mu...
The purpose of this paper was to present and evaluate a methodology to determine the contribution of bilateral leg and pole thrusts to forward acceleration of the centre of mass (COM) of cross-country skiers from multi-dimensional ground reaction forces and motion capture data. Nine highly skilled cross-country (XC) skiers performed leg skating and...
Aim of this study was to identify performance determining factors in biathlon standing shooting.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the biomechanics of cross-country sit-skiing in simulated and natural skiing. Thirteen international level athletes participated in a ski ergometer test (simulated conditions) and a test on snow in a ski-tunnel (natural conditions) using their personal sit-ski. Tests in both conditions were performed at...
This study explored the influence of sub-maximal cardiovascular load on electroencephalographic (EEG) activity preceding biathlon shooting. Frontal-midline theta and alpha power were examined to assess monitoring processes and cortical inhibition, respectively. Thirteen experienced biathletes (mean age: 17years; 5 males, 8 females) fired sets of fi...
All the countries that compete in Nordic skiing spend considerable time and effort on equipment testing. Field tests are used by everyone, but also scientific research methods using inertial measurement units and a special ski tester have been developed and published, in particular to study the gliding properties of the skis. Standing Paralympic sk...
Purpose:
To identify biomechanical predictors that distinguish between high and low score athletes in biathlon shooting, and to determine the relationships among these variables in field testing.
Methods:
Twenty two biathletes (8 female, 14 male) from the World Cup, the European Cup and a federal youth squad each fired 3 clips of 5 shots in pron...
Since trunk function plays a major role in propulsion in sit-skiers and athletes belonging to distinct classes have different abilities to control trunk muscles, the aim of this study is to evaluate how athletes personalized their skiing strategy to compensate their impairment and improve skiing effectiveness.
Sixteen Paralympic sit-skiers belongin...
The aim was to examine how skiers control skiing speed using V2-skating. Subjects skied with three submaximal and maximal speeds on 100 m 4° uphill. Cycle variables and force parameters form the arms and legs were analysed. Cycle rate increased up to the maximum speed. Cycle length increased from the slowest speed to the all other speeds. Pole forc...
Abhängig von Rahmenbedingungen und Intentionen haben sich verschiedene Kampfarten und -techniken entwickelt. Unterschiedliche körperliche Voraussetzungen bei Frauen und Männern führen zu der Frage der geschlechterabhängigen Anwendbarkeit existierender Bewegungskonzepte. Ziel dieser Studie war die Analyse von Faustschlägen mit simultanem bzw. konsek...
The aim of this pilot study was to determine the pressure distribution, symmetry of load between operated (OP) and non-operated (NOP) leg, and pain level during alpine skiing in participants with unilateral total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The responses of the dependent variables were analyzed following a 10-week guided skiing intervention of 2-3 day...
The aim of the study was to examine the effect of a 12-week recreational skiing intervention on functional gait performance in people with unilateral total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Twenty-three older adults (71 ± 5 years) were assigned to the intervention (IG) or control group (CG). Test time and ground reaction forces (GRF) were recorded at pre- a...
This study investigated the effect of a 12-week recreational skiing intervention on lower limb muscle strength and cardiorespiratory fitness in participants with unilateral total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Twenty-seven older adults (70 ± 5 years) were assigned to the intervention (n = 13) or control group (n = 14) after surgery (2.5 ± 1 years). Leg m...
Laboratory Tunnel flat Tunnel uphill Female 3.72 ± 0.38 6.29 ± 0.33 4.93 ± 0.54 Male 4.64 ± 0.42 7.05 ± 0.45 5.88 ± 0.52 All 4.35 ± 0.59 6.81 ± 0.55 5.58 ± 0.68 INTRODUCTION: Conducting tests during competition can be extremely hard related to technological difficulties (Gastaldi et al. 2012). To evaluate if laboratory trials can be used as an alte...
Einleitung Abhängig von Rahmenbedingungen und Intentionen haben sich verschiedene Kampfarten und -techniken entwickelt. Unterschiedliche körperliche Voraussetzungen bei Frauen und Männern führen zu der Frage der geschlechterabhängigen Anwendbarkeit existierender Bewegungskonzepte. Ziel dieser Studie war die Analyse von Faustschlägen mit simultanem...
The aim of the current study was to examine postural balance, rifle stability and shooting performance in biathletes, analysing the basic precision shooting skills without physical load in different performance groups. Therefore, kinematic and kinetic data from the World Cup (WC; n = 8), the European Cup (EC; n = 13) and a federal youth athletes' s...
This study sought to ascertain how multi-dimensional coordination patterns changed with five poling speeds for 12 National Standard cross-country skiers during roller skiing on a treadmill. Self-organizing maps (SOMs), a type of artificial neural network, were used to map the multi-dimensional time series data on to a two-dimensional output grid. T...
The aim of the present study was to design, construct and scientifically validate a two-dimensional force measurement binding system for cross-country skiing. The system consists of two force measurement bindings. One binding was designed for analysing classic skiing (vertical and anterior–posterior [along the ski] force components) and the other o...
The aim of the present study was to examine how different gliding conditions of skis affect performance, cycle characteristics and leg and pole force production during V2 skating. Ten elite skiers skied on 100 m uphill (4°) at three different constant speeds (4.0, 4.8 and 5.6 m/s) and maximum speed using two differently prepared skating skis (fast...