Stefan Hertwig

• Natural History Museum Bern

The tadpoles of many anuran amphibians inhabit lotic habitats and evolved oral devices to adhere to the substratum. Although published anatomical descriptions of rheophilous tadpoles exist, little is known about the modifications in gastromyzophorous tadpoles that possess abdominal suckers and live in torrential sections of streams. We describe the...

While Bufo bufois widespread in Europe, the closely related B. spinosusis parapatrically distributed in Western Europe and Northern Africa. The exact course of the contact zone between both taxa, however, is still unknown. 24 samples from Switzerland were analysed using mitochondrial and nuclear markers combined with 243 previously published sample...

The megophryid frogs Leptobrachella brevicrus, Leptolalax dringi and Megophrys dringi are species exclusively known from highly localised areas in isolated mountain ranges on Borneo. The tadpoles and adults in this study were collected at the shared type locality for the three species in Gunung Mulu National Park, Sarawak, Malaysia (Borneo). The sp...

Aim The Neotropical parrots (Arini) are an unusually diverse group which colonized South America in the Oligocene. The newly invaded Neotropics may have functioned as an underused adaptive zone and provided novel ecological opportunities that facilitated diversification. Alternatively, diversification may have been driven by ecological changes caus...

Specialization to nectarivory is associated with radiations within different bird groups, including parrots. One of them, the Australasian lories, were shown to be unexpectedly species-rich. Their shift to nectarivory may have created an ecological opportunity promoting species proliferation. Several morphological specializations of the feeding tra...

Appendix S1. Mathematical Appendix.

Table S2. Species sampled, Museum and collection number, GenBank Accession numbers for the four genes analyzed.

Table S1. Number of individuals analyzed for each morphological trait.

A new species of stream toad of the genus Ansonia is described from Gunung Murud, Pulong Tau National Park, of northern Sarawak, Malaysia, Borneo. Ansonia vidua, sp. nov., is morphologically distinguished from its Bornean congeners by the following combination of characters: medium size (SVL of adult females 33.5-34.4 mm); body uniformly black-brow...

A new brightly-coloured (olive and red) species of microhylid frog of the genus Calluella Stoliczka 1872 is described from the upper elevations of Gunung Penrissen and the Matang Range, Sarawak, East Malaysia (Borneo). Calluella capsa, new species, is diagnosable in showing the following combination of characters: SVL up to 36.0 mm; dorsum weakly g...

Tadpoles of Occidozyga species have been reported to be carnivorous, feeding on insects and other tadpoles. We present photographic evidence for the previously undocumented larval feeding behavior in O. baluensis. Furthermore, we present a detailed anatomical description of the skull, cranial musculature, and gross gut morphology based on three-dim...

Reconstructing evolutionary patterns of reproductive behaviour in Bornean rhacophorid tree frogs (Amphibia: Anura: Rhacophoridae).

Disparity versus diversity and the role of ecological opportunity in the evolution of Neotropical parrots.

Schweizer, M., Güntert, M. & Hertwig, S. T. (2012). Out of the Bassian province: historical biogeography of the Australasian platycercine parrots (Aves, Psittaciformes). — Zoologica Scripta , 42 , 13–27. Aridification from mid‐Miocene onwards led to a fragmentation of mesic biomes in Australia and an expansion of arid habitats. This influenced the...

This communication reports the discovery of the hitherto unknown larval forms of Rhacophorus rufipes and R. penanorum, and re-describes the tadpole of R. dulitensis. Tadpoles of all three species were discovered at Gunung Mulu National Park, Sarawak (Borneo), Malaysia. The identity of the larvae was determined by DNA barcoding techniques using part...

The parrot genus Prioniturus occurs in the oceanic Philippines, Palawan and Wallacea, a geologically dynamic region with a complex history of land and sea. The described taxa of Prioniturus have been variously placed in different assemblages, and different numbers of species have been recognized. However, a phylogenetic framework is so far lacking....

Hertwig, S., Das, I., Schweizer, M., Brown, R., & Haas, A. (2011). Phylogenetic relationships of the Rhacophorus everetti-group and implications for the evolution of reproductive modes in Philautus (Amphibia: Anura: Rhacophoridae). —Zoologica Scripta, 41, 29–46. This study presents the first phylogenetic analysis of the enigmatic Rhacophorus everet...

As a result of strong artificial selection, the domesticated dog has arguably become one of the most morphologically diverse vertebrate species, which is mirrored in the classification of around 400 different breeds. To test the influence of breeding history on the genetic structure and variability of today's dog breeds, we investigated 12 dog bree...

Aim Parrots are thought to have originated on Gondwana during the Cretaceous. The initial split within crown group parrots separated the New Zealand taxa from the remaining extant species and was considered to coincide with the separation of New Zealand from Gondwana 82–85 Ma, assuming that the diversification of parrots was mainly shaped by vicari...

Statistical analyses of 60 cranial and six postcranial characters of 105 domestic cats and 77 wildcats from Slovakia showed that the two forms can be separated on the basis of just a few morphometric traits. To test the distinguishing power of these characters we first pre-classified the specimens of our sample as wildcat or domestic cat on the bas...

The present study reports the discovery of the hitherto unknown breeding grounds of the large-billed reed warbler Acrocephalus orinus in the Badakhshan region of Tajikistan. A total of eight adult individuals were caught at three riverine woodland sites and breeding was confirmed at one locality. The identity of the birds was confirmed on the basis...

We describe the external morphology of tadpoles of Ansonia longidigita Inger, 1960, A. minuta Inger, 1960, and A. platysoma Inger, 1960 from East Malaysia, Borneo. Specimens were collected from small to medium-sized streams with swift current in Sarawak State. Tadpole identities were confirmed by matching tadpole genetic sequences (16S mtRNA) to se...

The medaka, Oryzias latipes, is a model organism in experimental biology. Its ontogeny and osteology have been studied frequently, but no detailed description of its cranial anatomy exists. Based on manual dissections, histological slide sections, and 3D-reconstructions, we describe the anatomy of the jaw apparatus of O. latipes, focusing on muscul...

Vicariance is thought to have played a major role in the evolution of modern parrots. However, as the relationships especially of the African taxa remained mostly unresolved, it has been difficult to draw firm conclusions about the roles of dispersal and vicariance. Our analyses using the broadest taxon sampling of old world parrots ever based on 3...

The horn of ungulate grazers offers a valuable isotopic record of their diet and environment. However, there have been no reports of the spatio-temporal variation of the isotopic composition of horns. We investigated patterns of carbon (delta(13)C) and nitrogen (delta(15)N) isotopic composition along and perpendicular to the horn axis in Capra ibex...

While the western populations of the wildcat (Felis silvestris silvestris) in Germany come into contact with wildcats in France and Switzerland, the eastern distribution area is geographically completely isolated and consists of scattered subpopulations. To investigate population structure, evolutionary relationships and degree of hybridization wit...

Germany’s large population of wildcats (Felis silvestris silvestris) can be clearly distinguished from domestic cats on the basis of morphological characters. However, an examination of 71 specimens from Thuringia also illustrates the risks involved in using only a few such characters. The most reliable tool for identification in the field are thre...

Last-century changes of alpine meadows water-use efficiency - assessment by time-series analysis of the carbon isotope composition of horns of an alpine grazer Capra ibex

This study presents a cladistic analysis of the Cyprinodontiformes based on a comparative anatomical examination of 95 species. Seventy-eight characters of musculature, connective tissue elements and nervous system of the jaw apparatus are described, in many cases for the first time. In order to investigate the contribution of such soft tissue trai...

The bizarre larvae of Leptobrachella mjobergi are fossorial and live in the gravel beds of small streams. These tadpoles are vermiform in body shape. Here we present details on their skeleton and musculature, particularly of the head. The entire cranium and its associated musculature are reconstructed in three dimensions from serial histological se...

Genes selected for a phylogenetic study need to contain conserved information that reflects the phylogenetic history at the specific taxonomic level of interest. Mitochondrial ribosomal genes have been used for a wide range of phylogenetic questions in general and in anuran systematics in particular. We checked the plausibility of phylogenetic reco...