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Introduction
Additional affiliations
March 2007 - present
January 1997 - February 2007
January 1988 - December 1996
Education
August 1984 - December 1987
Publications
Publications (204)
In popular use of Bayesian phylogenetics, a default branch-length prior is almost universally applied without knowing how a different prior would have affected the outcome. We performed Bayesian and maximum likelihood (ML) inference of phylogeny based on empirical nucleotide sequence data from a family of lichenized ascomycetes, the Psoraceae, the...
Many lichen fungi form symbioses with filamentous Nostoc cyanobacteria, which cause the lichen to swell and become extremely gelatinous when moist. Within the Lecanoromycetes, such gelatinous lichens are today mainly classified in the Collemataceae (Peltigerales, Ascomycota). We performed Bayesian MCMC, maximum likelihood, and maximum parsimony ana...
Ancestral state reconstructions of morphological or ecological traits on molecular phylogenies are becoming increasingly frequent. They rely on constancy of character state change rates over trees, a correlation between neutral genetic change and phenotypic change, as well as on adequate likelihood models and (for Bayesian methods) prior distributi...
We report 22 lichenised fungi as new to Sweden, of which nine are also new to Fennoscandia and one new to Europe. The newly reported species are Agonimia flabelliformis, Carneothele sphagnicola, Lecania madida, Lecanora horiza, L. subravida, L. subsaligna, Lecidea subhumida, L. toensbergii, Micarea coppinsii, M.
isidioprasina, M. microsorediata, M....
Four species of Bacidina (Ramalinaceae, Lecanorales, Ascomycota) are described as new to science from northern Europe (mainly Swedish material): Bacidina ferax S.Ekman, Bacidina lignicola S.Ekman, Bacidina maculans S.Ekman and Bacidina populnea S.Ekman. Another two species are resurrected from synonymy: Bacidina caerulea (Körb.) S.Ekman (based on B...
A new genus named Dendrodacrys is proposed for a monophyletic group in Dacrymycetaceae, containing species with pulvinate to depressed basidiocarps, distinctly branched hymenial hyphidia, and up to 3-septate mature basidiospores. Four taxa in this group, occurring in Europe, are proposed as new species, viz. De. ciprense, De. concrescens, De. ellip...
Three lichens and six lichenicolous fungi are reported from Sweden for the first time. The lichens are Aphanopsis coenosa, Protoparmelia ochrococca and Scoliciosporum gallurae and the lichenicolous fungi are Chaenothecopsis retinens, Neobarya peltigerae, Roselliniella nephromatis, Stigmidium rouxianum, S. tabacina and Verrucula hladuniana. Four of...
The genus Coreomyces (Laboulbeniaceae, Laboulbeniomycetes, Ascomycota) includes minute parasites on water boatmen (Corixidae, Hemiptera, Insecta). This taxonomic study is primarily based on freshly sampled corixids infected by Coreomyces from Sweden, although a few samples from Denmark and Turkey were also included. All records were verified using...
We discuss the taxonomy of three species of Bacidia occurring in insular Laurimacaronesia. Two of them, B. amylothelia (Vain.) Vain. and B. endoleucoides (Nyl.) Zahlbr., which were previously described from Angola and Madeira, respectively, are found here to belong in Bacidia s. str. (Ramalinaceae). Modern descriptions and illustrations are provide...
We present a multilocus phylogeny of the class Dacrymycetes , based on data from the 18S, ITS, 28S, RPB1 , RPB2 , TEF-1α , 12S, and ATP6 DNA regions, with c. 90 species including the types of most currently accepted genera. A variety of methodological approaches was used to infer phylogenetic relationships among the Dacrymycetes , from a supermatri...
Lichens are widely acknowledged to be a key component of high latitude ecosystems. However, the time investment needed for full inventories and the lack of taxonomic identification resources for crustose lichen and lichenicolous fungal diversity have hampered efforts to fully gauge the depth of species richness in these ecosystems. Using a combinat...
(2687) Proposal to conserve the name Phyllopsora against Triclinum and Crocynia (Ramalinaceae, lichenized Ascomycota)
2019. Additions to the lichen flora of Fennoscandia III. Graphis Scripta 31 (5): 34-46. Oslo. ISSN 2002-4495. Six lichen-forming fungi, Ameliella grisea, Bacidina mendax, B. modesta, Biatora chrysanthoides, B. radicicola and Micarea sambuci, as well as seven lichenicolous fungi, Adelococcus alpestris, Heteroacanthella ellipsospora, Llimoniella cata...
Species identification in the tropical lichen genus Phyllopsora is generally challenging and is based on ascospore morphology, vegetative dispersal units, thallus structure and secondary chemistry. As several type specimens are in poor condition and difficult to interpret, it is often unclear how these old names fit with the currently used taxonomy...
Biatoraalnetorum S. Ekman & Tønsberg, a lichenised ascomycete in the family Ramalinaceae (Lecanorales, Lecanoromycetes), is described as new to science. It is distinct from other species of Biatora in the combination of mainly three-septate ascospores, a crustose thallus forming distinctly delimited soralia that develop by disintegration of convex...
Since the late 1800s, mycologists have been detecting fungi above and beyond the assumed single fungus in lichen thalli [1-6]. Over the last century, these fungi have been accorded roles ranging from commensalists to pathogens. Recently, Cyphobasidiales yeasts were shown to be ubiquitous in the cortex layer of many macrolichens [7], but for most sp...
The Ramalinaceae is the fourth-largest family of lichenized ascomycetes with 42 genera and 913 species exhibiting considerable morphological variation. Historically, generic boundaries in the Ramalinaceae were primarily based on morphological characters. However, molecular systematic investigations of subgroups revealed that current taxonomy is at...
To study position specificity in the insect-parasitic fungal genus Coreomyces (Laboulbeniaceae, Laboulbeniales), we sampled corixid hosts (Corixidae, Heteroptera) in southern Scandinavia. We detected Coreomyces thalli in five different positions on the hosts. Thalli from the various positions grouped in four distinct clusters in the resulting gene...
Recent finds of Leightoniella zeylanensis, classified variously in the Collemataceae and Pannariaceae, enabled us to generate DNA sequence data for investigating its phylogenetic affiliation. Newly generated sequence data from the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and the large subunit of the nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrLSU), the small subunit...
Nomenclatural type definitions are one of the most important concepts in biological nomenclature. Being physical objects that can be re-studied by other researchers, types permanently link taxonomy (an artificial agreement to classify biological diversity) with nomenclature (an artificial agreement to name biological diversity).
Two proposals to am...
We aim to increase understanding and improve taxonomy of seven names currently treated in Bacidia that were described from Russian territory based on material collected during 19th-century expeditions: Bacidia alborussula, B. freshfieldii, B. graminum, B. indigens, B. primigenia, B. subabbrevians, and B. xylophila. B. alborussula, B. graminum, and...
We present taxonomic, distributional and ecological notes on Fennoscandian crustose lichens and lichenicolous fungi, based on new collections as well as revision of herbarium material. Two new combinations are proposed: Frutidella furfuracea comb. nov. for F. pullata and Puttea duplex comb. nov. for Fellhanera duplex. Lecidea byssoboliza, L. carneo...
We have developed a reliable technique for extracting DNA from single microscopic fungal thalli, including efficient cell disruption and transfer of cell content for subsequent polymerase chain reaction ( PCR ). The technique was primarily developed for members of the ascomycete order Laboulbeniales, which are minute fungi with tough cell walls tha...
Austroplaca subtiroliensis, Gyalidea lecideopsis, Phacographa protoparmeliae, Placynthium pulvinatum and Solorina octospora are reported new to Sweden. Several other rare or rarely collected lichens are also reported: Absconditella annexa, Arthrorhaphis vacillans, Farnoldia micropsis, Gyalidea polyspora, Ionaspis ventosa, Lecanora lecanoricola, L....
Fellhaneropsis almquistiorum S. Ekman, a lichenized ascomycete in the family Pilocarpaceae (Lecanorales, Lecanoromycetes) is described as new to science. It is characterized by the thin and filmy crustose thallus, small photobiont, apothecia with a yellowish to black disk and well developed black margin that becomes excluded with age, dark green an...
This paper aims to clarify taxonomy and nomenclature of the lichen Bacidia coprodes and its closest relatives in Europe and North America. Bacidia coprodes as treated in recent works was found to consist of three distinct species in Europe and North America, the correct names of which are B. coprodes (s. str.), B. notarisiana, and B. granosa. In ad...
We estimated phylogeny in the lichen-forming ascomycete family Pannariaceae. We specifically modelled spatial (across-site) heterogeneity in nucleotide frequencies, as models not incorporating this heterogeneity were found to be inadequate for our data. Model adequacy was measured here as the ability of the model to reconstruct nucleotide diversity...
The new genus Brianaria S. Ekman & M. Svensson is introduced for the Micarea sylvicola group, with the new combinations Brianaria bauschiana (Körb.) S. Ekman & M. Svensson, B. lutulata (Nyl.) S. Ekman & M. Svensson, B.
sylvicola (Flot. ex Körb.) S. Ekman & M. Svensson and B. tuberculata (Sommerf.) S. Ekman & M. Svensson. The new genus is character...
The new generic name Bryobilimbia is proposed for Lecidea hypnorum and the closely related taxa Lecidea ahlesii var. ahlesii, L. ahlesii var. nemoralis, L. diapensiae, L. sanguineoatra and Mycobilimbia australis. A phylogenetic analysis based on five genes shows that Lecidea berengeriana does not belong to this group but is more closely related to...
The old beech forest (250–300 yr) at Bjurkärr (core area 30 ha) in the province of Småland, S Sweden, was surveyed for epiphytic lichens of conservation concern in 1993–94. Several rare red-listed lichens were recorded, many with large populations.
In 2011 the most endangered lichens were resurveyed because of the incorporation
of Bjurkärr in the f...
The family Parmeliaceae (Lecanorales, Ascomycota) is possibly the largest, best known and most thoroughly studied lichen family within its order. Despite this fact the relationship between Parmeliaceae and other groups in Lecanorales is still poorly known. The aim of the present study is to contribute to finding the sister group of Parmeliaceae as...
A taxonomic and biogeographic overview of the genus Myrionora is provided. Two species are recognized, M. albidula (Willey) R. C. Harris and M. pseudocyphellariae (Etayo) S. Ekman & Palice comb. nov. The genus is characterized by polysporous asci, the presence of crystals in the hymenium and proper exciple that partly consist of lobaric acid, and a...
North European epiphytic lichens are often genetically impoverished compared with their North American counterparts. This has been hypothesized to impede sexual reproduction due to reduced chances of finding compatible mating type partners. We compared genetic variation and reproductive mode in two threatened Scandinavian lichens, Evernia divaricat...
A taxonomic and biogeographic overview of the genus Myrionora is provided. Two species are recognized, M. albidula (Willey) R. C. Harris and M. pseudocyphellariae (Etayo) S. Ekman & Palice comb. nov. The genus is characterized by polysporous asci, the presence of crystals in the hymenium and proper exciple that partly consist of lobaric acid, and a...
Surveys of lichens and lichenicolous fungi have been taking place in the U.S. state of Alaska for more than 160 years, but until now assessing the full extent of their diversity has been hampered by the lack of a comprehensive and synonymized baseline inventory. In this paper we will begin to redress this by resolving outstanding nomenclatural issu...
During angiosperm evolution, innovations in vegetative and reproductive organs have resulted in tremendous morphological diversity, which has played a crucial role in the ecological success of flowering plants. Morindeae (Rubiaceae) display considerable diversity in growth form, inflorescence architecture, flower size, and fruit type. Lianescent ha...
Morphological characters can vary to an extent that makes it difficult to separate the two morphologically and chemically similar species Xanthoria aureola and X. parietina for an inexperienced field biologist. They occur frequently in mixed stands on seashore rocks on the western coast of Norway. We examined (1) whether a simple method like RAPD-P...
Bacidina etayana and B. saxenii are reported as new to Sweden from the provinces of Jämtland and Dalarna, respectively. B. etayana was found on a wooden pole lying on the ground in semi-shade close to a barn surrounded by a grove and cultivated fields. B. saxenii was found on a rock slab just below a barn wall situated at the edge of a cultivated f...
The Tremellomycetes (Agaricomycotina, Basidiomycota, Fungi) are a nutritionally heterogeneous group comprising saprotrophs, animal parasites, and fungicolous species (fungal-inhabiting, including lichen-inhabiting). The relationships of many species, particularly those with a lichenicolous habit, have never been investigated by molecular methods. W...
The phylogeny of the family Pannariaceae (Lecanorales, lichenized Ascomycota) was investigated using ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 nuclear ribosomal DNA sequences representing 21 species. Phylogenetic estimations were performed using parsimony and a Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) tree sampling procedure. Several phylogenetic null hypotheses were tested,...
The recently described genus Vahliella (Peltigerales, Ascomycetes) has repeatedly appeared outside the Pannariaceae in molecular phylogenies. Here we include data from additional species of the genus and utilize mtSSU rDNA and RPB1 sequences to confirm its placement as the sister to a group consisting of Lobariaceae, Massalongiaceae, Nephromataceae...
We tested whether the conspicuous lichen Lobaria pulmonaria indicates the number of tree‐dependent, red‐listed species in a hemiboreal forest in southern Sweden. In 18 naturally regenerated, mainly old deciduous forest plots considered to be of high or very high conservation value, the number of red‐listed tree lichens or wood beetles was not posit...
Bacidia rosellizans S. Ekman is described as new to science. Morphologically, the new species is similar to the type species of the genus, B. rosella (Pers.) De Not., particularly in the pale pink and pigment-deficient apothecia and in having the proper exciple and upper part of the hymenium inspersed with minute crystals that consist at least part...
The objective of this study was to estimate the dispersal rate in an organism assumed to be confined to tree stands with unbroken continuity. We used the lichen-forming ascomycete Cliostomum corrugatum, which is largely confined to old oak stands. Five populations, with pairwise distances ranging from 6.5 to 83 km, were sampled in Östergötland, sou...
Recent surveys of the inland rain forests of British Columbia and adjacent regions have brought to light an unexpectedly rich epiphytic lichen flora, including several species apparently new to science. In the first of a series of papers, we describe eight species discovered during these surveys as new: Absconditella amabilis T. Sprib. (Ostropales)...
The following names are lectotypified: Polygonum amphibium, P. foliosum, P. hydropiper, P. lapathifolium ssp. leptocladum, P. pallidum and P. persicaria, Polygonum persicaria var. incana is neotypified. Polygonum ruderale is a superfluous nomenclatural synonym of P. persicaria. The following new combinations are made: Persicaria lapathifolia ssp. p...
The phylogeny of the families Lecanoraceae and Bacidiaceae (Lecanorales, Ascomycota) was investigated using 29 nuclear small subunit ribosomal DNA sequences, 9 of which were newly determined. The data set contained 368 variable characters, 234 of which were parsimony-informative. Phylogenetic estimations were performed with maximum parsimony and ma...
Bacidia thyrrenica is described as a new species from the Mediterranean region. It is similar to B. fraxinea and B. rosella. Bacidia thyrrenica is distinguished from B. fraxinea based on evenly distributed crystals in the exciple and upper hymenium that dissolve in KOH, and shorter and narrower ascospores with 5-7 septa. B. thyrrenica is distinguis...
The molecular phylogeny of the lichen genus Lecania was investigated using nucleotide sequences from the mt-SSU rRNA, the ITS region of the nu-rDNA, and the RNA polymerase II second largest subunit. Forty-six species representing Lecania and other genera likely to influence the phylogeny were included in the study. Phylogenetic reconstructions were...
In order to examine genetic variation and population structure of the widespread lichen-forming ascomycete Xanthoria parietina from similar habitats, but different sites in Scandinavia, we investigated seven populations in Scania, southernmost Sweden, and compared the results with a corresponding study on Storfosna, central Norway. Sequence variati...
Bacidia coprodes (Körb.) Lettau, until now treated as a synonym of Bacidia trachona (Ach.) Lettau, is resurrected. Morphological, chemical and ecological characteristics place this species close to Toninia in the Ramalinaceae, but we retain it in Bacidia because of uncertainties in the generic taxonomy of this family. Bacidia coprodes is fairly wid...
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