Srinivasan RamaniInternational Institute of Information Technology Bangalore | IIITB
Srinivasan Ramani
PhD
About
66
Publications
66,268
Reads
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340
Citations
Introduction
Srinivasan Ramani is a Retired Professor, who had taught at the International Institute of Information Technology Bangalore. Srinivasan does research in Educational Technology, Artificial Intelligence and Computer Communication.
Additional affiliations
November 2007 - December 2011
Publications
Publications (66)
India heaved a sigh of relief when rescue workers brought out 41 trapped men on the 28 th of November 23. We owe a big thank-you to all agencies involved, led by the National and State Disaster Management agencies. The last two days of the 17-day rescue saga had some important lessons. The rescuers called in the army along with six rat-hole miners,...
Generative AI systems produce articles and images in an automated manner. They may contain errors and misleading information. This article suggests a solution to the problem of such content confusing readers.
I spent sometime today "talking" to Chat GPT through the Chrome Browser. Many of my questions were "why" questions such as "Why is the sky blue?". One question was "What would happen if ice were to be dense enough to sink in water?" I was quite impressed by the responses. I would advise readers never to use a chat interview to hire an employee. The...
The International Space Station has served its purpose. We need something ambitious to follow it. We do not know how long the James Webb Telescope will be useful. There is no way to repair it if it develops problems. Creating a semi-permanent post on Mars could be costly and risky. We have to consider a semi-permanent set up on a trojan asteroid. T...
Invited contribution.
Technology has changed the office environment a lot. The Covid-19 pandemic has changed it particularly fast. The article visualizes possible and necessary changes in future. It deals with changes to the air-conditioning, changes to disease monitoring, and to information sharing. It proposes pre-fabricated cubicles that can be...
The COVID-19 Pandemic will cause significant changes in the way we live and work. Internet and TV have already played big roles in humanity's coping with the pandemic, by quick and reliable sharing of information. In comparison, Journals have done poorly. Smart phones have been used with apps to alert users about exposure to infected persons and to...
Suppose that a Jumbo jet crashed, killing all passengers in it, every day in India. A similar number of deaths occurs due to road accidents every day (377 deaths/day, or approximately 137,605 deaths/year). The country is not able to do much to reduce the number of these accidents. I believe that our engineering colleges should do R & D to reduce th...
As I write this article, I feel like a little boy in front of the blue fairy (Collodi, The adventures of Pinocchio, [1]), asking her to grant me a few wishes. The fairy I address is human ingenuity, the collective abilities of millions of humans to innovate their way out to a better life. I would be very satisfied even if a few hundred engineers an...
Communications of the Computer Society of India, June 2017
The graphical user interface (GUI) involving icons, and point and click was a great invention; so is access to a webpage through the use of a multi-word search string. Like a screwdriver and a hammer, they are complementary. One does not replace the other. Website designers have to consider providing access to their webpages using multi-word search...
This note considers some issues involved in dropping a few tons of a selected "heavy element" such as Germanium into the solar chromosphere. The idea is to create an unusual flare releasing energy in parts of the spectrum in which a star radiates little except possibly when it erupts as a supernova. The idea is to send a signal which could be detec...
The universe is quite dark in parts of the spectrum defined by heavy element spectral lines. Stellar atmospheres have a negligible abundance of such elements, excepting supernovae. Selective optical detection of signals in these parts of the spectrum seems practical as semiconductor detectors doped with the relevant elements can be used. The use of...
The Indian National Curriculum Framework has as one of its objectives the development of mathematical
thinking and problem solving ability. However, recent studies conducted in Indian metros have expressed
concern about students’ mathematics learning. Except in some private coaching academies, regular classroom teaching does not include problem sol...
Is it risky to eat phulkas or rotis that are cooked on the open flame of a gas or charcoal stove? Is this made worse by the chemicals present in gas flames? I started reading up about this because published literature shows a link between cooking food by grilling and the incidence of cancer. Possibly cancer causing substances such as Heterocyclic a...
Information and communication technologies have made a major impact on education. This raises hopes in countries like India which are undergoing rapid growth in their educational efforts. Will Information and Communication Technologies create a revolution in the education sector? What can we expect in the way of impact due to the spread of access t...
This is a proposal for an app to be developed and for psychological experiments to be carried out to see if we can use social networking techniques in small groups to help monitor stress and or behavioral problems with individuals who carry responsibility for others' lives.
This is a proposal for an app that enables a person in risky situation to send a video/audio record giving the location and time for safekeeping to a remote server for safekeeping. The server will also alert suitable persons specified in advance if the phone is dropped or thrown. The purpose of the app is to deter attackers by a credible audio warn...
This paper demonstrates how to use MONTO - machine readable ontology for teaching word problems in mathematics. MONTO is a combination of various ontologies. The paper gives background of the literature review and then states the gaps. It also describes MONTO and demonstrates its use, and bridges the gaps found in the literature of tutoring systems...
This paper demonstrates how to use MONTO—machine-readable ontology for teaching word problems in mathematics. MONTO is a combination of various ontologies. After presenting a review of the literature of problem solving and math education, this paper presents a framework that is used for evaluation of the systems available in the literature for teac...
This paper demonstrates how to use MONTO – machine readable ontology for teaching word problems in mathematics. MONTO is a combination of various ontologies. The paper gives background of the literature review and then states the gaps. It also describes MONTO and demonstrates its use, and bridges the gaps found in the literature of tutoring systems...
The electromagnetic spectrum is not fully utilized in rural areas and small towns. This is where an alternative model of wireless access to the Internet is badly needed. Economic conditions make it difficult for the standard model of 3G or 4G cellular services to work in these places at standard prices. One solution is to use 5.8 and 2.4 GHz WiFi e...
This paper deals with
Growth of the Internet in India,
Major changes in government policy,
Opening up in full,
The National Knowledge Network (NKN),
Some statistics at the end of the year 2010,
Use of Indian languages over the Internet,
Cellular broadband and its impact on Internet usage,
Socio-economic impact, and
Technology for education
A method for preparing and verifying a document, comprising the steps of: presenting the document to a document-registering office in a machine-readable format; editing the document to add an identification code associated with a non-copiable object; signing the edited document using a private key of the document-registering office; printing the di...
An information access device is disclosed comprising an interface for connecting the information access device to a network; a further interface for providing the information access device with a string of information request indicators; an interpretation layer for extracting an information source from the string and for generating an instruction f...
In this paper, we describe an approach to populate an existing ontology with
instance information present in the natural language text provided as input. An
ontology is defined as an explicit conceptualization of a shared domain. This
approach starts with a list of relevant domain ontologies created by human
experts, and techniques for identifying...
Use of web pages providing unstructured information poses variety of problems
to the user, such as use of arbitrary formats, unsuitability for machine
processing and likely incompleteness of information. Structured data alleviates
these problems but we require more. Very often yellow page systems are
implemented using a centralized database. In som...
This paper describes the design and implementation a student-oriented visualizer-cum-editor for locating information through topic maps. The focus is on ease of use for novice users. Another focus of this work was inspired by the idea of knowledge as a network of propositions. The model was generalized to treat knowledge as a network of triples inc...
Widespread connectivity of the internet over PCs and Laptops has increased the use of the World Wide Web for educational purposes. There are educational resources broker systems based on educational meta-data standards, which search, locate and deliver educational resources. In this paper, we justify the need of a broker system that can also provid...
We propose a Topic Map based system to facilitate study at various levels. The objectives of this system are to help the learner recognize the structure of relevant knowledge, and to locate relevant learning objects (LOs) that help in overcoming conceptual difficulties at any given step. This system would use a graphical interface for the learner a...
Students often need to go beyond the canned content provided by an e-Learning system's designer. A teacher usually suggests a supplementary corpus, traditionally in the form of books for optional reading and consultation. In an e-Learning context the supplementary corpus would consist of resources which are accessible over the Web, some specified b...
Much hope has been placed in the past on educational television for improving educational standards and distance education. However, in many countries the impact of this technology has been limited. Some of the reasons are discussed along with possible technical solutions. One solution that has been developed at HP Labs India is presented. This inv...
Games offer a simple form of a reward - the pleasure of playing, without serious consequences for failure. Tests have been converted into simple games to gain this benefit. The focus of this paper is on creating a rich ldquoskinrdquo in which tests can be clothed with no major effort. A number of issues are addressed in the context of designing suc...
This paper describes the problem of intelligent categorization, indexing, archival and retrieval of news stories. A solution to this problem is described. An implementation of these ideas is detailed, and performance analyses are presented.
KBCS activities at NCST include work on intelligent information retrieval, early work for machine translation from English to Hindi, AI applications in education with a strong focus on intelligent testing, and intelligent scheduling of ships and aircraft. The other activities of NCST's KBCS group include running an AI quarterly, Vivek, conducting a...
Speech interfaces for access to databases and Internet resources are gaining importance. Recent advances in speech technology and the widespread adoption of VoiceXML to specify dialogs over the human-computer interface have taken speech interfaces closer to the real world. The architecture of networks for providing access to speech interfaces invol...
On July 7, 2000, the Economic and Social Council of the United Nations adopted a resolution recognizing the role of information
technology as a tool for development.1 The meeting was devoted to information and communication technologies, making it the first such occasion in history. It recommended
that the UN should undertake a project to increase...
IT enabled services, that is, electronic commerce activity carried out at a distance from the front office where customer contact and sales are carried out, are growing rapidly in India. What is the nature of services offered? What is the growth potential in this area?
This paper describes the problem of intelligent categorization, indexing, archival and retrieval of news stories. A solution to this problem is described. An implementation of these ideas is detailed, and performance analyses are presented. 1 Introduction In today's world, information is a very valuable commodity. For such information to be usable,...
are important in writing well. We then describe some techniques that may help you become a better writer. 1 The Need for Good Communication Technical writing skills are, sadly, lacking in most of our graduates today. There is hardly any course that attempts to teach these skills, as part of a standard curriculum. This point was raised at a Workshop...
1 Introduction - the problem In today's information society, it is important to study the problem of storing a large body of information, and structuring it such that it would be possible to intelligently retrieve information from this body. As an application, we may consider bibliographic search -- searching through a large corpus of abstracts to...
Advances in technology, and in various areas of Artificial Intelligence, will bring a variety of systems to potential users. Their utility will be decided partly by their functionality, and largely by the quality of the user interfaces. It is not enough that a system works; we must ensure that the system is usable, cooperative and easy to communica...
Resource scheduling problems are increasingly being solved using AI techniques. Solving real-life versions of these problems demands the ability to model a range of constraints and, at the same time, to be flexible enough to make revisions to these constraints. In this paper, we outline the pipeline schedule generation problem, where the task is to...
Veda is a generative testing system that supports the design and administration of tests, on-line and off-line. Veda provides tools for test designers to create question generators. Veda authenticates the candidate''s identity, administers a test, evaluates the candidate''s answers and keeps a record of the candidate''s scores. The system also prov...
This paper offers relatively unusual form of a report from the Bombay Library network (BONET) Instead of reporting the umber of members, list of lectures given etc. ( some such details are given in Annexure for the readers who are interested in them). This paper presents the essence of lessons learnt by running the BONET over last few years. BONET...
Natural language communication interfaces have usually employed linear strings of words for man-machine communication. A lot of ‘intelligence’—in the form of semantic, syntactic and other information—is used to analyse these strings, and to puzzle out their structures. However, use of linear strings of words, while appropriate for communication bet...
Local Area Networks (lans) provide for file transfers, electronic mail and for access to shared devices such as printers, tape drives and large disks.
Butlan do not usually provide for pooling the power of their computer workstations to work concurrently on programs demanding large
amounts of computing power. This paper discusses the issues involve...
It is difficult to implement electronic mail and computer conferencing in areas where no public data networks exist. Even where the PDNs do exist, these systems can benefit from the use of more appropriate communication techniques. The use of an inexpensive communication satellite in a low-level orbit (100-5000 kms high), operating a relatively nar...
Packet switching techniques are reviewed in the context of computer communication networks. Communication systems, in the form of networks of terminals, based on packet switching techniques are then examined and their design parameters analysed. Such systems are compared with voice communication networks from a cost/performance point of view. The n...
Language learning and language use play central roles in problem-solvi ng. It is argued here that a rigidly built-in language will not serve the needs of problem-solvi ng. To use language as significantly as in human problem- solving it is necessary to design language pro cessors specially suited to the task. The pro- cesBoi should use language as...
Thesis - Indian Institute of Technology. Bibliography : p. 120-125.
Questions
Questions (35)
When a woman carries twins, with one male fetus and one female fetus, there seems to be a risk for female fetus. The female is often born with reduced chances of conceiving and delivering offspring herself when she grows up. This raises the question, does the sexual development of the female fetus affected by the male hormones from the sibling? Does this increase the probability of the female developing transgender issues?
Are there treatments that would reduce the chances of conceiving twins?
These questions are socially important.
Srinivasan Ramani
It would have been controversial to raise questions about the Vaccination-Vitiligo link while the Pandemic was raging. Now that the Pandemic is under control, we must seek the truth.
There are plenty of articles I could locate with Google Scholar reporting incidents that suggest there is a link. For instance,
Vitiligo is recognized as an auto-immune phenomenon. Vaccinations, in general, have been associated with auto-immune reactions.
There have been two new cases of vitiligo among my acquaintances in the last two years. In both cases, the person involved had taken Covid-19 vaccinations.
A major epidemiological study is called for. The study should also cover possible associations with gender, age, ethnicity, socio-economic factors, and nutritional factors so that we will understand conditions under which a causative phenomenon is identified.
Srinivasan Ramani, 25-11-2023
Several years ago, Scientific American asked the question "Do Dogs have mirror neurons"?
I do not know what has happened to this question over the years, but a recent video posted on Youtube settles the matter for me
YouTube Amazing Dog doing simple morning yoga https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y8he5mwPjKg
Try training a dog to do this!
Srinivasan Ramani
Please visit:
Heart Attack Deaths Drop Over Past Two Decades - American College of Cardiology (acc.org). It says "Researchers found the overall rate of death from heart attack, adjusted for age, fell from about 87 deaths per 100,000 people in 1999 to about 38 deaths per 100,000 people in 2020".
The reduction may be the result of awareness, better preventive care, obesity reduction, etc.
My question is about a simple step in health care. Has any research been done about the value of a six-monthly blood pressure check and related consultation in reducing heart attacks? A related question is a similar reduction in strokes.
Obviously, this healthcare is not available to the average resident of most developing countries.
Should it not be?
Srinivasan Ramani
A report from the prestigious CDC in the US Alcohol and Cancer Risk Fact Sheet - NCI says:
“Based on data from 2009, an estimated 3.5% of cancer deaths in the United States (about 19,500 deaths) were alcohol related”.
It also says
“In fact, a recent study that included data from more than 1,000 alcohol studies and data sources, as well as death and disability records from 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2016, concluded that the optimal number of drinks to consume per day to minimize the overall risk to health is zero”.
However, the shibboleth continues to be propagated that it is safe to have “two drinks for a man, and one for a woman, per day”.
What is the increase in cancer risk for a person taking one drink every day? Believe me, it is considerable, but I will not offer a number here.
WebMD lists six types of cancer and reports the American Cancer Society’s estimates for the number of deaths due to these six types in 2022 as 341,390.
Most repetitions of the dangerous statement have a pious preamble, and read roughly as follows:
"Don't begin if you do not take alcoholic drinks, but if you choose to drink, limit yourself to two drinks a day if you are a male and one if you are female".
(This is an extract from my article
I lost two friends in India to Parkinson’s this year. I got reminded of the pyrrhic victory India had won against Malaria during 1950 to 1970. DDT and, later, Gammaxene had played significant roles in this. It was common in a part of that period for residential homes to be sprayed with DDT or Gammaxene so that there was a persisting deposit on the walls.
The disease has not gone away completely even now. A Government Press Release https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1677601
says that there were (3,38,494 cases, 77 deaths) in the year 2019.
The question I wish to raise is this: can we statistically associate the use of these pesticides in large quantities with the occurrence of Parkinson’s disease in India? It seems that exposure to certain pesticides is a significant cause of Parkinson’s. Government data on the volume of import of these pesticides should be easily available. The number of cases of Parkinson's, year wise might be more difficult to get.
My father had been a health officer from about 1945 till about 1972 or so. Much was his work was for the “Malaria Eradication” Programme. DDT and, later, gammaxene were regularly stored in his office, and they were weighed and dissolved right there, to be filled in sprayers which his staff would take to spray peoples' homes. He died of Parkinson’s in 1999, in his eighties.
Srinivasan Ramani
What do we learn from the pandemic?
Has the pandemic taught us that we are in an unsustainable state in many places on earth? Very high population densities, poor sanitation, lack of adequate and safe water supply, and poor public health facilities make it difficult to control fast spreading infectious diseases.
We can hopefully vaccinate 70% of the population against Covid-19 by year-end of 2021, but are we going to live happily ever after? Is it better to recognizable unlivable places as such and draw up major plans to rectify these problems?
Vaccination-created immunities don’t even last a year, and Covid-19 is not the last virus.
Research question: We need to identify places that are unlivable on the basis of objective criteria. What are these criteria?
Srinivasan Ramani
28-March-2021
I quote from an NCOA article:
To locate this article, do a web search for the query Falls Prevention Facts
The site is “https://www.ncoa.org/”
“Falls are the leading cause of injury-related deaths among persons aged ≥65 years, and the age-adjusted rate of deaths from falls is increasing.
Falls are the leading cause of injury-related death among adults age 65 and older, and the age-adjusted fall death rate is increasing. The age-adjusted fall death rate is 64 deaths per 100,000 older adults. Fall death rates among adults age 65 and older increased about 30% from 2009 to 2018”. WHO says “Each year an estimated 646 000 individuals die from falls globally of which over 80% are in low and middle income countries”.
I suggest research aimed at mitigating the situation. Orthopedics and other concerned specialists can try to find out what advice/training can be given to people at risk of having falls. What can be said? I offer an example. By no means do I suggest that this be used as advice till appropriate research is carried out and the real advice text is finalized.
Example of Possible Advice
1. You may sometimes feel that you are about to fall. You may get a few seconds to do something to reduce the possibility of getting badly hurt.
2. The following are points to remember and use. If your risk of a fall is high, your doctor may suggest suitable training to learn to cope with a fall.
3. If your risk of a fall is high, your doctor may suggest use of a suitable walking stick or other prosthetic device. Follow this advice.
4. If you are carrying something, drop it without hurting your toes. You may need your hands to break the fall.
5. If you can reach a chair or bench within one or two steps, use it and sit down. Remember flimsy chairs when tilted may fall themselves.
6. If you can reach a support within one or two steps, grab it.
7. If someone is accompanying you, alert them saying you are falling and ask for help.
8. If a chair or support is not available, quickly fold one leg at the knee and lower your body to the floor. Then put one hand on the floor to support you and sit down.
9. An important objective of this procedure to reduce the possibility of a head injury.
10. There might be a cardio-vascular problem behind the loss of balance. Tell any person helping you to call for advice/help to manage this possibility.
Apps on a watch or cellphone can monitor the gait of a person. Apps can be developed to display an index to show the falling-risk of the users so that they can seek preventive advice in advance. Specialists can train those at risk on a padded floor.
Srinivasan Ramani
Using safety googles to avoid infection by Covid-19 virus will no doubt be superior to wearing run of the mill eyeglasses. It might be however be worth investigating this, If it turns out the chances are more users, particularly users who are more more exposed to Covid-19 infection are more likely are likely more ltheir own eyeglasses than safety glasses.
Srinivasan Ramani
The field of alternative medicine can gain greater credibility if it publishes procedures to verify claims that are advertised for some products, and widely follows them. Let us ask what an immunity booster needs to do? Is it that testing a product makes it ineffective because you are looking for proof of its effectiveness, thereby "betraying your faith in it"? And can anyone claim something is an immunity booster because its ingredients contain a goose berry?
Is there any substance that can be mixed with the gum on postal stamps to inhibit viral growth when the stamp is made wet for sticking to an envelope? It would have to be safe for human use, knowing that in some cases people would end up licking the stamp. Adding a bitter substance (say quinine!) may be an alternative solution. Over a period of time, people would learn not to lick stamps!
Srinivasan Ramani
The other day I heard two professionals comment on vaccine development in India. One of them said that animals like hamsters, ferrets etc. usually used in Vaccine research are not available in India. This poses a problem to those who wish to do vaccine development.
I wonder if they have considered using bats. Someone has reported finding SARS-Cov-2 in bats in India.
Even if they are not accepted for approved testing of new vaccines, they could be helpful in the process of vaccine development in earlier stages.
As a first step, we could test bats for specific antibodies.
Srinivasan Ramani
Has anyone studied of SARS survivors to see if they show some immunity against Covid-19 infection? There is supposed to be considerable similarity between the two viruses. What does the serological test for Covid-19 antibodies indicate when tested on SARS survivors?
Srinivasan Ramani
Many countries have considered Taro as having some medicinal effect on malaria. There is a Brazilian publication indicating possible anti-malarial effect of a number of related plants Why should Taro offer some anti-Covid-19 potential? Hydrocholoroquine is being studied in this context. It is suspected to increase the pH value of the host environment, inhibiting the growth of Covid-19 as it is an alkaline drug. Colocasia is an alkaline vegetable. The anti-malarial effectiveness of Hydrocholoroquine is also believed to be due to its alkalinity.
Pretty thin logic! But you may not need much logic to persuade volunteers to eat taro! Try https://www.rhiansrecipes.com/crispy-taro-fritters-vegan-gf/
If NIH would let you run a clinical trial with Taro Fritters, I don't know!