Sreedhara Ranganath Pai K

Manipal Academy of Higher Education | MAHE · Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences (MCOPS)

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by Gram-negative bacteria E. coli is responsible for 80–90% of uncomplicated cases in women. The increased prevalence of antibiotic resistance has made the management of UTIs more challenging. Plant-derived compounds have long been used to treat various diseases, and constitute an alternative to antibiotic res...

Context: Chemobrain, known as chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment (CICI), is among the adverse effects of chemotherapy frequently observed in chronic breast cancer survivors. This condition is primarily attributed to the increased presence of free oxygen radicals and inflammatory cytokines both peripherally and centrally. SIRT1, a highly cons...

The Akt pathway plays a significant role in various diseases like Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and Diabetes. Akt is the cen- tral protein whose phosphorylation controls many downstream pathways. Binding of small molecules to the PH domain of Akt facilitates its phosphorylation in the cytoplasm and upregulates the Akt pathway. In the current study, to...

MicroRNA (miR) are a class of small non-coding RNA that are involved in post-transcriptional gene regulation. Altered expression of miR has been associated with several pathological conditions. MicroRNA-124 (miR-124) is an abundantly expressed miR in the brain as well as the thymus, lymph nodes, bone marrow, and peripheral blood mono-nuclear cells....

Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive malignant type of brain tumor. Targeting one single intracellular pathway might not alleviate the disease, rather it activates the other molecular pathways that lead to the worsening of the disease condition. Therefore, in this study, we attempted to target both isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) and IDH2, which a...

Non-small cell lung carcinomas (NSCLC) are the predominant form of lung malignancy and the reason for the highest number of cancer-related deaths. Widespread deregulation of Akt, a serine/threonine kinase, has been reported in NSCLC. Allosteric Akt inhibitors bind in the space separating the Pleckstrin homology (PH) and catalytic domains, typically...

The Akt pathway plays an important role in cell metabolism, growth, proliferation, and survival. Akt is the central protein whose phosphorylation controls many downstream pathways. In many diseases like Alzheimer’s, Parkinson, and diabetes, there is downregulation of the Akt pathway. It is proven that the binding of small molecules to the PH domain...

To target brain cancer, various therapeutic options are present to fight against cancer cells. But the existing therapies are not showing a proper curation of cancer patients. Henceforth, activating the immune cells and targeting oncogenes/proteins might be an emerging therapeutic approach to target and destroy malignant brain tumor. Stem cells (SC...

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is associated with cognitive deficits and epigenetic deacetylation that can be modulated by natural products. The role of natural oxyresveratrol-betacyclodextrin (ORV) on cognition and histone deacetylase activity in AD is unclear. Herein, in-silico docking, and molecular dynamics simulation analysis determined that oxyresv...

Glycogen synthase Kinase-3 (GSK-3) was discovered to be a multifunctional enzyme involved in a wide variety of biological processes, including early embryo formation, oncogenesis, as well cell death in neurodegenerative diseases. Several critical cellular processes in the brain are regulated by the GSK-3β, serving as a central switch in the signall...

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in late 2019 with severe respiratory failure and organ damage that later appeared as a pandemic disease. Worldwide, people’s mental and physical health and socioeconomic have been affected. Currently, with no promising treatment for CO...

Cytotoxic effects of chloroform-methanol extract, protein extract and various fractions of ethanolic extracts of Curcuma amada rhizome were investigated on Human colorectal cancer cell line (HCT116). The ethanolic extract showed excellent cytotoxicity of all extracts with an IC50 value of 14.46µg followed by the Chloroform-methanol extract with an...

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune skin disorder, generally due to the interaction between genetic, environmental and immune factors. It is mainly associated with HLA locus (HLA-C), particularly with HLA-Cw* 0602 allele. The stimulation of T-cell induces hyper-proliferation of keratinocytes, which results in psoriatic lesions. Psoriatic...

Breast cancer is a common form of cancer that affects both men and women. One of the most common types of genomic flaws in cancer is the aberrations in the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. The benefit of dual targeting PI3K as well as mTOR is that the kinase-positive feedback loops are more effectively inhibited. Therefore, in the current study, structure-ba...

Background Oxidative stress (OS) is a chief contributing factor in the pathological advancement of Schizophrenia (SCZ). In recent years, OS has emerged as an important aspect in the SCZ research and provides abundant opportunities and expectation for a better understanding of its pathophysiology, which may lead to novel treatment strategies. Intro...

Chitosan is a natural polyfunctional polymer that can be modified to achieve compounds with tailored properties for targeting and treating different cancers. In this study, we report the development and anticancer potential of phosphorylated galactosylated chitosan (PGC). The synthesized compound was characterized by FT-IR, NMR, and mass spectrosco...

Localized drug delivery to the breast tissues is an area of interest as a potential route to ensure site-specific drug delivery. Transpapillary delivery via the mammary papilla has advantages as most breast tumors arise from the milk ducts. The present study explored the plausibility of transpapillary delivery of a phytochemical, resveratrol (RVT),...

Psoriasis is considered an autoimmune, inflammatory disorder with a genetic basis. The underlying aetiology is yet unclear. Evidence suggests the congregation of immune cells and their secreted inflammatory cytokines, leukocytes, and other inflammation-promoting factors in large amounts within the epidermal layers of the skin, driving an inflammato...

Scientific insights gained from the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and middle east respiratory syndrome (MERS) outbreaks have been assisting scientists and researchers in the quest of antiviral drug discovery process against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Coronaviruses and influenza viruses both rely on the...

Over many centuries, traditional medicines have been used by many countries throughout the world and reflect the vital part of healthcare. The use of traditional medicine has gained popularity in the last few decades and expanded globally. The traditional Indian medicine, Ayurveda being the most ancient yet promoting and supporting extensive resear...

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most prevalent form of dementia among geriatrics. It is a progressive, degenerative neurologic disorder that causes memory and cognition loss. The accumulation of amyloid fibrils and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain of AD patients is a distinguishing feature of the disease. Therefore, most of the current therapeu...

Asthma (ATA) is a long term inflammatory condition of the respiratory tract (RT) where stress and psychological factors play a significant role. A high rate of comorbidity of ATA and depression or major depressive disorder (MDD) is observed in many patients. The proposed correlations between ATA and depression include a vulnerability (trait) and st...

The scientific insights gained from the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and the middle east respiratory syndrome (MERS) outbreaks are helping scientists to fast-track the antiviral drug discovery process against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Coronaviruses, as well as influenza viruses, depend on host type 2...

In drug discovery, the hybridization of bioactive pharmacophores is a powerful tool for targeting enzymes involved in cancer and microbial cell growth. A combination of 1,3,4‐oxadiazole and isobenzofuran may improve the antitumor and antimicrobial properties of the hybrid molecules. A series of 1,3,4‐oxadiazole‐isobenzofuran hybrids are synthesized...

Wnt signaling pathway is an evolutionarily conserved pathway responsible for neurogenesis, axon outgrowth, neuronal polarity, synapse formation, and maintenance. Downregulation of Wnt signaling has been found in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Several experimental approaches to activate Wnt signaling pathway have proven to be beneficial in...

Syzygium caryophyllatum, widely known as wild black plum, belongs to Myrtaceae. The tender leaves of Syzygium caryophyllatum are commonly used by folklore practitioners, particularly for stomatitis, diarrhea, blood-mucous stools, wounds, and ulcers. The plant contains numerous bioactive constituents like terpenoids, carotenoids, flavonoids, coumari...

Cleome viscosa belonging to the family Capparidaceae, is a weed with ethano-botanical value found in India. In the present investigation, methanolic extract of Cleome viscosa was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to identify the important phytochemical constituents. The GC-MS analysis of methanol from whole plant of Cleome vi...

The pool of primordial follicles formed in the ovaries during early development determines the span and quality of fertility in the reproductive life of a woman. As exposure to occupational and environmental toxicants (ETs) has become inevitable, consequences on female fertility need to be established. This review focuses on the ETs, especially wel...

The human Abl kinases comprise a family of proteins that are known to be key stimulus drivers in the signaling pathways modulating cell growth, cell survival, cell adhesion, and apoptosis. Recent collative studies have indicated the role of activation of Abl and Abl-related genes in solid tumors; further terming the Abl kinases as molecular switche...

Increased effectiveness and decreasing toxicity are prime objectives in drug research. Overwhelming evidence suggests the use of appropriate combination therapy for the better efficacy of drugs owing to their synergistic profile. Dietary active constituents play a major role in health outcomes. Therefore, it is possible to increase the effectivenes...

Cancer is one of the major causes of death in the world today. Although chemotherapeutic regimen remains the prime treatment of cancer, it is important to explore for newer compounds due to their adverse reactions and the growing rate of resistance. Traditionally, some plants are used for the treatment of cancers in India. However, no scientific da...

There is an urgent need for reliable cure and preventive measures in this hour of the outbreak of SARS-CoV-2. Siddha- and Ayurvedic-based classical formulations have antiviral properties and great potential therapeutic choice in this pandemic situation. In the current study, in silico-based analysis for the binding potential of phytoconstituents fr...

Background: Oral contraceptives are very widely used agents to check unwanted pregnancies. They contain synthetic analogues of estrogen and progesterone hormones. Estrogen is an important hormone that plays a significant role in menstrual cycle, ovulation, fertilization and implantation. Estrogen receptor α (ERα) can modulate the ovulation, fertili...

A large analysis of the signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT3) in cancer is currently being carried out. It regulates gene expression, which is required for normal cellular functions such as differentiation, cell growth, proliferation, survival, maturation, and immunity. A ligand-based pharmacophore model was created using 3 D QSA...

The present investigation was to find out efficacy of Mucuna pruriens (M. pruriens) seeds. The antimicrobial activity of methanol and aqueous extract of M. pruriens seeds was determined by well diffusion method with ATCC strains of gram positive and gram negative bacteria clinical strains of multidrug resistant (MDR) Klebsiella pneumoniae, and clin...

Nanotechnology has created a revolutionary change for the past two decades, with significantly improved precision-based nanomedicine with improved targeted cellular bioavailability, potency, and reduced toxicity in the field of unmet clinical needs. The amalgamation of therapeutics and diagnostics into a single agent of nanoscale range termed as na...

Curcumin, a potent phytochemical derived from the spice element turmeric, has been identified as a herbal remedy decades ago and has displayed promise in the field of medicinal chemistry. However, multiple traits associated with curcumin, such as poor bioavailability and instability, limit its effectiveness to be accepted as a lead drug-like entity...

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), also known as chronic obstructive airway disease (COAD) or chronic obstructive lung disease (COLD), is the leading cause of disability worldwide. It is an increasing worldwide health issue and becomes the third most important reason of mortality and the fifth commonest cause of ill health and compromise...

Background Dehydrozingerone (DHZ) is an active ingredient of Zingiber officinale and structural half analogue of curcumin. In the present study, DHZ was evaluated for monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitory activity in silico and antidepressant activity in vivo. Method The binding affinity of DHZ with MAO-A (PDB ID: 2Z5Y) was assessed using Schrodinger...

Tuberculosis continues to wreak havoc worldwide and caused around 1.4 million deaths in 2019. Hence, in our pursuit of developing novel antitubercular compounds, we are reporting the e-Pharmacophore-based design of DprE1 (decaprenylphosphoryl-ribose 2′-oxidase) inhibitors. In the present work, we have developed a four-feature e-Pharmacophore model...

Alzheimer disease (AD) is the most common, irreversible and progressive form of dementia for which the exact pathology and cause are still not clear. At present, we are only confined to symptomatic treatment, and the lack of disease-modifying therapeutics is worrisome. Alteration of Wnt signaling has been linked to metabolic diseases as well as AD....

Human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) infection remains to be one of the major threats throughout the world. Many researchers are working in this area to find a cure for HIV-1. The group of the FDA approved drugs which are currently used against HIV-1 in the clinical practice include nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), non-nucleos...

Glycosylated pH-sensitive mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) of capecitabine (CAP) were developed for targeting colorectal cancer. The MSNs possessed an average pore diameter of 8.12 ± 0.43 nm, pore volume of 0.73 ± 0.21 cm³/g, and particle size of 245.24 ± 5.75 nm. A high loading of 180.51 ± 5.23 mg/g attributed to the larger pore volume was o...

In the present work, we designed mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) capped with chitosan-glucuronic acid (CHS-GCA) conjugate for pH-responsive targeted delivery of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). The influence of the synthesis parameters on the shape and particle size of the MSNs was investigated. The size and morphology of the MSNs were found to be dep...

Neuroinflammation is considered as the pathological hallmark of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Under inflammatory conditions, activation of microglial cells results in the increased expression of Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) levels, enhancing pro-inflammatory response. Computation based in silico docking...

COVID-19 is the currently evolving viral disease worldwide. It mainly targets the respiratory organs, tissues and causes illness. A plethora of studies has been performing to bring proper treatment and prevent people from the infection. Likewise, susceptibility to some infectious diseases has been associated with blood group phenotypes. The co-rela...

Gossypin is known to have antioxidant property and its neuroprotective activity in the ischemia model has been reported. There are no reports on the activity of Gossypin in the learning and memory. The objective of the current work was to evaluate the protective effects of Gossypin in Colchicine-induced Cognitive Dysfunction in rats. For this exper...

Neprilysin (NEP) is a neutral endopeptidase with diverse physiological roles in the body. NEP's role in degradation of diverse classes of peptides such as amyloid beta, natriuretic peptide, substance P, angiotensin, endothelins, etc., is associated with pathologies of alzheimer's, kidney and heart disease, obesity, diabetes, and certain malignancie...

Background The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors represent the first-line therapy regimen for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Most of these inhibitors target the ATP-site to stop the aggressive development of NSCLC. Stabilization of the ATP-binding on EGFR is difficult due to autophosphorylation of the EGFR domain. This leads t...

Background Wnt signaling pathway plays a major role during development like gastrulation, axis formation, organ development and organization of body plan development. Wnt signaling aberration has been linked with various disease conditions like osteoporosis, colon cancer, hair follicle tumor, Leukemia, and Alzheimer's disease. Phytochemicals like f...

Cancer is a multifactorial disease. At present, cancer is treated via chemotherapy and radiotherapy. These treatments are not only expensive, but also toxic to normal cells within our body. Hence, recent studies have mainly focused on deriving natural products that can help us prevent or treat cancer. Among these natural products, honey has gained...

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an irreversible, progressive and the most common reason for neurodegenerative disease. Wnt signaling plays important role during embryonic CNS development and is involved in neuronal induction, self-renewal, polarity, and synaptogenesis. Alteration in the Wnt Signaling pathway has been linked with age-related diseases li...

Natural medicinal systems such as Ayurveda and folk medicine has remedies for wound management. However, the exact cellular and extracellular mechanisms involved in the healing process and its influence on keratinocytes is less discussed. Therefore, the present study was designed to evaluate the effect of certain natural wound healing medicines on...

Rationale and objectives Cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2R) signaling in the brain is associated with the pathophysiology of depression. Sickness behavior, characterized by lessened mobility, social interaction, and depressive behavior, is linked with neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and immune system. The present study was aimed at evaluating 1-phe...

Tuberculosis is the “Achilles heel” of the human immunodeficiency (HIV) ministration. HIV‐positive people are 16–27 times more prone to contract tuberculosis. But the adverse interaction between antiretroviral drugs and antitubercular drugs has made it necessary to look for a single drug regimen for HIV‐TB coinfection. Piperidine derivatives have b...

Background: Cyclooxygenase (COX)-lipooxygenase (LOX) pathway plays a key role in the pathogenesis of renal ischemia/reperfusion (IR). Objective: This study was aimed to evaluate the role of dietary phenol caffeic acid (CA), alone and in combination with selective COX-2 inhibitor celecoxib (CEL) in IR-induced acute renal failure (ARF) in rats. Mater...

The use of plants for contraception and abortion is recorded throughout history, with contemporary reports from India and many other countries. Daucus carota is one of the several plants traditionally used for birth control. The present work was undertaken to evaluate the antifertility effect of the seeds of the plant by carrying out pharmacologica...