Soundararajan R P

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• Ph.D. in Agricultural Entomology
• Professor at Tamil Nadu Agricultural University

Background: Groundnut (Arachis hypogea L.) is one of the most important oilseed crops in India, playing a crucial role in the country’s economy. This crop is vulnerable to various insect pests starting from vegetative to maturity phase, of which, the leaf miner Aproaerema modicella (Deventer) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) cause substantial yield loss...

Global food security and sustainable agricultural production are critical challenges in the 21st century, requiring innovative solutions that enhance food production, reduce post-harvest losses, and mitigate environmental impact. Conventional storage methods often fail to preserve the nutritional quality of grains and seeds, leading to substantial...

Main conclusion Biochemical compounds and signaling molecules act as direct and indirect defenses against maize pests of different guilds and crucial for natural enemies’ interactions. Abstract Maize (Zea mays L.) is an important multipurpose cereal crop that contributes to global feed and food demands and is persistently under the attack of sever...

An assessment of the alpha diversity across the altitudinal range sizes for the moths of Noctuoidea (Lepidoptera) collected from 25 locations in Mizoram, a biodiversity hotspot in India, was undertaken. A total of 164 moth specimens were examined. based on morphological and genitalia characteristics for their identity. Identified specimens belonged...

Rice, a staple crop for over half the global population, faces severe yield losses due to insect pests, such as the rice stem borer (Scirpophaga incertulas), brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens) and leaf folder (Cnaphalocrocis medinalis) and minor insect pests, which are significant threats to global food security. Traditional reliance on chemica...

To overcome the adverse effects of synthetic pesticides in rice, organic farming by utilizing botanicals is a viable alternative. The bio-efficacy of cow-urine-based extracts of neem (Azadirachta indica), nochi (Vitex nigundo) and adhatoda (Adhatoda vasica) was studied. The experiments targeted major sucking insect pests, brown plant hopper (BPH) a...

Cryptophlebia ombrodelta (Lower, 1898) (Olethreutinae: Tortricidae: Lepidoptera) larvae were recorded for the first time from the fruits of Saraca asoca (Roxb.) Willd. (Fabaceae) a culturally and medicinally important tree at Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India. The larvae were reared to the adult stage at Butterfly House, Tamil Nadu Agricultural Uni...

This study examines trends in the cold storage industry from 2014 to 2023, focusing on India within a global context. The global cold storage market is projected to reach $218.7 billion by 2026, growing at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 12.7%. In India, the number of cold storage units increased from 6891 to 8653 during this periods, refle...

Thrips are among the most serious pests attacking many economically important crops. They causes significant damage to plants by lacerating and sucking sap from the leaves, growing tips, flowers, and fruits leading to silvery spots, stunted growth, flower drop, and fruits deformation, ultimately resulting in severe economic yield losses in many cro...

This study explores the resistance of rice landraces, genotypes, and wild rice to the South Asian brown planthopper (BPH) population, a significant pest affecting rice crops. Phenotypic screening identified a few landraces, genotypes, and wild rice varieties with resistance to the South Asian biotype, including, PTB-33, Oryza officinalis, O. nivara...

Brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens (Stal) continues its dominantce as an important pest in rice and cause considerable yield loss. Ptb 33 is a well-known source of resistance to BPH. Introgressed lines from Ptb 33 were evaluated against BPH using various parameters of resistant mechanisms. Initial screening was done by protray and modified...

Brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens Stal.) is a serious pest of rice which affects most of the rice growing areas across the globe. The highly evolving nature of the pest demands for the durable resistance, for which the wide variability hidden in wild Oryza germplasm can be utilized. The introgression lines from a Multiparent Advance Generation...

Objective • To identify the effective management measure for the control of rice gall midge (Orseolia oryzae Wood-Mason) • To observe the occurrence of natural enemies in insecticide and biorationals applied rice fields. Methodology • The observations on the symptoms like galled leaves were recorded from ten randomly chosen hills/plot a day before...

Protecting plants from herbivorous pests is crucial for ensuring higher agricultural yields and an increased food supply for the growing population. Given concerns about pollution from toxic pesticides as well...

Semiochemicals are chemical compounds emitted by living organisms to convey information within species or between species. They play a crucial role in insect communication, including mate attraction, alarm signalling, host and food location. Understanding about these semiochemicals' influences behaviour and ecology of pests and their biological con...

Studies on species diversity and influence of weather parameters on methyl eugenol (parapheromone) trap catches were carried out in mango and guava orchards at Coimbatore and Dindigul Districts of Tamil Nadu from Standard Meteorological Week (SMW) 16th to SMW 25th. Species diversity indices were calculated, and the methyl eugenol trap catches were...

Calcium oxide (CaO) nanoparticles was biologically synthesized by calcinating egg shells from kitchen waste and characterized using SEM, UV-Vis, XRD and FT-IR. Biosynthesized CaO nanoparticles are found to be an effective insecticide against seed weevil, Sitophilus oryzae in maize. The indiscriminate use of already available commercial pesticides h...

Jasmine is a traditional and economically viable ornamental plant. Jasminum sambac, J. auriculatum and J. grandiflorum are commercially cultivated in India and Asian countries. Insect pest infestation is dynamics among different Jasminum species. The biophysical characteristics of three species of jasmine were examined in the current experiment as...

Early duration drought tolerant rice culture CB 06803, a derivative of the cross PMK (R) 3 x Norungan was released as Rice CO 53 during the year 2020 as an alternate variety for Anna(R)4, with 115-120 days duration. It possesses desirable features like high yield, drought tolerance and better physiological efficiency. This culture with semi dwarf s...

The major challenges in sustainable and profitable agriculture are developing high-yielding crop varieties and reducing crop losses. Presently, there are significant crop losses due to weed/bird/insect/animal attacks. Among the various renewable energy sources, solar energy is utilized for different agricultural operations, especially in plant prot...

Rice (Oryza sativa L.,) plants release a complex profile of volatile organic compounds. Present study investigates the differences in volatile compounds from four rice landraces viz., Karuthakar, Norungan, Thavala Kanan and Varappu Kudaichan each under four conditions like healthy, mechanically damaged, and the ones infested by the brown plant hopp...

Jasmine Jasminum sambac L. is an important ornamental crop that fetches recurrent income to farmers. The present study was carried out in three locations Sevandhanagar, Navalurkuttappattu and Horticulture farm, TNAU, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India from August 2019 to September 2020. The seasonal incidence of major insect pests such as Hendecasi...

Yellow stem borer (YSB) is a serious pest of rice throughout the year in Asia and causes 40–50% yield loss. Screening genotypes and breeding resistant varieties are effective strategies for its management. The present study demonstrates the importance of ultrastructural and morpho-anatomical features of rice stem that confer resistance to YSB. A to...

This datasheet on Callosobruchus covers Identity, Overview, Distribution, Hosts/Species Affected, Diagnosis, Biology & Ecology, Natural Enemies, Impacts, Prevention/Control, Further Information.

Aim: Study was carried out to record the abundance and diversity of insects in jasmine (Jasminum sambac L.) ecosystem. Methodology: To determine insect pests, natural enemies and non-insect diversity, fortnight observations were taken from second fortnight of September'19 to March'20 on insect population at three adjacent locations. Abundance and d...

Rice crop is vulnerable to attack by more than 800 insect species. In tropical Asia, 20 species are of major importance and of regular occurrence. The high magnitude of yield loss in rice is largely attributed to the lepidopterous stemborers, homopterous leaf-and plant hoppers and a complex of leaf feeding insects. In the later group, rice leaf fol...

Field evaluation of 50 wild rice MAGIC population along with susceptible check, TN 1, stem borer resistant donor O.glaberimma (Acc.No. CG 14) and local checks TRY 2 and TRY 3 was done at Anbil Dharmalingam Agricultural College and Research Institute, Trichy. Five MAGIC genotypes, WRM-6, WRM-12, WRM-57, WRM-111 and WRM-126 showed resistance at the v...

Covid-19 is an ongoing pandemic that spreads throughout the world as like a geometric progression. The mechanism of virus spread has to be understood for protecting ourselves from it. Insects being the most abundant group of organisms in the earth it is present else were. They are among the most ecologically connected group of organisms. With or wi...

Bhendi (Abelmoschus esculentus), is an important vegetable crop grown throughout the year in India. The edible fruits has good source of vitamins A and B, proteins and minerals. Several abiotic and biotic factors are limiting factor on the yield of the crop to attain the maximum potential yield. Among the biotic factors, insect pests are one of the...

Insect pests are major concern to agricultural and horticultural crop plants and cause significant yield reduction. Recently mealybugs emerging as an important insect pests, causes severe threat to crop cultivation and intricate to manage. Mealybugs are found almost in all the countries around the world causing severe damage to crop plants directly...

Rice is an important major crop which feeds half of the world population. Insect pests are major biotic constraint in the rice production and considerable yield reduction hampered the productivity in the rice growing regions of Asian countries. Though, insecticides offer better control of insect pests there are several problems associated with the...

Citrus is an important world’s leading high valued fruit crop. India ranks 7th in the production and occupies 3rd position after mango and banana. Citrus is cultivated under different agro-ecological conditions from arid zone to semi-arid areas of southwest region, humid tropical climate of northeast regions. Citrus cultivation and yield are hinder...

Lablab (Lablab purpureus L.) and green gram (Vigna radiata L.) are attacked by a wide range of insect pests among which legume pod borer Maruca vitrata (F.) does extensive damage during flowering and pod formation stages. Identification of promising biorational materials can lead to developing IPM. Field experiments were conducted on lablab var. Co...

The melon fruit fly, Zeugodacus cucurbitae (Diptera: Tephritidae), is considered as catastrophic pest in most of the cucurbitaceous vegetable crops. It is denoted as an economic pest and yield misfortune up to 50-70% depends upon the host's environmental condition and its weakness. During their entire life period, major portion they live inside the...

The melon fruit fly, Zeugodacus cucurbitae (Diptera: Tephritidae), is considered as catastrophic pest in most of the cucurbitaceous vegetable crops. It is denoted as an economic pest and yield misfortune up to 50-70% depends upon the host's environmental condition and its weakness. During their entire life period, major portion they live inside the...

Snake gourd, Trichosanthes anguina L., is a yearly climber in the family cucurbitaceae has huge health benefits against blood pressure, heart disease, rheumatism and psoriasis. Fruit flies (Tephritidae: Diptera) are one of the most interesting group of insects also called it as "peacock flies" due to their habit of vibrating their wings and rank am...

Snake gourd, Trichosanthes anguina L., is a yearly climber in the family cucurbitaceae has huge health benefits against blood pressure, heart disease, rheumatism and psoriasis. Fruit flies (Tephritidae: Diptera) are one of the most interesting group of insects also called it as "peacock flies" due to their habit of vibrating their wings and rank am...

Tephritid fruit flies are the most economic insect pest in fruits and vegetable ecosystem. It damages the crop from fruit initiation stage to harvesting of the crop. The management of fruit flies in snake gourd ecosystem is troublesome because their partial life time completed within the host and pupates in soil. The only eco friendly and safe meth...

Vegetable acts an important role in human health for providing the essential nutrients, vitamins, minerals, phytochemicals and dietary fibre to reduce the health illness and disease. Cucurbits are the most important summer vegetables, which includes about 130 genera and 800 species around the world. The seed and fruit parts contains secondary metab...

Vegetable acts an important role in human health for providing the essential nutrients, vitamins, minerals, phytochemicals and dietary fibre to reduce the health illness and disease. Cucurbits are the most important summer vegetables, which includes about 130 genera and 800 species around the world. The seed and fruit parts contains secondary metab...

Snake gourd, Trichosanthes anguina L., in the family of cucurbitaceae is the most important tropical and sub-tropical vegetable, which contains lots of medicinal properties that cure people from blood pressure, heart disease, rheumatism and psoriasis. Fruit flies (Tephritidae: Diptera) are polphagous pest and widely distributed in subtropical, trop...

The two spotted red spider mite, Tetranychus urticae (Koch) is a severe pest in tropical regions of the world. The pest cause economic damage in most of the crops across the world. The pest shows resurgence to pyrethroid pesticides and it creates resistance quickly when pesticides are frequently used. Integrated pest management is necessary to mana...

Jasminum auriculatum is an ornamental medicinal flower crop cultivated commercially in India and Thailand and also found in Nepal, Sri Lanka, Bhutan and Andaman Islands. It is generally infested by budworm, blossom midge, thrips, leaf web worm, mite species. In which eriophyid mite, Aceria jasmini cause considerable economic damage to J. auriculatu...

Epigenetics is the study of heritable changes in gene expression that do not involve changes in the underlying DNA sequence (or) a change in phenotype without a change in genotype. Phenotype is the observable or measurable characteristics of an organism i.e., height, behaviour, colour, shape, and size. Insects are being examined for their epigeneti...

Jasmine is one of the important ornamental flower crop widely cultivated and venerate for its attractive fragrant flowers, belonging to the family Oleaceae. Jasmine plant and flower are affected by various insects, mites, diseases and nematodes which pose serious threat to jasmine cultivation. A study was taken up on seasonal pattern and occurrence...

Edible insects play an important role in human livelihood. In this review introduction and history about edible insect (Entomophagy) as human food and medicine (Entomotheraphy) has been narrated. Human food security, their nutritional value, harvesting/mass rearing methods and health hazards were also highlighted. The uses of insects in pest manage...

Jasmine is an important ornamental crop with attractive fragrant flowers, fetches instant revenue to the farmers. It is attacked by several insect pests and cause considerable economic loss. Studies on seasonal occurrence of insect pests of jasmine was studied during 2019-20 at Tiruchirappalli, India. Among different insect pests, blossom midge was...

Insect Diversity in Jasmine

Microplot field trial was conducted from March to May 2017 to assess the efficacy of various biopesticides, pathogen, predator and parasitoid against M. vitrata on lablab (var. Co Gb 14). The experiments were carried out in a randomized block design (RBD) with nine treatments and three replications. Results revealed that spinosad 45% SC @ 75 ml ha-...

Efficacy of Entomopathogenic Fungi, Beauveria bassiana against Maruca vitrata (Geyer) under Laboratory Condition

CR1009 Sub 1 a new version of long duration short bold grain rice variety CR1009 with submergence tolerance was released by Department of Rice, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, to overcome submergence during samba season for flood prone areas of Tamil Nadu. CR1009 Sub1 is a product of Marker Assisted Selection of the cross CR 1009 /...

In Department of Rice, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, a medium duration fine grain rice variety CO52 was released for cultivation in transplanted situation for late samba / thaladi season . CO52 rice variety recorded a mean grain yield of 6191 kg/ha and possessess quality grain traits comparable to the predominantly cultivated fine...

Evaluation and identification of resistant entries for different hopper pests is a continuous process to develop new resistant varieties. Identification of novel resistant genotypes from landraces will provide valuable information, protect the local germplasm, using them in crossing programme. A total of seventy four rice landraces along with resis...

BPH is the most destructive pest of rice. Host plant resistance is the most desirable way to control the BPH damage. The single gene resistance is easily broken by the evolution of new BPH biotypes, it can be addressed by the gene pyramiding. In order to improve CO43Sub1 with BPH resistance, the foreground selection was carried out in BC2F2 lines d...

Rice yellow stem borer (Scirpophaga incertulas W), a monophagous pest, is the most destructive pest causing 3 to 95% yield losses in India. Though it accounts for 50 per cent of insecticides used in rice fields, their typical internal feeding behaviour necessitates other management options. In the present study, evaluation of various wild rice line...

Studies were undertaken to identify the resistant genotypes of paddy to Angoumois grain moth, Sitotroga cerealella (Oliver.) under laboratory conditions. The parameters viz., moth emergence, loss in the quality and quantity of grains and developmental period were assessed. Among the sixty six genotypes and fourteen varieties screened, none of them...

The brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens (Stal) is still dominating and considered as an important insect in rice and causes considerable yield losses. Host plant resistance is an effective and environment friendly approach to manage the insect pest and screening is a continuous process to identify the resistant sources. With changing climat...

The high yielding blackgram variety VBN 8 is a cross derivative of VBN 3 x VBG 04-008. Average yield of VBN 8 is 900 kg/ha which is 11.9 and 13.5 percent increased yield over the check varieties VBN 6 (804 kg/ha) and CO 6 (793) respectively. It matures in 65 – 70 days. Under irrigated condition, it performed well by recording 988 kg/ha and the yiel...

Orientation behaviour of pests and beneficial insects is mediated by cues associated with the host-plant complex, like volatiles emitted by herbivore damaged plants or exogenous application of elicitors. We conducted laboratory studies to investigate whether exogenous application of jasmonic acid (JA) influences the developmental stages and mortali...

Cues associated with the host-plant complex, volatiles emitted by herbivore damaged plants and/or exogenous applications of elicitors decide on orientation behaviour of pests and beneficial insects. We conducted laboratory studies to know whether exogenous use of methyl salicylate (MeSA) influences on developmental stages and mortality of rice leaf...

Studies were carried out for identification of effective indigenous Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) strain from animal ordure. Eight Bt isolate were isolated from five different indigenous animal ordure samples samples viz., rice moth faecal pellet, cow dung, poultry, goat, pig wastes and characterized along with reference Bacillus thuringiensis strain...

field experiment was conducted during kharif season of 2017 at the Department of Rice, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, to study the effect of drought on physiology and yield of rice genotypes and to assess the effect of silicon on physiology and yield of rice under drought stress. Seven genotypes of rice were used in study and they...

Ecological engineering cropping methods for enhancing entomophages and pest management

Studies were carried out under glass house conditions to study the evaluation of resistance in some rice genotypes against Whitebacked Planthopper, Sogatella furcifera. Among the rice genotypes tested against S. furcifera (Horvath), IR 72, PTB 43, Co 43, IR 64, CB 06 535, CB 08 504, IR 36, Veeradangan and Nijavara lowest mean damage rating (1.00),...

Three aroma and non-aroma crops were raised separately as border crops in and around rice field (var. CO 51) to enhance the activity of predatory mirid bug, Cyrtorhinus lividipennis (Reuter) and to mitigate brown planthopper (BPH) Nilaparvata lugens (Stal). The aroma varieties viz., Pusa Basmati-1, Pusa Suganth and Jeeraga Samba, the non-aroma vari...

In the habitat manipulation for enhancing natural enemy activity, different weed species were raised as strip crops in and around rice field (var.CO 51) to enhance predatory mirid bug, Cyrtorhinus lividipennis (Reuter) and to mitigate brown planthopper (BPH) Nilaparvata lugens (Stal). Echinochloa colonum (L.), Echinochloa crusgalli (L), Cyperus dif...

Weed species were raised as border crops in and around rice field (var.CO 51) to enhance the activity of predatory mirid bug, Cyrtorhinus lividipennis (Reuter) and to mitigate brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens (Stal). Echinochloa colonum (L.), Echinochloa crusgalli (L), Cyperus difformis (L.), Ammannia baccifera (L.), Eclipta alba (L) and...

Three aroma and non aroma crops were raised separately as inter crops in and around rice field (var. CO 51) to enhance the activity of predatory mirid bugs Cyrtorhinus lividipennis (Reuter) and to mitigate brown planthopper (BPH) Nilaparvata lugens (Stal). Aroma varieties viz., Pusa Basmati-1, Pusa Suganth and Jeeraga Samba non-aroma varieties viz....

Field evaluation of 44 mungbean Vigna radiata (L.) germplasm was carried out during kharif and rabi 2012 for screening against resistance to pod borer complex. The population of legume pod borer, Maruca vitrata (Geyer) larva was assessed at flowering stage. The damage in the pods were estimated in the harvested pods for different borer pests viz.,...

The acute toxicity studies on chlorpyriphos, cartap hydrochloride, chlorantraniliprole and profenophos to the target pest rice leaffolder, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Guenee) in order to fix the baseline data of these chemicals to calibrate discriminating dose indicated that the LC50 and LC95 obtained for subsequent six generations without selection...

The present investigation was carried out under glass house conditions to study the feeding behaviour of whitebacked planthopper (WBPH) Sogatella furcifera (H) on selected rice genotypes. Feeding marks and feeding rate were used as reliable parameters to evaluate the resistance nature of the genotypes against insect pests. Low honeydew excretion an...

Six non-rice flowering crops were raised separately as border crops in and around rice field (var. CO 51) to enhance the activity of predatory coccinellids Coccinella septempunctata and to mitigate brown planthopper (BPH) Nilaparvata lugens (Stal), Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.), tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), gi...

Resistance in Vigna mungo var silvestris against Bruchids, Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) Ann. Pl. Protec. Sci. 21 (2) : 279-282 (September, 2013) 279 Resistance in Vigna mungo var silvestris against Bruchids, Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) ABSTRACT In no-choice method, oviposition, seed damage, development period and adult emergence of Callosobruchu...

Grain legumes are important source of dietary protein in tropical region and insect pests cause considerable damage to these crops. Development of resistant varieties in legume crops is an important component in integrated pest management strategies. Though insecticides are effective against sucking pests and pod borer complex, development of insec...

VBN 7- Black gram: It is a cross derivate of VBN3 / Vigna mungo var. silvestris with the Duration of 65-70 days Season and suitable to all season for Tamil Nadu. It recorded yield potential 981 kg/ha with 30% yield increase over check variety VBN (Bg) 4 Special features included High yield Resistant to Yellow Mosaic Virus, No incidence of leaf curl...

Pulse beetle, Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) (Bruchidae: Coleoptera) is a major pest of stored blackgram, greengram, cowpea and other pulse grains. Nnatural incidence of bruchid parasitoid Dinarmus sp. (Pteromalidae: Hymenoptera) have been recorded in the stored blackgram seeds and also at field level. 500 blackgram seeds were released with 2 pairs...