Soumitra Dutta

Innovation is firmly recognized as a central driver of economic growth and development. The Global Innovation Index (GII) aims to capture the multi-dimensional facets of innovation and provide the tools that can assist in tailoring policies to promote long-term output growth, improved productivity, and job growth. The GII helps to create an environ...

This paper provides evidence from survey research on the evolving attitudes, values, and patterns of use defining the New Internet World (NIW). The analysis focuses on China and other ‘emerging nations’ with similarly strong patterns of Internet diffusion, in comparison with the US and other nations that led the early development of the Internet. T...

INSEAD and the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO, a specialized agency of the United Nations) co-publish The Global Innovation Index (GII) since 2012. This year in its fifth edition, the GII was previously published by INSEAD. The GII recognizes the key role of innovation as a driver of economic growth and prosperity and acknowledges t...

The Z-number is a new fuzzy-theoretic concept, proposed by Zadeh in 2011. It extends the basic philosophy of Computing With Words CWW to include the perception of uncertainty of the information conveyed by a natural language statement. The Z-number thus, serves as a model of linguistic summarization of natural language statements, a technique to me...

The paper addresses two problems of web content mining, such as scene-region classification (applicable to image annotation), and image based spam detection. To solve these problems, we describe two granular computing (i.e., with rough-fuzzy and rough-wavelet granular spaces) based pattern classification models. These models can be used to design i...

A new rough-fuzzy model for pattern classification based on granular computing is described in the present article. In this model, we propose the formulation of class-dependent granules in fuzzy environment. Fuzzy membership functions are used to represent the feature-wise belonging to different classes, thereby producing fuzzy granulation of the f...

Software is vital for the success of most firms today. However, software crises are common and examples abound of situations where the competitiveness of firms has been threatened by failures in the production and/or deployment of software. In addition, there is a paucity of published research about the adoption of software management practices wit...

The notion of "Software Excellence", i.e., excellence in all aspects of the creation and application of software in the general organizational context, has been modeled in this paper after the European Quality Model. The logic of the model is that in any Software Producing Unit (SPU), Leadership driving Policy & Strategy, SPU People Management, End...

The Internet is young and continues to be a space of rapid innovation, particularly in patterns of access and use. The cultures of the Internet might be more stable, since they are anchored in the values and attitudes of individuals for whom the Internet is but one, often minor, aspect of their everyday life and work. However, the last four decades...

We introduce a fuzzy rough granular neural network (FRGNN) model based on the multilayer perceptron using a back-propagation algorithm for the fuzzy classification of patterns. We provide the development strategy of the network mainly based upon the input vector, initial connection weights determined by fuzzy rough set theoretic concepts, and the t...

Worldwide diffusion of the Internet is focusing debate around values and attitudes that are likely to vary across cultures, particularly around online freedom of expression, privacy, trust, and security. These are prominent topics of discussion amongst leading Internet stakeholders, such as private and public sector members, governments, policymake...

Social media are changing the way we do business and how leaders are perceived, from the shop floor to the CEO suite. But whereas the best businesses are creating comprehensive strategies in thi area, research suggests that few corporate Leaders have a social media presence--say, a Facebook or Linked in of page--and that those do don't use it strat...

The article describes a new rough-fuzzy model for pattern classification. Here, class-dependent granules are formulated in fuzzy environment that preserve better class discriminatory information. Neighborhood rough sets (NRS) are used in the selection of a subset of granulated features that explore the local/contextual information from neighbor gra...

Predictions are often another way to spell “guess.” Nonetheless, several trends are likely to appear in a CEO’s innovation agenda, as globalization, rapid technology cycles, and intensified competition increase pressures to improve innovative performance.

There is no prescription for innovation. This is certainly true, otherwise we should explore why some companies choose not to apply proven formulas for innovative success! But can some conditions increase the probability that a company will produce significant innovations? Are there methods and techniques that could help stimulate innovative perfor...

INSEAD has long been studying the role of information and communications technology (ICT) as a catalyst for organizational transformation and change. As a consequence, gaining a better understanding of the economic and business impact of ICT has been identified as a key research priority, giving rise to a multitude of research streams. In this spir...

With the aid of a collaborative research study, Soumitra Dutta and Arie Segev look at the ways commercial organizations are exploiting the Internet. They choose the classical strategic marketing model of `4Ps' to underpin the research, augmented with an additional factor — Customer Relations.Their results show that most large corporations and multi...

this paper we define U as being characterized by the tuple (N u , S u ), where N u is the name of the DM, and S u is a label (such as novice, intermediate or expert) describing the DM. P is characterized by the tuple (N p , D p ) where N p gives the name of the particular problem and D p specifies the domain of applicability (such as electronics, a...

In this chapter we will apply the ideas about matching the marketing management support system with the decision situation of the marketer by developing an MMSS that is tailor-made to a specific marketing function, that of a brand manager in fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG). The brand management or product management system originated at Procter a...

In this paper we present the results of our effort estimation analysis of a European Space Agency database consisting of 108 software development projects. We develop and evaluate simple empirical effort estimation models that include only those productivity factors found to be significant for these projects and determine if models based on a multi...

The omnipresent nature of the Internet and the WWW has been a defining characteristic of the `new world' of electronic commerce. The impact of electronic commerce spans national boundaries and sectoral differences. While experts estimate that the number of users of the Internet will grow to 550 million, or 10 per cent of the world's population, by...

The omnipresent nature of the Internet and the WWW has been a defining characteristic of the `new world' of electronic commerce. The impact of electronic commerce spans national boundaries and sectoral differences. While experts estimate that the number of users of the Internet will grow to 550million, or 10 per cent of the world's population, by t...

This article focuses on the significance of benchmarking European software management practices. According to the author, the strategic importance of software has long been understood by practitioners and policy makers all over the world. Software in modern times, forms the backbone of various industries like banking, airlines and publishing. Moreo...

Over the past decade, case-based reasoning (CBR) has emerged as a major research area within the artificial intelligence research field due to both its widespread usage by humans and its appeal as a methodology for building intelligent systems. Conventional CBR systems have been largely designed as automated problem-solvers for producing a solution...

This paper presents an analysis of how the business models of organizations are getting transformed in the Marketspace created by the Internet and WWW. We use a model comprising the four P's - Product, Price, Promotion and Placement - and one C - Customer Relationship. We study how these four P's and one C are being transformed by the fundamental c...

The appropriate design of computer-based systems for supporting managers, referred to there as management support systems (MSS), is of central importance in both fundamental research and real-world application. By using a unique integrative approach, the authors developed and deployed a system for supporting managers of consumer products at a large...

The effective management of knowledge is important for the competitivity of organizations. Rapid technological progress over the last decade has made knowledge-based systems (KBSs) (including expert systems, organizational memory information systems, and other advanced information technology solutions) an integral part of every organization's effor...

The identification, combination, and interaction of the many factors which influence software development productivity makes the measurement, estimation, comparison and tracking of productivity rates very difficult. Through the analysis of a European Space Agency database consisting of 99 software development projects from 37 companies in a Europea...

This article presents a comparative study of how the senior management of two banks, Banco Comercial Português (BCP) and Continental Bank have each chosen to align information technology (IT) with their businesses. While BCP manages IT in-house, Continental Bank has chosen a very different route - it became the first major bank to completely outsou...

Planning, in general, is the process by which the long term goals of an agent are translated into short term tasks and objectives, subject to the resource constraints facing the agent. In contrast to “decision making”, planning has a distinct temporal dimension and calls for a sequence of temporally separated, inter-dependent decisions to be made o...

This paper presents a new approach to planning in dynamic and uncertain environments. Planning is viewed as a process in which an agent's long term goals are transformed into short term tasks and objectives, given the agent's strategy and the context of planning. The developed model allows for a dynamic balance between long term strategic planning...

Models in conventional decision support systems (DSSs) are best suited for problem solutions in domains with well defined/structured (mathematical) or partially defined/ semi-structured (heuristic) domain models. Non-conservative/unstructured domains are those which either lack a known model or have a poorly defined domain model. Neural networks (N...

Rule-based reasoning (RBR) and case-based reasoning (CBR) have emerged as two important and complementary reasoning methodologies in artificial intelligence (AI). For problem solving in complex, real-world situations, it is useful to integrate RBR and CBR. This paper presents an approach to achieve a compact and seamless integration of RBR and CBR...

In the early 1980s BP Chemicals faced challenges that called for some fundamental changes in its business strategy. Rapid expansion via acquisition during the past five decades had created a company with many different cultures. The strong emphasis on production was giving way to a renewed search for new sources of competitive advantage such as enh...

An important focus in current research on decision support systems (DSS) is the design of flexible environments to facilitate and support learning about the problem domain by the user. This research uses case-based reasoning to present a symbiotic DSS in which both the user and the DSS learn from each other. The user learns from the DSS (from store...

The job of a brand manager requires the consideration of a large number of entities or factors such as: characteristics and situation variables of the own brand, of competing brands, possible marketing actions that can be taken, competitive actions, major players in the distribution channel (e.g. retailing chains), etc. Moreover there are many inte...

Mergers and acquisitions (M&A) are currently revolutionizing the structure of corporate U.S.A. and annually involve deals totalling billions of dollars. Consequently, it is an area of intense activity and interest within the financial community. The process of planning an M&A is enormously complex and involves sophisticated reasoning and planning,...

Rule based reasoning (RBR) and case based reasoning (CBR) have emerged as two important and complementary reasoning methodologies in artificial intelligence (Al). For problem solving in complex, real world situations, it is useful to integrate RBR and CBR. This paper presents an approach to achieve a compact and seamless integration of RBR and CBR...

Real time artificial intelligence (AI) systems are required to respond within a given deadline, or have optimal response times. While some researchers have addressed the issue of planning under deadline constraints, there has been very little research towards optimizing the response time of problem-solvi ng methods. The costs for a response consist...

The authors apply neural networks to a generalization problem of predicting the ratings of corporate bonds, where conventional mathematical modeling techniques have yielded poor results and it is difficult to build rule-based artificial-intelligence systems. The results indicate that neural nets are a useful approach to generalization problems in s...

Temporal reasoning is specially important for medical expert systems, as the final diagnosis is often strongly affected by the sequence in which the symptoms develop. Current research on time structures in artificial intelligence is reviewed, and a temporal model based on fuzzy set theory is developed. The proposed model allows a simple and natural...

A temporal logic is developed to deal with events that are uncertain with regard to their occurrence in a given interval of time. Events are represented as fuzzy sets with the membership function giving the possibility of occurrence of the event in a given interval of time. An axiomatization of the fuzzy event calculus is presented, and several of...

Conventional query optimizers assume that the cost of optimization is negligible. This assumption does not hold for much larger search spaces (of possible execution plans) such as those encountered during semantic query optimization. In particular, the optimization cost can become comparable to the execution cost, and thus a significant fraction of...

An abstract is not available.

With total coverage of over 100 economies worldwide and published for the sixth consecutive year, The Global Information Technology Report has grown into the world's most eminent assessment of the impact of information and communication technology (ICT) on the development and competitiveness of nations, and into a powerful tool for business leaders...

A working paper in the INSEAD Working Paper Series is intended as a means whereby a faculty researcher's thoughts and findings may be communicated to interested readers. The paper should be considered preliminary in nature and may require revision. Abstract The strategic importance of software has long been recognised by both practitioners and acad...