Sophia Krombholz

Manfred-Donike-Institute for Doping Analysis

Phenethylamine (PEA) is a naturally occurring trace amine that acts as a modulator in the central nervous system. It is widely sold as a dietary supplement and advertised for its mood enhancing effects and should support weight loss. It is prohibited in sports and itemized as a stimulant on the Prohibited List issued by the World Anti‐Doping Agency...

Because of its influence on carbohydrate metabolism and, at the same time, anti-catabolic effects, the misuse of the peptide hormone insulin and its synthetic analogs is prohibited in sports at all times according to the regulations of the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA). The biological effects of insulin and its analogs are mediated through bindin...

Background: Studies have revealed that vancomycin soaking of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) graft can drastically reduce the incidence of postoperative infections after ACL reconstruction. However, it remains unknown whether the chondrotoxic threshold of vancomycin in synovial fluid is exceeded during this process. Several studies investigat...

Studying the metabolism of prohibited substances is an essential element in anti-doping research in order to facilitate and improve detectability. Whilst pharmacokinetic studies on healthy volunteers are valuable, they are often difficult, not least due to safety reasons and ethical constraints, especially concerning peptidic substances, which must...

The misuse of 2‐phenylethylamine (PEA) in sporting competitions is prohibited by the World Anti‐Doping Agency (WADA). As it is endogenously produced, a method is required to differentiate between naturally elevated levels of PEA and the illicit administration of the drug. In 2015, a sulfo‐conjugated metabolite (2‐(2‐hydroxyphenyl)acetamide sulfate...

The hunger hormone ghrelin (G) is classified as prohibited substance in professional sport by the World Anti‐Doping Agency (WADA), due to its known growth hormone releasing properties. The endogenous bioactive peptide consists of 28 amino acids with a caprylic acid attached to serine at position 3. Within this study it was aimed to develop methods...