Soo-yong Byun

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• Ph.D., University of Minnesota
• Professor (Full) at Pennsylvania State University

Using data from the Education Longitudinal Study, this study assessed the relevance of shadow education to the high academic performance of East Asian American students by examining how East Asian American students differed from other racial/ethnic students in the prevalence, purpose, and effects of using the two forms - commercial test preparation...

Using data from the National Educational Longitudinal Study, this study revisited rural-nonrural disparities in educational attainment by considering a comprehensive set of factors that constrain and support youth's college enrollment and degree completion. Results showed that rural students were more advantaged in community social resources compar...

The concept of cultural capital has proved invaluable in understanding educational systems in Western countries, and recent work seeks to extend those insights to the diverse educational systems of other geographic regions. We explored cultural capital in South Korea by investigating the relationships among family socioeconomic status (SES), cultur...

Increasing income inequality particularly since the economic crisis of 1997 has called attention to the issue of growing educational inequality in South Korea. Although much recent research has been directed at understanding the socioeconomic gap in academic achievement, few studies have empirically examined how this gap has changed over time durin...

Building on the first cross-national study that had demystified various assumptions about the worldwide use of shadow education two decades ago, we analyze data from the 2012 Programme for International Student Assessment to examine the cross-national pattern of the use of shadow education by families in 64 nations and use improved statistical esti...

본 연구에서는 국제학업성취도조사(Programme for International Student Assessment, PISA) 2018년 자료를 활용하여 한국 사회의 부모의 사회경제적 지위에 따른 자녀의 기대 직업 지위 차이를 미국, 영국, 일본과 비교하여 살펴보았다. 분석 결과, 한국을 포함한 네 나라 모두에서 부모의 사회경제적 지위에 따라 자녀의 기대 직업 지위에 뚜렷한 차이가 있었다. 그러나 그 정도는 나라마다 달랐는데, 기술통계를 토대로 했을 때 부모의 사회경제적 지위 분포 하위 10%와 상위 10% 집단 간의 자녀의 기대 직업 지위 차이는 영국에서 가장 컸고, 미국에서 가장 작았다. 한국의 부모의 사회경제적...

본 연구에서는 한국교육종단연구2013 1~9차년 자료를 활용하여 사립초등학교(이하 사립초) 졸업생들의 대학 입시 결과를 살펴보았다. 분석결과에 따르면, 사립초 졸업생들은 공립초 졸업생들에 비해 대학수학능력시험(이하 수능) 성적이 월등히 좋았는데, 특히 영어 영역에 있어 큰 차이를 보였다. 그러나 수능 성적에 있어 사립초의 효과는 대부분 가정배경과 학생특성에 의해 설명되는 이른바 선발효과에 기인하는 것이었다. 단, 사립초 졸업 여부는 다른 변수들을 통제한 이후에도 영어 영역 등급에 작지만 유의미한 차이를 가져오는 것으로 나타났다. 한편, 사립초 졸업생들은 공립초 졸업생들에 비해 2년제보다는 4년제 대학을, 비수도권 지역보...

본 연구에서는 국제학업성취도조사(Programme for International Student Assessment, PISA) 자료를 활용하여 부모의 사회경제적 지위에 따른 자녀의 기대 직업 지위 차이가 2000년(1984년 출생 코호트)과 2022년(2006년 출생 코호트) 사이에 어떻게 변화하였는지 살펴보았다. 분석 결과, 출생 코호트와 상관없이 부모의 사회경제적 지위에 따라 자녀의 기대 직업 지위에 뚜렷한 차이가 있었다. 구체적으로, 부모의 사회경제적 지위가 높은 자녀들은 주로 의사와 변호사와 같은 직업 지위가 높은 직업을 희망한 반면, 부모의 사회경제적 지위가 낮은 자녀들은 주로 미용사나 요리사와 같은 직업 지...

This chapter aims to illuminate the light and shadow of Korea’s school system. To this end, the chapter begins with a brief review of the historical development of the school system in Korea since 1945. Then, the chapter delves into the bright sides of the school system and unveils the flip sides of the school system, corresponding to the system’s...

Using longitudinal data from the Educational Longitudinal Study of 2002, this study examined educational attainment in early adulthood among high school sophomores, specifically focusing on Korean American students in comparison to their peers from other Asian American ethnic groups and white students. The results indicate that Korean American stud...

Teacher accountability reforms implemented around the globe have heightened a sense that teachers are losing the support of policymakers and the general public. To examine the global pattern in teachers’ perception of occupational value and identify possible outcomes and predictors, we analyzed the 2018 Teaching and Learning International Survey (T...

Using longitudinal data for a nationally representative sample of fifth graders from the Korean Educational Longitudinal Study of 2013, this study examined the effect of shadow education‒referred to as academically-oriented extracurricular activities mainly aimed to prepare for examinations‒on students’ creative thinking. To estimate the effect of...

We examined family SES inequalities in non-cognitive skills among young Korean adolescents. Using nationally representative data for 6th graders and 9th graders between 2004 and 2014 and school-fixed effects models, we showed how internal motivation, self-esteem, sociability, perseverance, and the composite score from those four indicators differ a...

The study of educational leadership suffers from a lack of precision in definition of key concepts (Modeste et al., 2020; Wang, 2018). This is particularly true for teacher leadership (Wenner & Campbell, 2017) where the core leadership practices that teacher leaders engage in are collaborative in nature and take many forms, including mentoring othe...

Drawing on the six waves of the Korean Education Longitudinal Study of 2013, this study examined the effect of attending private elementary schools on the probability of entering elite high schools, namely special purpose high schools and autonomous private high schools. Results showed that students attending private elementary schools were more li...

Using longitudinal data for fifth graders from the Korean Education Longitudinal Study of 2013, we examined sector differences in student background characteristics. We also examined the effect of attending private elementary schools on achievement gains. To estimate the private elementary school effect more rigorously, we used propensity score mat...

This study examined the determinants of international students’ interactions with different friendship networks and the relationships of these interactions with study abroad outcomes, using data from 482 Korean college students who had participated in international student exchange programs. The results showed that students’ participation in extrac...

The current study seeks to expand our knowledge on extended education and ist potential contribution to social inequality by examining socioeconomic disparities in supplementary education (SE) at college and its impact on labor market outcomes. Using data from the United States Education Longitudinal Study, logistic and linear regressions deliver t...

The relationship between educational attainment, social inequality and rising parental investments in the non-formal education of children received increasing attention in recent decades. Although much is known about inequality in private educational investment in general, it remains largely unclear how these investments affect students’ educationa...

해방 후 한국사회는 모든 단계에서 급속한 교육팽창을 경험하였다. 대학 교육을 예로 들면, 1970년에 우리나라 15세 이상 전체 인구 가운데 대학교육을 받은 인구는 3%에 불과하였다. 그로부터 반세기가 지난 2020년, 그 비율은 30%에 이르고 있다. 2050년에는 15세 이상 인구의 절반이 대학교육을 받게 될 것이며, 한국은 전 세계에서 대학교육을 받은 인구의 비율이 가장 높은 사회가 될 것으로 예측된다. 이처럼 교육 기회가 급속히 팽창되면서 젊은 세대는 부모 세대가 경험하지 못한 단계의 교육을 경험할 수 있게 되었다. 다시 말해, 부모 세대에서는 극소수만이 대학교육을 받은 반면, 자녀 세대에서는 대다수가 대학 교육...

This handbook begins with a foundational overview of rural education, examining the ways in which definitions, histories, policies and demographic changes influence rural schools. This foundational approach includes how corporatization, population changes, poverty, and the role of data affect everyday learning in rural schools. The contributors con...

Although much literature highlights the importance of teacher expectations for students’ academic success, a very small number of studies used large-scale data to examine school-level factors associated with group-level teacher expectations ‒ defined as expectations that teachers have for many students in their class or school, rather than for a sp...

This study examined the predictors of turnover intentions among middle school teachers in South Korea, using data from the 2018 Teaching and Learning International Survey (TALIS). Here, the turnover intention was operationalized as the intention to leave the teaching profession in the next five years. Results showed that the proportion of those who...

The current study seeks to expand our knowledge on extended education and its potential contribution to social inequality by examining socioeconomic disparities in supplementary education (SE) at college and its impact on labor market outcomes. Using data from the United States Education Longitudinal Study, logistic and linear regressions deliver t...

Understanding study abroad as supplemental education investment of individuals to enhance their formal school careers for status attainment purposes, we draw mainly on cultural and social reproduction (Bourdieu, 1973; Breen & Goldthorpe, 1997) and job-competition theories (Spence, 1973; Thurow, 1976). We address the gender gap in SA participation a...

Using data from the 2011 Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study for 45 countries, we examined the size of socioeconomic, gender, and immigrant status related gaps, and their relationships with education system characteristics, such as differentiation, standardization, and proportion of governmental spending on education. We find that...

This study addresses the issue of educational assortative marriage in South Korea from an intergenerational perspective by examining the impact of educational assortative marriage on children’s academic achievement. Using data from the Korean Education Longitudinal Study of 2005-2007, we found that children from educationally homogamous families wh...

Using data from the Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies, this study examined gender differences in participation in various forms of nonformal learning—on-the-job training, distance learning, workshops, and private lessons—and their relationships with earnings in South Korea. We found significant gender differences in p...

Adults’ career choice is not an abrupt event, but an outcome of continuous development throughout childhood and adolescence. In the developmental process of one’s career, personal characteristics and contextual resources come into play. The goal of the present study is to examine how family socioeconomic status, adolescents’ vocational aspirations,...

Since the mid-1990s, important education policy changes, such as the growth of Direct Subsidy Scheme (DDS) schools and the reform of the medium of instruction (MOI) policy, have been made in Hong Kong. Little is known about their impact on school segregation and educational inequality. We address this issue using six successive cycles of the Trends...

Using nationally representative data for two cohorts of eleventh-grade academic high school students, this study examined how the characteristics of students who wanted to be a teacher changed between 2006 and 2012, focusing on academic achievement. We found that the proportion of academic high school students who wanted to be a teacher decreased b...

This study investigated whether a country’s policy context for immigrant integration was related to native adolescents’ attitudes towards immigrants in European countries, using data from the International Civic and Citizenship Education Study. We found that students in a country with more inclusive and multiculturalist policies for immigrant minor...

Despite the large contingent of students living in rural areas, existing research on the processes that precede the college enrollment of rural adolescents is limited. With a particular focus on gender, this study investigated rural adolescents’ perceptions of family and place and how these perceptions related to their educational aspirations and s...

The purpose of this study was to explore the postsecondary educational and occupational expectations of work-bound rural youth. Three groups of work-bound youth were identified (work-bound, work-bound with future educational plans, and work-bound but unsure/undecided about postsecondary education), and each group was compared to college-bound rural...

Using nationally representative data for lower secondary teachers from the 2013 Teaching and Learning International Survey, we examined differences in factors associated with technology-enabled learning between the United States and South Korea. The results confirmed the importance of teachers’ self-efficacy and their participation in professional...

Using data for elementary and middle school students from the base surveys of the Gyeonggi Education Panel Study, this study examined how parents’ experience of sending their child to an English kindergarten influenced the type of middle or high school that they planned to send their child. The primary focus was on international middle schools and...

Using data for seventh grade students from the Seoul Education Longitudinal Study of 2010-2012, this study examined differences in academic achievement gains between private and public elementary school graduates during their middle school years. Results show that private elementary school graduates were more likely than public elementary school gr...

This study investigated patterns of college attendance using data from a nationwide and contemporary sample of 2,112 rural youth. We found that more than half of rural youth attended two-year institutions at some point during their college career and about a fourth initially enrolled in a two-year college before enrolling in a four-year college. Re...

We utilised four waves of TIMSS data in addition to the information we have collected on countries' educational systems to examine whether different degrees of standardisation, differentiation, proportion of students in private schools and governmental spending on education influence students' math achievement, its variation and socioeconomic statu...

Using the 2000 and 2009 waves of Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) data, we examined the relationships between family socio-economic status (SES), cultural capital, and reading achievement among students in five post-socialist Eastern European countries while comparing the findings with three Western bench-marking countries. Findi...

2차 과학기술인력 육성⋅지원 기본계획(2011∼2015)｣ 에서 󰡔과학기술-예술융합의 STEAM󰡕을 중점추진과제로 설정하였다(Ministry of Education and Technology, 2010). STEAM 교육은 전 세계적 과학기술교육개혁 운동에 동 참하고 과학이나 수학학습에 대한 동기 유발과 이공계 기피 현상을 해결하고자 하는 노력의 일환으로, 초⋅중 등학생들에게 과학기술에 대한 꿈과 비전을 다양한 교 과목과 접목하여 제시하고 흥미와 이해를 높임으로써 우리나라 과학기술교육이 가진 문제를 해결하고자 한 것이다. 즉 STEAM 교육은 학생들의 과학과 수학에 대 한 흥미를 높이고, 인간의 가치...

In this study, we analyzed the longitudinal effect of participation in an overseas exchange student program on foreign language competence, intercultural competence, and personal development. Data were collected over three time points from the pre-, post-, and post-post tests with Korean college students who participated in an overseas exchange pro...

Policy and scholastic attention has largely focused on how to train students in teacher preparation institutions and help them smoothly transition to the teaching workforce. However, the process of becoming a teacher can start much earlier in one’s life course by forming an expectation of being a teacher later when one becomes an adult. In this cha...

Our study examined the relation of advanced math course taking to the educational attainment of rural youth. We used data from the Educational Longitudinal Study of 2002. Regression analyses demonstrated that when previous math achievement is accounted for, rural students take advanced math at a significantly lower rate than urban students. Compare...

This article examined the relationship between participation in adult nonformal education (NFE), defined as on-the-job training, attending private lessons, attending seminars, or distance learning, and Canadian immigrant respondents' literacy and numeracy outcomes, using data from the Program for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies S...

Using longitudinal data for a nationally representative sample of ninth graders in South Korea, we examine socioeconomic differences in the likelihood of making transitions into different types of high school and college with a goal of testing the validity of the Effectively Maintained Inequality (EMI) hypothesis. We find significant socioeconomic...

The timing of transitions into adulthood has critical implications for early adulthood development, yet few research studies on this topic exist, particularly involving rural youth. We utilized a nationwide sample of geographically diverse rural youth from 34 rural locations in the United States to investigate adolescents’ expected transitions into...

Using data for fourth-grade students from the Seoul Education Longitudinal Study of 2010, this study examined characteristics of parents who desired to send their children to specialized middle schools, especially international middle schools. We found that higher socioeconomic status (SES) parents were more willing to send their children to an int...

The purpose of this study is to investigate the current status of STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics) education in schools by asking a variety of questions including "why and how often they implement STEAM education." This study conducted an online survey on 11,526 elementary, middle, and high schools in South Korea, wit...

This study examined teachers' perceptions and practices of science, technology, engineering, arts, and mathematics (STEAM) education in South Korea, drawing on a survey of teachers in STEAM model schools. Results showed that the majority of Korean teachers, especially experienced teachers and male teachers, had a positive view on the role of STEAM...

Using data from the 2000 Programme for International Student Assessment, we examined determinants of children’s participation in highbrow cultural activities and its relationship with academic achievement in Hong Kong. We found that family socioeconomic status (SES) and home possessions related to high status culture were important determinants of...

The primary purpose of this study was to examine differences in the school characteristics and experiences of African American, Hispanic/Latino, and Native American youth in rural high schools as well as their relation to educational aspirations. We also investigated the characteristics and experiences of students and their families as these are im...

Using data from the Educational Longitudinal Study of 2002–2006, the authors investigated the effects of advanced math course taking on math achievement and college enrollment and how such effects varied by socioeconomic status and race/ethnicity. Results from propensity score matching and sensitivity analyses showed that advanced math course takin...

Using data from 37,570 students in 23 OECD countries in PISA 2006, we examine how national contexts shape the expectation of becoming being a teacher at age 30 among high-achieving students in secondary schools. Our results show considerable between-country differences in the degree of students’ expectation of a teaching job. To address sources of...

Over the past few decades shadow education has expanded worldwide and become a multi-billion dollar global service-industry offering many different and costly tutoring services from after-school classes to a host of on-line options. While much remains to be explored as to why this transformation is occurring, the worldwide expansion of shadow educa...

Using data from the National Education Longitudinal Study of 1988, this study documented college attendance patterns of rural youth in terms of the selectivity of first postsecondary institution of attendance, the timing of transition to postsecondary education, and the continuity of enrollment. The study also examined how these college attendance...

Using data from the National Education Longitudinal Study of 1988-2000, this study examines how social capital shapes parental financial preparation for children’s college education and how social capital and parental financial preparation in turn affect children’s four-year college completion in the United States. Results show that social capital...

Most existing research indicates that working students perform more poorly than do full-time students on standardized achievement tests. However, we know there are wide international variations in this gap. This article shows that national and international contexts help to explain the gap in the academic performance between working and nonworking...

Directed consultation is presented as a professional development framework to guide and support teachers in the implementation of evidence-based interventions that involve contextual and process-oriented approaches designed to be incorporated into daily classroom management. This approach consists of four components: pre-intervention observations a...

Economic, occupational, and social shifts in rural economies have influenced nuanced changes in the educational and occupational aspirations of rural adolescent women and men. However, there is limited contemporary research that examines the aspirations of rural adolescents at the beginning of the 21st century. Drawing on a sample of 8,756 rural ad...

This study examined the effects of different types of shadow education on academic achievement, using data from a longitudinal survey of a nationally representative sample of South Korean 7th graders. To control for pre-existing differences between students who used a particular type of shadow education and those who did not, this study employed a...

Clinical supervision is intended to improve counseling skills and case management decisions made by the rehabilitation counselor that impact the client-counselor relationship and ultimately vocational rehabilitation outcome. We evaluated the effectiveness of a training program for state vocational rehabilitation supervisors to improve their clinica...

Data from a random sample of 546 college students who sought disability support services over a 10-year period were analyzed. Logistic regression revealed that while matriculation at the same campus and grade point average predicted graduation; student gender, race/ethnicity, disability type, receiving financial aid and living on/off campus were no...

Nearly nine million students attend public schools in rural areas but limited research has examined the aspirations of rural youth in the early years of the 21st century. This study presents a contemporary profile of rural youth’s educational and vocational aspirations and examines the educational alignment of reported aspirations. Using multinomia...

A bstract Drawing on a recent national survey of rural high school students, this study investigated the relationship between social capital and educational aspirations of rural youth. Results showed that various process features of family and school social capital were important for predicting rural youths' educational aspirations beyond sociodemo...

Over the past few decades, South Korea has made remarkable achievements in education despite many obstacles. Education, in turn, has played an important role in Korea’s achieving both economic development and political democracy. This article examines how South Korea expanded access to education and improved its quality. The article also identifies...

Using a nationally representative sample of eleventh grade students in South Korea, we investigated how the residentially based school assignment policy called the High School Equalization Policy (HSEP) shaped the separation of low and high socioeconomic status (SES) students between schools. We found that there was a smaller between-school separat...

Using the National Education Longitudinal Study, this study explored various factors that predicted bachelor’s degree attainment among rural youth attending a four-year institution. Results showed that Hispanic origin, family income, parental educational expectations, the rigor of the high school curriculum, timing and intensity of college enroll...

The purpose of this study was to examine the relation of several individual and contextual difference factors to the perceived educational barriers of rural youth. Data were from a broader national investigation of students’ postsecondary aspirations and preparation in rural high schools across the United States. The sample involved more than 7,000...

The purpose of this study was to examine the relation of several individual and contextual difference factors to the perceived educational barriers of rural youth. Data were from a broader national investigation of students' postsecondary aspirations and preparation in rural high schools across the United States. The sample involved more than 7,000...

This study investigated the determinants and effects of school choice, using data from the Seoul Education Longitudinal Study that followed 10th graders in Seoul, South Korea. Here, school choice was defined as whether the student chose an academic high school vs. an independent high school vs. a special purpose high school. For academic high schoo...

This study investigated the determinants of college attendance among vocational high school graduates, using data from the Korean Education & Employment Panel that followed 12th graders in South Korea. Results showed that parental education and private tutoring expenditure played an important role in determining college attendance―especially four-y...

Drawing on fourth-sixth wave data from the Korean Education and Employment Panel, this study investigated differences in performance on the College Scholastic Ability Test (CSAT) as well as in the likelihood of being admitted into a prestigious four-year college between foreign vs. academic high school graduates. Multivariate analyses showed that t...

Though the poverty encountered by many rural youth encompasses numerous developmental challenges and substantially increases the chances for educational problems, the school context is central to promoting and constraining their development. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship of school characteristics and schoo...

Adolescents who grow-up in rural areas often experience a tension between their attachment to the rural lifestyle afforded by their home community and a competing desire to gain educational, social, and occupational experiences that are only available in metropolitan areas. While these diverging pressures are well-documented, there is little inform...

This study examined the school perceptions and educational aspirations of 6,599 rural high school students, a sample that included 428 students with learning disabilities (LD). Regardless of disability status, rural high school students who had negative perceptions of school had less well-defined postsecondary educational plans and less often aspir...

Studies of parental involvement and children’s education in a variety of contexts can provide valuable insights into how the relationships between parental involvement and student outcomes depend upon specific local contexts of family and education. Korean education is distinctive with its high prevalence of private tutoring, which not only imposes...

This study assessed the effects of afterschool program participation on academic achievement of middle school students, using data from the Korean Education Longitudinal Study. A propensity score matching approach was employed to control for preexisting differences between students who participated in an afterschool program and those who did not. R...

This study assessed the effectiveness of private general high schools in improving academic achievement, using data from the Korean Education and Employment Panel. A propensity score matching method was used to control for preexisting differences between students who attend a private school and those who attend a public school. Results showed that...

In 1972, the South Korean government proposed the high school equalization policy (HSEP) to eliminate high-stakes exams and introduce random school assignment to high school entrance. This policy was intended to reduce a financial burden imposed on families due to the costs of children’s shadow education. Since its first implementation in major cit...

This study assesses the effects of afterschool program participation on demand for shadow education at the lower secondary level in South Korea, using data from the Korean Education Longitudinal Survey (KELS) tracing a nationally representative sample of South Korean students from grade 7 to grade 9. To address potential selection bias, the present...

This study investigates factors associated with the college destinations of high school graduates in Korea, using data for 2004 general high school seniors from the Korean Education and Employment Panel(KEEP). Results show that parents’ level of education and their expectations for children’s education have a significant influence on the levels of...

Self-reported satisfaction and sense of well-being were assessed in a sample of 1,885 adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities receiving Medicaid Home and Community Based Services (HCBS) and Intermediate Care Facility (ICF/MR) services in 6 states. Questions dealt with such topics as loneliness, feeling afraid at home and in one's ne...

Choice in everyday decisions and in support-related decisions was addressed among 2,398 adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities receiving Medicaid Home and Community Based Services (HCBS) and Intermediate Care Facility (ICF/MR) services and living in non family settings in six states. Everyday choice in daily life and in support-rel...

This article examines expenditures for a random sample of 1,421 adult Home and Community Based Services (HCBS) and Intermediate Care Facility/Mental Retardation (ICF/MR) recipients in 4 states. The article documents variations in expenditures for individuals with different characteristics and service needs and, controlling for individual characteri...

This study examines the relationship between four dimensions(i.e., participation in school activities, interaction with parents of child's friend, learning activities at home, and home supervision) of parental involvement and student achievement in South Korea, using representative data for junior high school students from the 2005 Korean Education...

This study examines the impact of cultural capital (measured by participation in high-brow cultural activities) on educational outcomes of academic high school seniors' educational outcomes in South Korea. Using representative data from Korean Education and Employment Panel(KEEP), the authors found that parental education and family income have a s...

Adults with ID/DD live in increasingly small community settings, where the risk of loneliness may be greater. We examined self-reported loneliness among 1,002 individuals with ID/DD from 5 states in relation to community residence size, personal characteristics, social contact, and social climate. One third reported being lonely sometimes and one s...

This study explores the empirical validity of cultural capital theory in the context of South Korea. Special attention is given to an analysis of an effect of cultural capital on academic achievement. Using representative data from the 2005 Korean Education Longitudinal Study(KELS), the authors found that parents' socioeconomic characteristics(i.e....

This DD Data Brief summarizes findings from the National Health Interview Survey Disability Supplement conducted by the U.S. Bureau of the Census, National Center on Health Statistics in 1994 and 1995. It examines characteristics and outcomes for family members, ages 55 and older, who shared households with persons with intellectual and/or developm...

This study examines determinants of children's transition from junior high school to high school and from high school to college in South Korea. Using the first and second wave data from the Korean Education and Employment Panel(KEEP), the authors found that both family background(parents' education and family income) and children's characteristic...

This DD Data Brief summarizes findings from the National Health Interview Survey conducted by the U.S. Bureau of the Census, National Center on Health Statistics in 1994 and 1995. In these years, 202,560 people were surveyed using the National Health Interview Survey Disability Supplement (NHISD), including 140 mothers with intellectual and/or deve...

This study explores determinants of parental views toward the High School Equalization Policy (HSEP) in South Korea, focusing on place of residence in Seoul. The results show that the determinants and the power of their effects are different between the North Bank, well known for its relatively poor neighborhoods, and the South Bank, well known for...