Sonia C. Sousa

Tallinn University | TLU · Institute of Informatics

Trusting is a rather complex phenomena and this complexity has been increasing with the pervasiveness of computing systems. In this virtual realms, Human-computer trust represents a key issue in today’s organizations, and it has a significative role in leveraging interactions and mediating interrelationships and auto-regulate knowledge sharing proc...

Neste artigo a confiança é abordada como um processo social e comportamental. Este artigo começa por descrever o problema, definindo o conceito de confiança para, de seguida, propor um modelo social e comportamental de confiança e a sua validação; concluímos o artigo com as considerações finais e com propostas de trabalho futuro. Palavras Chave –...

This paper is based on a survey that addresses two main hypotheses - that there is a positive correlation between students' level of participation and their privacy awareness, and students with high levels of privacy awareness need to be assured that their open learning activities are protected from potential threats in order to achieve positive re...

Artificial Intelligence (AI) integration in healthcare has been met with enthusiasm but also caution (1). The expectation of AI to revolutionize healthcare is high, with its potential to enhance access, improve quality, and streamline efficiency. The landscape of AI in healthcare is rapidly evolving, with significant advancements in diagnostics, de...

The proposed framework (Human-Centered Trustworthy Framework) provides a novel human–computer interaction approach to incorporate positive and meaningful trustful user experiences in the system design process. It helps to illustrate potential users' trust concerns in artificial intelligence and guides nonexperts to avoid designing vulnerable intera...

More than 10 million Europeans show signs of mild cognitive impairment (MCI), a transitional stage between normal brain aging and dementia stage memory disorder. The path MCI takes can be divergent; while some maintain stability or even revert to cognitive norms, alarmingly, up to half of the cases progress to dementia within 5 years. Current diagn...

This paper presents an attempt to provide an understanding of the possible trust influence in the successful development of online communities. This was achieved by implementing a research framework that aims to understand what trust it role in online learning community development and how that interrelation is related to learners' activity and par...

This doctoral study builds upon three main areas of expertise: (1) Human-Computer Interaction (HCI), (2) design theory and methodology, and (3) user research. The main idea behind this investigation is to address the increased discourse to find ways to promote trustworthiness in a system (i.e., decentralized and distributed systems) to unlock its f...

This study is the initial step of a research project investigating how different factors affect individuals’ propensity to trust in high-risk Artificial Intelligence (AI).

As advanced technologies become increasingly complex and opaque, people perceive them to be nondeterministic, raising concerns about trust in technology. This issue is especially crucial in risky domains where technology misuse can cause significant harm or loss. Design heuristics that consider users’ perspectives on technology trustworthiness are...

High-risk artificial intelligence (AI) are systems that can endanger the fundamental rights of individuals. Due to their complex characteristics, users often wrongly perceive their risks, trusting too little or too much. To further understand trust from the users’ perspective, we investigate what factors affect their propensity to trust Facial Reco...

Eye gaze is a prominent feature of human social lives, but little is known on whether fitting eyes on machines makes humans trust them more. In this study we compared subjective and objective markers of human trust when collaborating with eyed and non-eyed robots of the same type. We used virtual reality scenes in which we manipulated distance and...

People perceive advanced technologies to be nondeterministic as they become increasingly complex and opaque. Therefore, the issue of trust in technology is becoming crucial, particularly in risky domains where the consequences of misuse can cause significant harm or loss. There is a lack of design heuristics that consider the users’ perspective on...

The rationale of this work is based on the current user trust discourse of Artificial Intelligence (AI). We aim to produce novel HCI approaches that use trust as a facilitator for the uptake (or appropriation) of current technologies. We propose a framework (HCTFrame) to guide non-experts to unlock the full potential of user trust in AI design. Res...

This white paper was written by the members of the Work Group focusing on design practices of the COST Action 18230 - Interactive Narrative Design for Complexity Representation (INDCOR, WG1). It presents an overview of Interactive Digital Narratives (IDNs) design for complexity representations through IDN workflows and methodologies, IDN authoring...

This white paper was written by the members of the Work Group focusing on design practices of the COST Action 18230 - Interactive Narrative Design for Complexity Representation (INDCOR, WG1). It presents an overview of Interactive Digital Narratives (IDNs) design for complexity representations through IDN workflows and methodologies, IDN authoring...

User trust in Artificial Intelligence (AI) enabled systems has been increasingly recognized and proven as a key element to fostering adoption. It has been suggested that AI-enabled systems must go beyond technical-centric approaches and towards embracing a more human centric approach, a core principle of the human-computer interaction (HCI) field....

The Internet revolution in 1990, followed by the data-driven and information revolution, has transformed the world as we know it. Nowadays, what seam to be 10 to 20 years ago, a science fiction idea (i.e., machines dominating the world) is seen as possible. This revolution also brought a need for new regulatory practices where user trust and artifi...

Eye gaze is a prominent feature of human social lives, but little is known on whether fitting eyes on machines makes humans trust them more. In this study we compared subjective and objective markers of human trust when collaborating with eyed and non-eyed robots of the same type. We used virtual reality scenes in which we manipulated distance and...

Recently there has been an increasing demand for technologies (automated and intelligent machines) that brings benefits to organizations and society. Similar to the widespread use of personal computers in the past, today's needs are towards facilitating human-machine technology appropriation, especially in highly risky and regulated industries like...

User trust in Artificial Intelligence (AI) enabled systems has been increasingly recognized and proven as a key element to fostering adoption. It has been suggested that AI-enabled systems must go beyond technical-centric approaches and towards embracing a more human-centric approach, a core principle of the human-computer interaction (HCI) field....

This research presents a cross-cultural investigation of users’ trust in technology to map how different factors can influence their propensity to trust. The study focuses on three Portuguese-speaking countries, Brazil, Mozambique, and Portugal, aiming to provide results that are not tied to a specific context while also focusing on underexplored p...

Technological progress in artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) has an enormous impact on our society, economy and environment. And although the urgent need for creating sustainable and ethical AI technology is admitted, there exists a lack of design tools and expertise to facilitate this advancement. This study investigates how to...

Various health settings have advocated for involving patients and members of the public (PPI) in research as a means to increase quality and relevance of the produced knowledge. However, youth PPI has been an understudied area. This protocol paper describes a new project that aims to summarize what is known about PPI with young people in mental hea...

BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has caused changes on how we use technology across the world, both socially and economically. Due to the urgency and severity of the crisis different virus control measures were explored. One of the means how technology could help in this situation was by helping trace the contacts of people to prevent the spread of...

Background The COVID-19 pandemic has caused changes in technology use worldwide, both socially and economically. This pandemic crisis has brought additional measures such as contact-tracing apps (CTAs) to help fight against spread of the virus. Unfortunately, the low adoption rate of these apps affected their success. There could be many reasons fo...

This study presents exploratory research on how to measure perceived Trust in technology across culture. Builds from a validated Human-Computer Trust Model (HCTM) questionnaire (12 items) to efficiently measure users’ predispositions to trust a technological artefact (e.g. WhatsApp). This approach aims to provide results that are not tied to a spec...

Trust as a precursor for users' acceptance of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies that operate as a conceptual extension of humans (e.g., autonomous vehicles (AVs)) is highly influenced by users' risk perception amongst other factors. Prior studies that investigated the interplay between risk and trust perception recommended the development o...

This study reports an exploratory inquiry into the problematic phenomenon of fake news on Facebook, aiming at providing an inside view on how users in the United Kingdom (UK) value the credibility of news posts on Facebook in a post-Brexit era. Participants ( n = 201) were asked to review four different Brexit-related Facebook posts that linked to...

The purpose of this research was to understand differences in UK users’ perceived credibility of real and fake news posts in Facebook’s news feed based on location, age, gender, education level, frequency of Facebook use, and intention to interact. A survey was designed to collect and measure demographic data from UK-based Facebook users, their beh...

This study presents exploratory research on how to measure perceived Trust in technology across culture. Builds from a validated Human-Computer Trust Model (HCTM) questionnaire (12 items) to efficiently measure users’ predispositions to trust a technological artefact (e.g. WhatsApp). This approach aims to provide results that are not tied to a spec...

As robots become increasingly common in a wide variety of domains , there is an increasing need to assess the trust humans have when interacting with robots. Specifically are two of the main objectives in this study: 1) to adapt and validate the Human-Computer Trust Model Scale (HCTM) to human-robot interaction (HRI), in a Portuguese population. Th...

Privacy and security breaches have gained more attention and people's trust in different platforms has been affected negatively. In light of the rise of data and security breaches, trust has become important to both experts and users. We are generating more data than ever before but how this data is being used or handled is unclear. The goal of thi...

Trust plays an essential role in all human relationships. However, measuring trust remains a challenge for researchers exploring psychophysiological signals. Therefore, this article aims to systematically map the approaches used in studies assessing trust with psychophysiological signals. In particular, we examine the numbers and frequency of combi...

Privacy and security breaches have gained more attention and people’s trust in different platforms has been affected negatively. In light of the rise of data and security breaches, trust has become important to both experts and users. We are generating more data than ever before but how this data is being used or handled is unclear. The goal of thi...

Background: There is a high prevalence of children and young people (CYP) experiencing mental health (MH) problems. Owing to accessibility, affordability, and scalability, an increasing number of digital health interventions (DHIs) have been developed and incorporated into MH treatment. Studies have shown the potential of DHIs to improve MH outcom...

System architecture plays a crucial role in the establishment of Digital Government infrastructure. Over recent decades, various architectures have been introduced by scholars for the establishment of Digital Government infrastructure. However, there is no uniform agreement on Digital Government architecture concepts required for Digital Government...

Artificial intelligence (AI) systems are becoming pervasive in modern day society. Nonetheless, AI is not infallible. Therefore as more task and controls get delegated to AI systems, the implications become dire and riskier (e.g. Google assistant falling to make an emergency call hands-free), which impacts users experience and make users unforgivin...

BACKGROUND There is a high prevalence of children and young people (CYP) experiencing mental health (MH) problems. Due to the accessibility, affordability and scalability, an increasing number of digital interventions (DIs) have been developed and are being incorporated into MH treatment for CYP. Studies show DI’s potential for improving MH outcome...

New technologies, data, and algorithms impact nearly every aspect of daily life. Unfortunately, many of these algorithms operate like black boxes and cannot explain their results even to their programmers, let alone to end-users. As more and more tasks get delegated to such intelligent systems and the nature of user interactions with them becomes i...

New technologies, data, and algorithms impact nearly every aspect of daily life. Unfortunately, many of these algorithms operate like black boxes and cannot explain their results even to their programmers, let alone to end-users. As more and more tasks get delegated to such intelligent systems and the nature of user interactions with them becomes i...

Trust is an important decision-making construct helping users to adopt and continually use a system. Despite its importance, past research has mainly focused on studying and researching it in technology mediated interactions. As nature of technical artifacts becomes increasingly intelligent and human-like, a theory for explaining and predicting tru...

As technology evolves, exhibiting human-like characteristics, it is becoming a part of human daily activities with possibility of high degrees of dependency, due to its adaptation to users. For example, merely speaking to a smart phone to make a call or send a text. The new challenge of persuading users to change behavior such as low adoption of th...

Resumo Este artigo descreve um estudo de investigação conduzido na Universidade Jean Piaget de Cabo Verde que tem como objectivo entender a relação entre a confiança e o desempenho dos alunos quando perante o cenário de ensino e aprendizagem a distância pela Internet. Para atingir os objectivos acima enumerados foi concebido um estudo que engloba d...

Atualmente, as mudanças culturais em curso são caraterizadas pelo computador e pelas novas necessidades que dele advêm. Os computadores permitem uma vaga sucessiva de paradigmas de interação pessoal, em rede e colaborativa, exigindo formas diferentes de estabelecer novos modelos de validação social e facilitação de ações. Assim, em vez de nos conce...

The additional fee must be paid to ACM. This text field is large enough to hold the appropriate release statement assuming it is single spaced. Every submission will be assigned their own unique DOI string to be included here. Abstract As sharing heavily relies on trust, in this position paper we advocate for the use of a socio-technical model of t...

The implementation of E-government projects faces a number of challenges and failure. Conducted literature review shows that majority of E-government projects fails, either totally or partially, due to unfitted design of the projects. Case studies report that the experience with E-government initiatives are disorganized, unsuccessful, and yet count...

Trust has shown to be a key factor influencing user uptake and acceptance of technologies. Despite the increase in interest in trust research and its stated importance in HCI, prior research has mainly focused on understanding its role in human to human interactions mediated through technology. The ongoing and rapid technological developments have...

In this article we advocate for the use of a social-technical model of trust to support interaction designers in further reflecting on trust-enabling interaction design values that foster participation. Our rational is build upon the believe that technologically-mediated social participation needs trust and it is with trust enabling interactions th...

Evidence exist that e-Governance can facilitate the delivery of information and services needed by stakeholders, citizens, and decision makers in a cost-effective, efficient, and streamlined way; representing a possible solution for some developing countries, such as Afghanistan. As so emerges the need for deliver services and provide access to inf...

The purpose of this paper is to illustrate how interaction de-signers can reflect on values in interactive artifacts through an adapted method of design space analysis. We claim that value inclusion can be analyzed and incorporated into the design through design spaces. The method we are in the process of developing and present in this paper allows...

The purpose of this paper is to illustrate how interaction designers can reflect on values in interactive artifacts through an adapted method of design space analysis. We claim that value inclusion can be analyzed and incorporated into the design through design spaces. The method we are in the process of developing and present in this paper allows...

The purpose of this article is to introduce and assess the expressiveness of a design space for trust-enabling interaction design; or in other words aims to assess the extent to which the design space can explain/describe trust-enabling interactions. It starts by situating trust in the domains of Human-Computer Interaction and Computer-Mediated Int...

This article addresses trust in computer systems as a social phenomenon, which depends on the type of relationship that is established through the computer, or with other individuals. It starts by theoretically contextualizing trust, and then situates trust in the field of computer science. Then, describes the proposed model, which builds on what o...

This article addresses trust in computer systems as a social phenomenon, which depends on the type of relationship that is established through the computer, or with other individuals. It starts by theoretically contextualizing trust, and then situates trust in the field of computer science. Then, describes the proposed model, which builds on what o...

This article describes a project that builds on authors previously body of knowledge on Trust and uses it to leverage higher levels of engagement in e-learning contexts. The presented research aims to investigate on unobtrusively strategies to evaluate a toolset of Trust indicators that monitor trust levels thus facilitating the deployment of trust...

Digital libraries (DLs) have revolutionized the access to library materials. Very often they are even the best alternative. However, in some regions where computer and Internet access are a real issue, the usage of mobile devices for accessing such libraries seem to be a good alternative. This paper presents a design of an alternative mechanism for...

This paper addresses the effort to investigate the potential of using real time data for helping teachers in assessing and monitoring learner’s commitments towards learning collaboratively at a distance in online scenarios. We aim with this to recognize group vulnerabilities and being able to help teachers intervene (when needed) and support positi...

This paper reports an effort to investigate the potential of using real time data for deliver and help teachers in assessing and monitoring learner’s trust. This is due to the believe that by supporting trustful interactions (within technology enhanced learning scenarios) we are recognizing group vulnerabilities, and contribute for supporting posit...

The main goal of this paper is to present and validate a socio-technical model of trust. This model aims to depict the implications of trust on moderating learners online interactions. This work main motivation is focused on design ways to promote a stronger acceptance sense of community among learners, by giving emphasis to a more active learning...

This paper focuses on relations between learners’ generic level of trust in online environments and their attitudes towards openness and sharing in a blog-based personal learning environment LePress. The main rationale of this study was inspired by the changes present in today’s education, where the use of blogs as Personal Learning Environments is...

This paper describes an attempt to explore possible interrelations between today's online communities, trust and their online social patterns. It reports on a study in progress to provide a deeper understanding of how and at what level such relations affect the development of learning social contexts, i.e contexts that represent individuals needs,...