Somnath Chatterji

Introduction Metabolic Syndrome (MetS), diabetes, and other noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) have been a major focus of research in recent decades as the prevalence of these conditions continues to rapidly increase globally. However, the timing and patterns of development from metabolic risk factors to disease states are less well understood and are...

Objective The standard method of generating disorder‐specific disability scores has lay raters make rankings between pairs of disorders based on brief disorder vignettes. This method introduces bias due to differential rater knowledge of disorders and inability to disentangle the disability due to disorders from the disability due to comorbidities....

Background. The population of people aged ≥60 years continues to increase globally, and has been projected by the United NationsPopulation Division to increase to 21% of the total population by 2050. In addition, the number of older people living with HIV hascontinued to increase owing to the introduction of antiretroviral therapy as a treatment fo...

We aimed to explore the distribution of positive and negative emotions across nine low-, middle- and high-income countries; and the association between social factors and these emotions. Data were drawn from the SAGE and the COURAGE studies, with 52,553 participants. Emotions were assessed through the day reconstruction method.Sociodemographic char...

Background Data on functioning and disability collected at population level is essential to complement mortality and morbidity, to estimate rehabilitation needs of countries and regions and to monitor the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The objective of this paper is to brie...

Background There is a global scarcity of good quality disability data, which has contributed to a lack of political will to address the challenges that persons with disabilities face. The current paper proposes a way forward to overcome this gap by demonstrating the psychometric properties of the World Health Organization Functioning and Disability...

Objective: A healthy lifestyle is related to physical and mental health. The aim of this study was to assess whether different healthy lifestyle behaviours are associated with experiential and evaluative well-being. Methods: A total of 10,800 participants from Finland, Poland and Spain were interviewed in 2011-2012. Physical activity, fruit and...

Purpose Lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) individuals, and LB women specifically, have an increased risk for psychiatric morbidity, theorized to result from stigma-based discrimination. To date, no study has investigated the mental health disparities between LGB and heterosexual AQ1individuals in a large cross-national population-based comparison. T...

Aim Exposure to traumatic events (TEs) is associated with substance use disorders (SUDs). However, most studies focus on a single TE, and are limited to single countries, rather than across countries with variation in economic, social and cultural characteristics. We used cross-national data to examine associations of diverse TEs with SUD onset, an...

The ATHLOS cohort is composed of several harmonized datasets of international groups related to health and aging. As a result, the Healthy Aging index has been constructed based on a selection of variables from 16 individual studies. In this paper, we consider additional variables found in ATHLOS and investigate their utilization for predicting the...

Background The number of people experiencing functional limitations due to health conditions (capacity) is expected to increase in low and middle-income countries as populations age and rates of non-communicable disease rise. This trend could raise the prevalence and levels of disability worldwide. Understanding the demographic and environmental fa...

Objectives To use data from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2019 (GBD 2019) to estimate mortality and disability trends for the population aged ≥70 and evaluate patterns in causes of death, disability, and risk factors. Design Systematic analysis. Setting Participants were aged ≥70 from 204 countries and terri...

Background A major component of illness burden is role impairment. As part of the recently-completed Saudi National Mental Health Survey (SNMHS), we compare the number of days out of role in the Saudi population associated with ten core mental disorders assessed in the survey to those associated with ten commonly occurring chronic physical disorder...

Objective: To assess the availability and gaps in data for measuring progress towards health-related sustainable development goals and other targets in selected low- and middle-income countries. Methods: We used 14 international population surveys to evaluate the health data systems in the 47 least developed countries over the years 2015-2020. W...

Background The Model Disability Survey (MDS) is the current standard recommended by WHO to collect functioning and disability data. Answering calls from countries requesting a version to be implemented as a module that could be integrated into existing surveys and be used for monitoring disability trends and for data disaggregation, WHO developed t...

The United Nations’ Sustainable Development Agenda calls for targeted attention to the needs and rights of the most vulnerable populations to ensure a life of dignity and human security for all. In this paper, we argue that persons with disabilities are in a disproportionately vulnerable situation in public health emergencies. By using the example...

Aim We examined prevalence and factors associated with receiving perceived helpful alcohol use disorder (AUD) treatment, and persistence in help-seeking after earlier unhelpful treatment. Methods Data came from 27 community epidemiologic surveys of adults in 24 countries using the World Health Organization World Mental Health surveys (n = 93,843)....

Background: Treatment guidelines for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) are based on a relatively small number of randomized controlled trials and do not consider patient-centered perceptions of treatment helpfulness. We investigated the prevalence and predictors of patient-reported treatment helpfulness for DSM-5 GAD and its two main treatment pa...

The 2030 Sustainable Development Goals agenda calls for health data to be disaggregated by age. However, age groupings used to record and report health data vary greatly, hindering the harmonisation, comparability, and usefulness of these data, within and across countries. This variability has become especially evident during the COVID-19 pandemic,...

The eye care sector is well positioned to contribute to the advancement of universal health coverage within countries. Given the large unmet need for care associated with cataract and refractive error, coupled with the fact that highly cost-effective interventions exist, we propose that effective cataract surgery coverage (eCSC) and effective refra...

Background Prevalence of dementia and cognitive impairment increase creating the need for identifying modifiable risk factors to reduce their burden. The aim of this study was to identify latent groups following similar trajectories in cognitive performance assessed with the verbal fluency test, as well as their determinants. Methods Data from Eng...

The aim of this study was to identify latent groups of similar trajectories in processing speed through aging, as well as factors that are associated with these trajectories. In the context of the Ageing Trajectories of Health: Longitudinal Opportunities and Synergies (ATHLOS) project, data from the English Longitudinal Study of Aging (ELSA) (n = 1...

Recent technological advancements in various domains, such as the biomedical and health, offer a plethora of big data for analysis. Part of this data pool is the experimental studies that record various and several features for each instance. It creates datasets having very high dimensionality with mixed data types, with both numerical and categori...

Alarcos Cieza and colleagues argue that services for children and young people with disability need greater priority

The ATHLOS cohort is composed of several harmonized datasets of international cohorts related to health and aging. The healthy aging scale has been constructed based on a selection of particular variables from 16 individual studies. In this paper, we consider a selection of additional variables found in ATHLOS and investigate their utilization for...

Background A previous multi-site study involving lower- and middle-income countries demonstrated that asthma in older adults is associated with long-term exposure to particulate matter, male gender and smoking. However, variations may occur within individual countries, which are relevant to inform health promoting policies as populations live longe...

Background Rehabilitation has often been seen as a disability-specific service needed by only few of the population. Despite its individual and societal benefits, rehabilitation has not been prioritised in countries and is under-resourced. We present global, regional, and country data for the number of people who would benefit from rehabilitation a...

Background: Research efforts to measure the concept of healthy ageing have been diverse and limited to specific populations. This diversity limits the potential to compare healthy ageing across countries and/or populations. In this study, we developed a novel measurement scale of healthy ageing using worldwide cohorts. Methods: In the Ageing Trajec...

Background Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Shortfalls in treatment quantity and quality are well-established, but the specific gaps in pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy are poorly understood. This paper analyzes the gap in treatment coverage for MDD and identifies critical bottlenecks. Methods Sevente...

BACKGROUND On January 30, 2020, World Health Organization (WHO) declared the current novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as a public health emergency of international concern and later characterized it as a pandemic. Since then the virus has also rapidly spread among Latin American, Caribbean and African countries. OBJECTIVE The first aim of...

Objective This study aims to generate country-specific norms for two episodic memory tasks and a verbal fluency test among middle-aged and older adults using nationally representative data from nine low-, middle-, and high-income countries. Method Data from nine countries in Africa, Asia, Europe, and Latin America were analyzed ( n = 42,116; aged...

We investigated the relation between alcohol drinking and healthy ageing by means of a validated health status metric, using individual data from the Ageing Trajectories of Health: Longitudinal Opportunities and Synergies (ATHLOS) project. For the purposes of this study, the ATHLOS harmonised dataset, which includes information from individuals age...

Background: Data on the survival status of older adults on antiretroviral treatment (ART) are scarce in sub-Saharan Africa. The objective of this study was to determine the survival status of people aged 50 years and older who were HIV-negative, HIV-positive not on ART, and HIV-positive on ART. Methods: We used three waves of data from the World...

Background: Pain is a common symptom, often associated with neurological and musculoskeletal conditions, and experienced especially by females and by older people. The aims of this study are to evaluate the temporal variations of pain rates among general populations for the period 1991-2015 and to project 10-year pain rates. Methods: We used the...

Background: Pain is a common symptom, often associated with neurological and musculoskeletal conditions, and experienced especially by females and by older people, and with increasing trends in general populations. Different risk factors for pain have been identified, but generally from studies with limited samples and a limited number of candidat...

Health system responsiveness is an indicator that can be used for evaluating how well healthcare systems respond to people's needs in non-clinical areas such as communication, autonomy and confidentiality. This study analyses health system responsiveness from the perspective of community-dwelling adults aged 50 and over in China, Ghana, India, the...

Purpose Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a pervasive public health problem. Existing research has focused on reports from victims and few studies have considered pre-marital factors. The main objective of this study was to identify pre-marital predictors of IPV in the current marriage using information obtained from husbands and wives. Methods D...

Objectives Diabetes and depression are commonly present in the same individuals, suggesting the possibility of underlying shared physiological processes. Inflammation, as assessed with the biomarker C‐reactive protein (CRP), has not consistently explained the observed relationship between diabetes and depression, although both are associated with i...

Depression and loneliness act in a synergistic way among older adults. We tested two indicators of the perceived neighborhood built environment (BE) as moderators of the association between these conditions in older Eu-ropean adults. Positive perceptions of neighborhood BE were related to lower levels of loneliness but not to major depressive disor...

Objectives: Socioeconomic status (SES) relates to life satisfaction in old age, although the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Health and subjective social status have shown to be related to both SES and life satisfaction. This study aims to test the mediating role of health and subjective social status in old age, and to analyze if these poten...

The World Health Organization’s Study on global AGEing and adult health (SAGE) is a longitudinal study in China, Ghana, India, Mexico, Russia, and South Africa, with nationally representative samples of persons aged 50 years and older and a smaller sample of adults aged 18–49 years in each country for comparison purposes (Kowal et al. 2012). It bui...

Generalised partial credit models (GPCM) are ubiquitous in many applications in the health and medical sciences that use item response theory. Such polytomous item response models have a great many uses ranging from assessing and predicting an individual's latent trait to ordering the items to test the effectiveness of the test instrumentation. By...

Background: Illicit drug use and associated disease burden are estimated to have increased over the past few decades, but large gaps remain in our knowledge of the extent of use of these drugs, and especially the extent of problem or dependent use, hampering confident cross-national comparisons. The World Mental Health (WMH) Surveys Initiative inv...

Objective: To examine the longitudinal association between the social determinants of health (SDH) and frailty status with all-cause mortality in older Mexican adults. Materials and methods: Longitudinal study with a sample of adults aged 60 and over of Study on Global AGEing and Adult Health (SAGE) in Mexico. A Cox proportional hazard model was...

Little is known about how retirement and the time use redistribution that comes with it relate to experiential wellbeing, especially in low- and middle-income countries (LAMICs). This study aims to determine whether there are differences in experiential wellbeing between retired and working older adults; whether time use accounts for a portion of t...

Objective: Loneliness is associated with worse health status outcomes. Yet, the present study is one of the first to identify how patterns of loneliness (transient and chronic) are associated with health over time. Design: A total of 2,390 individuals were interviewed in 2011–2012 and 2014–2015 in a follow-up study conducted over a nationally repre...

Background Whether worldwide increases in life expectancy are accompanied by a better health status is still a debate. People age differently, and there is a need to disentangle whether healthy-ageing pathways can be shaped by cohort effects. This study aims to analyse trends in health status in two large nationally representative samples of older...

The Ageing Trajectories of Health – Longitudinal Opportunities and Synergies (ATHLOS) cohort harmonizes existing longitudinal data from 17 international cohort studies. It aims to achieve a better understanding of the impact of ageing on health and to propose timely clinical and public health interventions to optimize and promote healthy ageing....

Objectives: To report prevalence estimates of 12-month suicide ideation and attempts in young-and-middle age adults and older people, as well as their respective associated factors. Methods: A total of 52,150 community-dwelling adults who completed the adapted version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview-Depression Module were includ...

Background Studies on the effects of sociodemographic factors on health in aging now include the use of statistical models and machine learning. The aim of this study was to evaluate the determinants of health in aging using machine learning methods and to compare the accuracy with traditional methods. Material/Methods The health status of 6,209 a...

Aims: To examine cross-national patterns of 12-month substance use disorder (SUD) treatment and minimally adequate treatment (MAT), and associations with mental disorder comorbidity. Design: Cross-sectional, representative household surveys. Setting: Twenty-seven surveys from 25 countries of the WHO World Mental Health Survey Initiative. Part...

Background The use of Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) risk estimation scores in primary prevention has long been established. However, their performance still remains a matter of concern. The aim of this study was to explore the potential of using ML methodologies on CVD prediction, especially compared to established risk tool, the HellenicSCORE. Met...

Background In either rich or poor countries, people’s health widely depends on the social conditions in which they live and work – the social determinants of health. The aim of the present work was to explore the association of educational and financial status with healthy aging and mortality. Methods Data from the English Longitudinal Study of Ag...

The effort to create SAGE+ Wave 2 (2010) follows from the harmonized dataset generated for SAGE+ Wave 1 (2004) whose details can be found in Minicuci et al, IJE, 2016. The SAGE+ Wave 2 harmonization included the previous four studies, the Study on global AGEing and adult health (SAGE), English Longitudinal Study on Ageing (ELSA), US Health and Reti...

Background and aims The World Health Organization's (WHO's) proposed International Classification of Diseases, 11th Edition (ICD‐11) includes several major revisions to substance use disorder (SUD) diagnoses. It is essential to ensure the consistency of within‐subject diagnostic findings across countries, languages and cultures. To date, agreement...

Background Multimorbidity and frailty are relevant conditions among older adult population. There is growing evidence about their association with poor health outcomes like disability, worst quality of life, and death. Nonetheless, the independent associations of both conditions have been studied, and few evidence exists about an interaction betwee...

Objective: To identify the determinants of mobility among people aged 50+ from Finland, Spain and Poland. Study design: Observational cross-sectional population study. Main outcome measures: A mobility score was based on responses to items referring to body movements, walking, moving around and using transportation. Determinants of mobility we...

Trauma and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder - edited by Evelyn Bromet August 2018

Background: In higher income countries, work-related squatting and heavy lifting have been associated with increased arthritis risk. Here, we address the paucity of data regarding associations between arthritis and work-related physical stressors in lower- and middle-income countries. Methods: Data were extracted from the Study on global AGEing...

Background: Research addressing the impact of a large number of factors on unemployment is scarce. We aimed to comprehensively identify factors related to unemployment in a sample of persons aged 18-64 from Finland, Poland and Spain. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, factors from different areas were considered: socio-demographic indicators,...

Purpose: Developing valid and reliable instruments that can be used across countries is necessary. The present study aimed to test the comparability of quality of life scores across three European countries (Finland, Poland, and Spain). Method: Data from 9987 participants interviewed between 2011 and 2012 were employed, using nationally represen...

Background and aim: Frailty is characterized by several deficits in multiple health related domains. Although cognition is among the important components of frailty, there is lack of evidence on the role of specific neuro-cognitive dimensions. The primary aim of the present work was to evaluate the multidimensional definition of frailty, and to as...

Disability as a health outcome deserves more attention than it has so far received. With people living longer and the epidemiological transition from infectious to noncommunicable diseases as the major cause of health burden, we need to focus attention on disability – the non-fatal impact of heath conditions – over and above our concern for causes...

Background: Anxiety disorders are a major cause of burden of disease. Treatment gaps have been described, but a worldwide evaluation is lacking. We estimated, among individuals with a 12-month DSM-IV (where DSM is Diagnostic Statistical Manual) anxiety disorder in 21 countries, the proportion who (i) perceived a need for treatment; (ii) received a...