Sofián El-Astal

Al-Azhar University - Gaza (Palestine) · Psychology

En el presente trabajo se plantea como objetivo averiguar los valores de los jóvenes universitarios palestinos. La muestra, representativa de la población palestina, ha sido de 405 sujetos. Se ha tenido en cuenta las variables sociodemográficas como el sexo y la edad (19-22 años). Se ha utilizado la Encuesta de Valores de Rokeach, que recoje valore...

Introducción El consumo de tabaco es el factor de riesgo, susceptible de ser prevenido, que más mortalidad causa en el mundo. Disminuir la prevalencia de consumo pasa por la prevención del inicio y por el aumento del cese. En estos dos puntos la misión de los profesionales de la salud es esencial. Su imagen y el trabajo que desarrollan al estar en...

This article summarizes the conclusions of our research on self-references behaviors or Ego expressions in the Palestinian adolescents. We intented to establish the psychology reality of the subjects. The size of the samples, which were representative of the Palestinian populations, was 1004 subjects. We have considered a set of psychological varia...

People in economically advantaged nations tend to evaluate their life as more positive overall and report greater well-being than people in less advantaged nations. But how does positivity manifest in the daily life experiences of individuals around the world? The present study asked 15,244 college students from 62 nations, in 42 languages, to desc...

Most research on the development of personality traits like the Dark Triad (i.e., narcissism, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy) focuses on local effects like parenting style or attachment, but people live in a larger society that may set the stage for any local effects. Here we paired nation-level data on the traits from 49 nations with several mi...

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Background: Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) have been associated with a greater risk of later criminal offending. However, existing research in this area has been primarily conducted in Western developed countries and cross-cultural studies are rare. Objectives: This study examined the relationship between ACEs and criminal behaviors in young...

Conocer la influencia de los hechos vitales de cambio (recientes y puntos de inflexión) en la memoria autobiográfica, y su relación con el bienestar.

IDENTIDAD NACIONAL Unión de los miembros de una comunidad por recuerdos históricos comunes (Herranz & Basabe, 1999; Smith, 1991). MEMORIA COLECTIVA Conjunto de recuerdos socio-históricos más importantes que atesora una sociedad (Halbwachs, 1995; Páez, 2001). EFECTO DE PERIODO EFECTO DE COHORTE

Emotional life events impact on autobiographical memory and subjective well- being, and play an important role on individuals’ identity (Berntsen et al., 2011; Bilbao, 2008). Cultural and contextual factors influence the way people remember. People remember more positive than negative events in their lives (Conway, 2005; Walker et al., 2003).

VIOLENCIA COLECTIVA Y BIENESTAR ANTECEDENTES Los efectos de las guerras -la desintegración de redes sociales y familiares, desestabilización de economías locales consecuencia de la deslocalización de los sistemas productivos, los éxodos- tienen profundas implicaciones en el bienestar de los supervivientes (Pedersen, 2002). La violencia colectiva ti...

Recent research conducted largely in the US suggests that most people would like to change one or more of their personality traits. Yet almost no research has investigated the degree to which and in what ways volitional personality change (VPC), or individuals' active efforts towards personality change, might be common around the world. Through a c...

The present article studies war-related trauma and its effects on children living in the Gaza Strip, 6 months after the attack launched by the Israeli army on July 8, 2014, which lasted for 51 days. The objective was twofold: (a) to identify the prevalence of exposure to traumatic events and (b) to examine the symptoms of traumatic stress in childr...

This is the official research journal of St. Dominic College of Asia, Philippines which highlights multidisciplinary research topics in the Asia-Pacific region.

Abstract What does it mean to be happy? The vast majority of cross-cultural studies on happiness have employed a Western-origin, or “WEIRD” measure of happiness that conceptualizes it as a self-centered (or “independent”), high-arousal emotion. However, research from East�ern cultures, particularly Japan, conceptualizes happiness as including an in...

In the present study, we investigated the characteristics of memories concerning both traumatic events (war-related memories) and positive life events (happy memories) in a group of Palestinian students who were victims of war and military violence. An ad hoc questionnaire was developed to explore differences in how the traumatic and happy events w...

What does it mean to be happy? The vast majority of cross-cultural studies on happiness have employed a Western-origin, or “WEIRD” measure of happiness that conceptualizes it as a self-centered (or “independent”), high-arousal emotion. However, research from Eastern cultures, particularly Japan, conceptualizes happiness as including an interpersona...

Objective The current exploratory study sought to examine dispositional optimism, or the general expectation for positive outcomes, around the world. Method Dispositional optimism and possible correlates were assessed across 61 countries (N = 15,185; mean age = 21.92; 77% female). Mean‐level differences in optimism were computed along with their r...

Background The perception by mental health service staff of respect for users' rights is a fundamental component of organizational well-being. The objective of this work is to examine how cultural differences and the working context can influence the perception of respect for users' rights in mental health professionals in the Mediterranean area....

Background: The perception by mental health service staff of respect for users' rights is a fundamental component of organizational well-being. The objective of this work is to examine how cultural differences and the working context can influence the perception of respect for users' rights in mental health professionals in the Mediterranean area....

Abstract Objectives: The Dark Triad traits (i.e., narcissism, psychopathy, Machiavellianism) capture individual differences in aversive personality to complement work on other taxonomies, such as the Big Five traits. However, the literature on the Dark Triad traits relies mostly on samples from English-speaking (i.e., Westernized) countries. We bro...

The Dark Triad (i.e., narcissism, psychopathy, Machiavellianism) has garnered intense attention over the last 15 years. We examined the structure of these traits’ measure—the Dark Triad Dirty Dozen (DTDD)—in a sample of 11,488 participants from three W.E.I.R.D. (i.e., North America, Australia & Oceania, Western Europe) and five non-W.E.I.R.D. (i.e....

Dear Colleagues! YOUR COMMENTS AND THOUGHTS ARE VERY VALUABLE: « What do you think about the impact of HONEY on the treatment of the viral diseases? » This question naturally arises in regard with the current worldwide situation and urgent need of the effective anti-viral compounds (https://www.ft.com/content/a26fbf7e-48f8-11ea-aeb3-955839e06441)....

Within the international network CEVI, the present study explores the relationship between the personal life events and autobiographical memory and well-being. The CEVI instrument was applied in two different samples from different contexts, stratified in five different age groups: 1) Basque Country (N = 267, age range 20-88 years, mean age M = 38....

Este es un borrador ampliado de un capítulo que se publicará en el libro del Congreso Internacional 2018 de Representaciones Sociales editado por Susana Seidman et al. Eds. Universidad de Belgrano This is an extended draft of a chapter that will be published in the book of the 2018 International Congress of Social Representations edited by Susana S...

Este es un borrador ampliado de un capítulo que se publicará en el libro del Congreso Internacional 2018 de Representaciones Sociales editado por Susana Seidman et al. Eds. Universidad de Belgrano This is an extended draft of a chapter that will be published in the book of the 2018 International Congress of Social Representations edited by Susana S...

One of Jüri Allik's major, pioneering contributions to psychology is the assessment of personality across numerous cultures. His contributions have inspired many other large collaborations of international researchers to move beyond early work confirming the Five Factor Model cross-culturally to assessing the reliability and validity of a broad ran...

1.- El rol de las emociones positivas en los conflictos intergrupales: el conflicto territorial entre Chile y Bolivia/ The role of positive emotions in intergroup conflicts: the territorial conflict between Chile and Bolivia/ O papel das emoções positivas nos conflitos intergrupais: o conflito territorial entre o Chile e a Bolívia Fuad Hatibovic &...

En el marco del programa de investigación y de la red internacional CEVI, este estudio indaga en la relación entre los hechos personales de cambio y la memoria autobiográfica y el bienestar. Se aplicó el instrumento CEVI en dos muestras de contextos diferentes, estratificadas en cinco cohortes de edad: 1) País Vasco (N = 267, rango 20-88 años, edad...

The chapter discusses similarities and differences of Flashbulb memories (FBMs) and collective memories (CMs). Evidence suggesting that they are formed during formative years or a critical period and similarity in content is reviewed. Similari- ties in events features that elicit FBMs and CMs, the role of social rehearsal, collec- tive behaviors an...

The Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) is a 20-itemself-report scale assessingemotional and social competency impairments like difficulty identifying feelings (DIF), difficulty describing feelings (DDF) and externally-oriented thinking (EOT). Despite strong validity and predictive utility in North American and European samples, its validity in Non-...

In recent years the concept of experiential avoidance has become essential in new-generation therapies such as Acceptance and Commitment Therapy. In order to measure its importance, the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire was developed, followed by a second version which was also translated to various languages and applied in numerous countries. Ho...

The study of traumatic memories has generated a heated debate in recent years due to the implications it has for understanding of the emotional memory mechanisms and the implications it has on some legal cases. Several studies showed that traumatic memories are different from other types of memories, while others affirmed traumatic memories are sim...

El objetivo del presente estudio fue la evaluación del trauma psicológico en niños víctimas de guerra. Para ello se utilizó una adaptación del Cuestionario Harvard de Trauma (Mollica et al., 1992). Participaron en el estudio cerca de dos mil niños residentes en la Franja de Gaza durante los bombardeos del verano de 2014, de edades comprendidas entr...

En el presente estudio se evaluaron las características de los recuerdos de un hecho traumático (situación de guerra en la franja de Gaza durante el verano de 2014) y de un hecho feliz, mediante el Cuestionario sobre Características Fenomenológicas de Recuerdos Autobiográficos (Manzanero & López, 2007) en su versión árabe (Manzanero et al., 2015)....

This article summarizes the conclusions of our research on self-references behaviors or Ego expressions in the Palestinian adolescents. We intented to establish the psychology reality of the subjects. The size of the samples, which were representative of the Palestinian populations, was 1004 subjects. We have considered a set of psychological varia...

In this research we analyze the relationship between the use of leisure time and drug consumption. A sample of 405 youth of both sexes from the Palestine university was studied (44,9% women and 55,1% men). Our results that Palestinian youth frequently engage use tobacco. But only a small number get in serious other drug use. Except for the inhalant...

In this research we analyze the frequency at which Palestinian youth engage in the behavior which now worries society greatly and besides are directly related with this life stage: drug use. The size of the samples, which were representative of the Palestinian populations, was 405 subjects. We have considered a set social-demographic variables: gen...

This paper presents some results from a larger research project aimed at the "Analysis Psychological of adolescence. Psychosocial Profile of Palestinian Adolescents". Specifically, the detailed consideration of a set variables related to political participation (conventional and unconventional political participation, and powerlessness), leads us t...

The aim of the present study was to examine the phenomenological qualities of self-reported negative and positive memories. The study was conducted in the Gaza Strip, Palestine, and a total of 134 autobiographical memories about negative and positive events were analyzed using a version of the Phenomenological Questionnaire for Autobiographical Mem...

Resumen Pretendemos conocer la relación existente entre los agentes de socialización (familia, grupo de iguales, escuela y comunidad) y las expresiones de yo (asertividad y autoestima) para determinar el modo y grado de influencia sobre las conductas sociales (adaptadas o desviadas). La muestra utilizada ha sido 896 adolescentes palestinos con edad...

English extended abstract of: El-Astal, S. (2012). Creencias y actitudes de los odontólogos palestinos de la Franja de Gaza sobre el consumo de tabaco. Tesis doctoral. Universidad de Santiago de Compostela. doi: 10.13140/2.1.2278.0486

En entornos forenses nos enfrentamos frecuentemente con las declaraciones de las víctimas de sucesos violentos. En general nuestra labor puede consistir en facilitar el recuerdo de esos sucesos, pero también en algunas ocasiones se nos solicita que valoremos su credibilidad. Para ello, se deben tener en cuenta los factores que podrían influir en la...

Se ha generado una fuerte polémica acerca de las características de las memorias autobiográficas. Por un lado están los autores que afirman que las memorias traumáticas tienen características diferentes a las memorias sobre otros hechos autobiográficos. Se ha establecido, por ejemplo, que estas memorias difieren de otras memorias autobiográficas po...

This paper has done an experiment to test the effect of both retention (immediate vs. delayed one week) and implication degree (neutral vs. involved perspectives) over accuracy and quality of a complex event memory. 56 subjects witnessed a traffic accident adopting the role of either an observer or one of the actors involved in the accident. Subseq...

In this research the goal is to analyze the values of young Palestinian university students. The sample was Representative and consisted of 405 students. We have taken into account social-demographic variables such as gender and age (between 19 and 22 years old). The Rokeach Scale of values, which contains final and instrumental values, was used. I...

English translation El-Astal, S. (2008). Socialización de los adolescentes palestinos sin responsabilidad penal. En F. J. Rodríguez, C. Bringas, F. Fariña, R. Arce, A. Bernardo (Eds.), Psicología jurídica entorno judicial y delincuencia (pp. 137-148). Universidad de Oviedo. ISBN: 978-84-8317-707-5

ملخص: الهدف من هذه الدراسة هو التحقق من قيم الشباب الجامعي الفلسطيني. العينة مكونة من 405 شخص. تم الأخذ بعين الاعتبار المتغيرات الاجتماعية-الديموغرافية مثل الجنس والعمر (19 إلى 22 سنة). تم استخدام مقياس روكش لقياس القيم الذي يأخذ بين طياته القيم الغائية والأدائية، كذلك تم استخدام جزء من المقياس الذي استخدمته اليونسكو في دراسة القيم عام 1987م. بشكل...

ملخص: بشكل عام نتطلع الى انشاء النماذج او البروفيلات الفارقية للمراهقين الفلسطينيين في مجالات تم اخذها بعين الاعتبار في الدراسات النفسية والاجتماعية للمراهقة. الهدف هو عرض "صورة" لهذه المرحلة، تجيب على السؤال الاساسي: كيف هم المراهقين في علاقتهم الاجتماعية وفي وقت فراغهم وفي تفكيرهم وبشكل عام في انشطتهم الاكثر بروزاً. لكن بطريقة خاصة جداً، نحاول ت...

English translation. El-Astal, S. (2007). Conductas Inadaptadas: Conducta Antisocial y Consumo de Drogas en Adolescentes Palestinos sin Responsabilidad Penal. En R. Arce, F. Fariña, E. Alfaro, C. Civera, F. Tortosa (Eds.), Psicología Jurídica. Violencia y Víctimas (pp. 73-89). Santiago de Compostela: Sociedad Española de Psicología Jurídica y Foren...

ملخص: هذه الدراسة قامت بتحليل تكرار سلوكيين يقوم بهما المراهقين الفلسطينين وهذا حالياً يزعج المجتمع وهذان السلوكان على صلة مباشرة جداً مع هذه المرحلة الحيوية: السلوك المضاد للمجتمع وتناول المشروبات. في المرتبة الثانية تم تحليل العلاقة بين هذين التصرفين والصفات الشخصية والبيئة المحيطة بالتنشئة الاجتماعية للمراهقين. النتائج تشير ان المراهقين الفلسطين...

ملخص: هذا البحث يعرض نتائج السلوكيات المشاكسة في الطفولة الفلسطينية (يعني إيجاد بروفيل للطفولة الفلسطينية). العينة المستخدمة في هذه الدراسة مكونة من 120 طفلاً مسجلين بالمدرسة وأعمارهم تتراوح بين 11 و 13 سنة (60 ذكر، 60 أنثى). تم تطبيق اختبار BAS-3 لقياس التنشئة الاجتماعية. النتائج أظهرت تأثير الأطر الاجتماعية في التكيف والانحراف الاجتماعي.

English translation. El-Astal, S. (2005). Comportamientos disruptivos: perfil del menor palestino. En F. Fariña, R. Arce, M. Novo (Eds.), Psicología Jurídica (pp. 169-174). Santiago de Compostela: Sociedad Española de Psicología Jurídica y Forense.

This article presents summary of the findings of three investigations conducted on the same approaches adolescence in Spain, Palestine and Portugal. It aims to investigate behavioral patterns of adolescents, general and differentials, in the main areas of social life, the relationship of adolescents with their groups, the determinants of their anti...

ملخص:هذا المقال يقدم بشكل مختصر نتائج ثلاثة بحوث استخدمت نفس الطرح حول المراهقة في أسبانيا وفلسطين والبرتغال. نتطلع للبحث عن النماذج السلوكية العامة والفارقة للمراقين في موضوعات رئيسية في الحياة الاجتماعية،وعلاقة المراهقين مع نظائرهم، والعوامل التي تحدد سلوكهم المضاد للمجتمع، وبشكل عام إدراكهم للحقيقة الاجتماعية. قمنا بأخذ مجموعة من المتغيرات الاجت...

This article summarizes the conclusions of our research on adolescence in Spain, Palestine and Portugal. We intented to establish the behavioral patterns ¿global and differential¿ in the main field of social life, the relationships of adolescents with their groups, the determinant factors of their antisocial behaviours and, generally, their percept...

Relacionar la educación de adultos y el proceso educativo con los medios de comunicación, con la comunicación y el lenguaje