Sofia Boza

• Doctor in Economics
• Professor (Associate) at University of Chile

This study critically examines Chilean food governance. In particular it focuses on two aspects of inter-ministerial governance: policy “integration” and policy “coherence.” It does so by evaluating the alignment between two key policy objectives within the Chilean government; the Social Determinants of Health (SDH) and National Food and Nutrition...

This study explores how the Household Dietary Diversity Score (HDDS) and spatial visualization can inform food governance in Chile, focusing on socio-demographic and geographical determinants affecting food consumption patterns. A national household database (n = 4047), including households from 2019 (n = 3967; 98.02%) and 2020 (n = 80; 1.98%), pro...

This study explores how the Household Dietary Diversity Score (HDDS) and spatial visualization can inform food governance in Chile, focusing on socio-demographic and geographical determinants affecting food consumption patterns. A national household database (n=4,407) provided by the “Family Support Program of Food Self-Sufficiency” (FSPFS) of the...

Small-scale farmers are essential food suppliers, especially in developing countries, but they face many constraints that limit their productivity and returns. Associating with other farmers (for instance, through cooperatives) has been shown to be a strategy to mitigate these constraints; however, there are limitations in farmers’ participation an...

The international competitiveness of agri-food products is crucial for the economic growth of exporting countries, which is also closely related to critical aspects of sustainable development. This research aims to comprehensively understand the factors of international competitiveness in two contrasting cases: Spain as the world’s leading exporter...

Introduction The fragility of food systems in Chile has been exposed through concomitant crises, from a social crisis in 2019 to the COVID-19 pandemic, and ongoing climate change. There is an increased dependence on information and communication technologies (ICTs) to produce, sell, and consume food and the digital divide has increased. The lack of...

Non-tariff measures (NTMs) are relevant to agricultural trade policies, especially since trade negotiations have significantly decreased tariffs. Countries impose Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (SPS), a technical NTM, to protect human, animal, and plant health by regulating specific food quality and safety aspects. This article aims to assess...

‘Governance’, understood as organizational governance, is essential to more sustainable food provisioning systems ensuring sustainable health, heritage, and natural environments. Governance enables regional and local perspectives to be aligned with commitments from national and international organizations. Within the wealth of scholarship on food s...

Vegetable production is common in peri-urban agriculture where produce is sold in nearby towns, and the Santiago Metropolitan Region (SMR) in Chile is no exception. The objective of this article is to explore the productive, commercial and management strategies of small-scale vegetable growers at the SMR, their attitudes towards their activity, and...

The objective of this article is a diagnosis regarding the possibilities of insertion of agroecological female farmers in a short supply chain destined for restaurants. To do this, first, interviews were conducted with restaurant owners and managers in the O’Higgins Region, Chile, to identify the requirements they pose to their suppliers. Likewise,...

Agriculture has progressively decreased in its proportion of the value of international trade flows, being largely surpassed by extractive industries and, above all, manufacturing. Latin America, and especially South America, however, is one of the regions where the highest percentage of total trade comes from agricultural trade. China has become a...

Sanitary and phytosanitary measures (SPS) are within technical non-tariff measures (NTM), as they include aspects regarding quality and safety of food products. The analysis of the impact of SPS has focused on the estimation by gravity equations of their effects on import and export flows. A less explored way of addressing SPS is the study of expor...

El cooperativismo agrario es un fenómeno arraigado en América Latina, al tiempo que el desarrollo territorial está cada vez más presente en las políticas públicas y en las estrategias de las comunidades. El presente artículo tiene como objetivo analizar las prácticas y visiones de los socios de dos cooperativas agrarias en Chile y Uruguay, desde un...

The triple helix model (THM) studies the interactions between academia, industry, and government designed to promote entrepreneurship and innovation in a knowledge-based society. This paper shows how agricultural extension works through the THM for inclusive innovation to evaluate its effects on farmers. For this purpose, we analyze the case of Cul...

COVID-19-related stay-at-home orders threatened the operation of food markets, especially in cities, which are the areas where food demand is concentrated and which are dependent on a supply that is grown and processed outside their borders. Maintaining food distribution channels to and within a city is essential for ensuring the well-being of its...

Environmental and social crises in agriculture have led to growing recognition that more ecologically sustainable and socially just food and agricultural systems are needed. This thematic number of the International Journal of Agriculture and Natural Resources gathers the papers submitted by authors who were due to be speakers at the workshop "Chal...

Hoy son muchas las comunidades que han sido beneficiadas con restitución de tierras mediante la Ley Indígena. Este proyecto fue pionero en realizar un acompañamiento técnico-productivo y organizacional a cinco comunidades indígenas de la región de la Araucanía, desarrollado por profesionales del área silvoagropecuaria, social, económica y de los re...

Olive oil and the millennial generation in Chile. What do these consumers consider when buying this product? Aceite de oliva y la generación del milenio en Chile. ¿Qué consideran estos consumidores cuando compran este producto? Abstract This study aimed to identify the attributes influencing the purchase decision process of the olive oil consumer b...

The COVID-19 pandemic is superimposed on the existing challenges of obesity, undernutrition, and climate change. Currently, Chile is still facing the worst drought on record, which will continue to negatively affect agriculture. In Chile, COVID-19 also comes on top of a social crisis that began on October 18, 2019, and was driven by the cumulative...

El objetivo del presente artículo es explorar la influencia brasileña sobre la política alimentaria en Latinoamérica dentro de un marco de cooperación sur-sur basado en la transferencia. Para ello se consideró el caso de los programas de compras públicas de alimentos a la agricultura familiar tanto de Brasil, pionero a nivel regional, como de Chile...

Forest and agricultural exports, particularly fruit exports, are one of the backbones of the Chilean economy. In general, the study of this type of exports has been approached from a local perspective, regardless of the great diversity of agroclimatic conditions in the country. The objective of this article is to characterize the evolution and dyna...

The objective of this article is to explore the Brazilian influence in Latin American food policy within a framework of southsouth cooperation based on policy transfer. For this, the cases of the program of public purchases from family farming in Brazil, pioneer at regional level, and Chile, initiated during the second term of president Michelle Ba...

El objetivo de este artículo es indagar en el potencial del cooperativismo agrario para promover el desarrollo territorial rural en América Latina, analizando los casos de Chile y Uruguay. Para ello se revisan los orígenes, antecedentes y estado actual del movimiento cooperativo agrario en estos países, dentro del contexto del desarrollo del sector...

An adequate supply of fresh, high quality and accessible vegetables is essential for a healthy food system. In Latin America, these are mostly produced by smallholder farmers. The objective of this research was to characterize the productive and commercial development of small-scale vegetable growers and to further understand and explain their atti...

Small-scale family farming has a highly relevant role in Latin America’s agriculture, especially for the provision of domestic demand. This research aimed to explore attitudes and perceptions, of Chilean consumers in relation to family farming origin. To fulfil this objective, 400 surveys were applied to potential consumers of the Metropolitan and...

Fecha de recepción: 29/10/2018 Aceptación final del artículo: 17/12/2019 La Agricultura Urbana y Periurbana (AUPU) es aquella que se desarrolla al interior de las ciudades y en los territorios circundantes a ellas. Dicha ubicación deriva en conflictos por el uso de la tierra, así como también por otros recursos productivos como el agua e incluso el...

The supply of fresh, high-quality and easily accessible vegetables is essential to improve the diet in Chile. The central zone is the main production area of the country. The objective of this research was to characterize small vegetable growers of the central zone, as well as to determine their attitudes towards their activity. For this, a total o...

p>Informal economy is particularly prevalent in small-scale farming, yet little attention has been paid to it so far. This article aims to contribute to a further understanding of this phenomenon. A survey of family farmers located in the Metropolitan Region of Santiago, Chile, was conducted. The data collected were processed using descriptive and...

The supply of fresh, high-quality and easily accessible vegetables is essential to improve the diet in Chile. The central zone is the main production area of the country. The objective of this research was to characterize small vegetable growers of the central zone, as well as to determine their attitudes towards their activity. For this, a total o...

El sector agrícola es de gran importancia para la estrategia comercial latinoamericana, siendo Estados Unidos uno de sus principales destinos. Los requisitos relativos a calidad e inocuidad alimentarias de dicho mercado se han incrementado y se reflejan en un número creciente de medidas no arancelarias. El incumplimiento de estas puede llevar al re...

The objective of this paper is to assess the effect of long-term participation in an extension program on peri-urban family farming earnings. For this purpose, a survey of a sample of 156 participants in the Local Development Program (PRODESAL) of the Chilean National Institute for Agricultural Development (INDAP) was conducted in the Metropolitan...

The agricultural sector is of great importance for Latin American trade, with United States as one of its main markets. Unites States food quality and safety requirements have increased and are reflected in a growing number of non-tariff measures. Failure on the compliance of those requirements can lead to the refusal of the shipment at the border,...

The production of vegetables is essential to sustain the national supply of fresh food. The main production area in Chile is the Santiago Metropolitan Region (RMS). The objective of this research is to characterize the vegetable growers of the RMS, as well as to determine their attitudes towards their activity. For this, a total of 170 producers di...

This article aims to contribute to the evaluation of development policies for female farmers based on their beneficiaries’ attitudes. For this, it was conducted a survey in the Metropolitan Region of Santiago, Chile, to a representative sample of participants in the “Education and training program for rural women” of the Chilean National Institute...

The Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP) is a notorious example of the proliferation of so-called mega trade agreements. The countries constituting its signatory parties include five hundred million inhabitants and almost fifteen percent of the global Gross Domestic Product. The objective of this paper is to...

El estudio del crecimiento económico, y principalmente la identificación de las variables que lo motivan (o restringen), es un pilar esencial de la investigación económica. La inversión en capital físico, el cambio tecnológico, la mejora de las capacidades de la mano de obra, la calidad institucional - por mencionar algunas de las más relevantes -...

The impact of sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) measures has been extensively studied in the trade literature. However, there is very scant research on the factors underlying the World Trade Organization (WTO) members’ regulatory process. The aim of this paper is to fill that gap, examining the main determinants for the development of SPS regulation...

La presente investigación tiene como propósito contribuir a la comprensión de las actitudes de micro y pequeños productores agrícolas de la zona central de Chile ante los programas públicos de apoyo enfocados en el fomento sectorial. Para lo anterior, se llevó a cabo una encuesta a 126 empresarios de la Comuna de Cauquenes, Región del Maule, los cu...

Non-tariff measures are increasing their visibility in international trade. Among them, sanitary and phytosanitary measures (SPS) aim to protect food safety, animal and plant health. In order to limit their potential impact on trade, the World Trade Organization (WTO) fostered the signature of a multilateral agreement, which sets up mechanisms to p...

This research aims to contribute to the understanding of the attitudes related to public support programs of micro and small farmers in the central zone of Chile. For this, it was conducted a survey of 126 entrepreneurs in the Commune of Cauquenes, Maule Region, which participate in a support program coordinated by the Municipality together with th...

La agricultura familiar campesina presenta limitaciones en sus capacidadesproductivas, las cuales se acentúan en el caso de las mujeres jefas deexplotación, situación cada vez más frecuente en países de América Latinacomo Chile. En este contexto, el presente artículo tiene como objetivo analizarel caso específico del programa “Formación y capacitac...

Family farming presents limitations in its production capacities, which are accentuated in the case of women heads of exploitation, an increasingly frequent situation in Latin America and Chile. In this context, this article aims to analyze the specific case of the program "Education and training for rural women" of the Instituto de Desarrollo Agro...

One of the pillars of the European Union trade policy has been its intense and sustained participation in the multilateral negotiations at the World Trade Organization. Agricultural trade has been a particularly sensitive issue in these negotiations for the EU. Through this paper the key elements of the recent processes of Common Agricultural Polic...

RESUMEN EJECUTIVO > El objetivo del presente estudio, fue identificar, investigar y analizar los posibles factores que valora el mercado (oferta y demanda) en los productos y servicios desarrollados por productores de la Agricultura Familiar Campesina (AFC) y construir, según su valorización, la estrategia y plataforma más adecuada para la impleme...

The Metropolitan Region of Santiago has a number of important agricultural production centers, largely in the hands of micro and small entrepreneurs who are often beneficiaries of development policies. Considering the above, the main objective of this paper is to characterize these producers. For this we surveyed a total of 78 producers spread acro...

The limited rural development and the lack of opportunities to improve the local environment lead to a strong migration towards cities and to the impoverishment of the less urbanized areas. Internationally, there are cases where the School Feeding Programmes (SFPs) are collaborating with the local economies by buying their supplies from small scale...

The Metropolitan Region of Santiago has a number of important agricultural production centers, largely in the hands of micro and small entrepreneurs who are often beneficiaries of development policies. Considering the above, the main objective of this paper is to characterize these producers. For this we surveyed a total of 78 producers spread acro...

The objective of this paper is to describe the divergences in the participation of different WTO Members in SPS/TBT Specific Trade Concerns and Disputes in relation to their income level. For this, data was compiled and synthesized from the WTO bases I-TIP and Dispute Settlement Gateway for the period 1995-2012. This data was then grouped according...

Resumen En 1995, como uno de los resultados de la Ronda Uruguay de la Organi-zación Mundial del Comercio, entra en vigor el Acuerdo sobre Obstácu-los Técnicos al Comercio (OTC), cuyo objetivo principal es garantizar la potestad de los países de imponer este tipo de medidas, pero sin limitar el comercio más de lo necesario. Para ello, el Acuerdo est...

Los sistemas locales de generación eléctrica se plantean como una posible solución para la electrificación en zonas rurales aisladas. Estos sistemas permiten involucrar a las comunidades en el manejo de la energía y pueden conllevar impactos relevantes en la vida diaria, así como, en el desarrollo de sus habitantes. En este contexto, el objetivo de...

This paper aims to analyze the role of the policies that support organic agriculture in the sector promotion, from the case of Andalucia in Spain, the largest in area and number of operators in the country. To do this, in the first place, key policies at regional, national and supranational levels that have potentially affected the supply of the se...

La pobreza extrema está vinculada, habitualmente, a la falta de acceso a una alimentación sana y nutritiva, en forma regular y suficiente. En muchos países, este problema tiene mayor incidencia en el ámbito rural. Desde el sector público se han planteado estrategias para garantizar el derecho a la alimentación en hogares rurales vulnerables. En est...

In last decades, international trade has been characterized worldwide by a significant opening up, mainly based on the reduction of tariffs. However, simultaneously there has been an increase in non tariff measures (NTMs) notified to the WTO. Within this category they are technical barriers to trade (TBT) and sanitary and phytosanitary measures (SP...

La normativa sobre agricultura orgánica de los principales mercados está diseñada conforme al entendimiento de que la distancia entre el productor y el consumidor de alimentos orgánicos es considerable, lo cual no tiene que ser necesariamente cierto. En consecuencia se han desarrollado iniciativas orientadas a la utilización de canales comerciales...

El presente trabajo tiene por objeto analizar el papel de las políticas de apoyo a la agricultura ecológica en el efectivo fomento sectorial, a partir del caso de la Comunidad Autónoma de Andalucía, España, la más importante en superficie y número de operadores del país. Para ello se identifican en primer lugar las principales políticas a escala re...

In last decades, international trade has been characterized worldwide by a significant opening up, mainly based on the reduction of tariffs. However, simultaneously there has been an increase in non tariff measures (NTMs) notified to the WTO. Within this category they are technical barriers to trade (TBT) and sanitary and phytosanitary measures (SP...

El presente artículo tiene por objetivo general definir las brechas que dificultan el acceso y el uso adecuado de las TIC’s en las Pymes dedicadas a la producción pecuaria en Chile. Con el fin de concretar dicho objetivo se realizó una encuesta a una muestra compuesta por 151 directivos de Pymes lecheras ubicadas en la Región de los Ríos y la Regió...

En los últimos años, tanto la cantidad de hectáreas dedicadas a la agricultura orgánica como los ingresos generados por el consumo de los alimentos derivados de ésta han incrementado a nivel mundial. América Latina no ha quedado al margen de dicha tendencia. En consecuencia, resulta especialmente significativo revisar cuáles serían las líneas estra...

La agricultura orgánica (o cualquier otro tipo de agricultura sustentable) representa una interesante opción para diversificar la actividad económica de las zonas rurales. De hecho, desde el punto de vista del movimiento agro-ecológico este tipo de agricultura constituye una oportunidad de desarrollo rural basado en las características del territor...

The main objective of this article is to define the gaps which make more difficult the access and the appropriate use of ICT in Chilean SME's in livestock sector. In order to reach this objective, it were surveyed 151 managers of SME's in dairy sector, located in the Región de los Ríos and Región de los Lagos, Chile (provinces of Valdivia, Osorno a...

El marco regulatorio que rodea la producción agrícola orgánica se ha complejizado a medida que su mercado se ha venido desarrollando en los últimos años. Los principios y procedimientos que siguen las entidades certificadoras a la hora de analizar los productos agrícolas y concederles o no la potestad a los operadores de colocarlos en el mercado ba...

Tesis doctoral inédita. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Departamento de Estructura Económica y Economía del Desarrollo. Fecha de lectura: 7-4-2010 Bibliogr. y direcciones web : p. 277-287. - Anexos Reglamentación Europea del Consejo, sobre producción agrícola, productos agrarios y alimenticios, financiación de la política agrícola común y ayuda al...

La agricultura orgánica se ha revelado como un sector de actividad en continuo crecimiento. Su mayor consideración tanto del medioambiente como de la salubridad alimenticia en comparación con la agricultura convencional ha conseguido que la alimentación orgánica sea atractiva para los consumidores. No obstante, el potencial de la agricultura orgáni...