Sn Singh

• Doctor of Engineering
• Professor at Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur

Open-circuit switch faults (OCSFs) in power semiconductor switches are caused by wire bonding failures, gate driver malfunction, surge voltage/current, electromagnetic interference, and cosmic radiation. Under OCSFs, the signal characteristics are not excessively high, but prolonged OCSFs risk cascading system failures. This paper presents a compre...

This conference proceedings, titled "Recent Advances in Power Systems: Select Proceedings of EPREC-2024," offers comprehensive discussions, case studies, and recent advancements in power systems, with a particular focus on policy matters such as policies for distributed generation, sustainable energy, microgrid, smart grid, HVDC & FACTS, power qual...

Conventional protection schemes are susceptible to dynamic changes in AC microgrids having diverse Distributed Generators (DGs). These changes, caused by different DG types, significantly alter the fault current levels, leading to conventional Directional Over-Current Relays (DOCRs) miscoordination. The feasibility of using a single set of settings...

Integrated control strategies with Network Reconfiguration (NR), Demand Response (DR), and voltage control can reduce peak demand, energy loss, and system-wide unbalances in modern three-phase active Electric Distribution Networks (EDNs). However, simultaneous handling of these strategies is computationally complex and challenging. This paper prese...

In the present scenario, the power system expansion has been elevated due to the growing demand of energy with increase in population. The modernization of society is also the key factor for increase in energy need. This chapter discusses the installed capacity for both renewable and non-renewable energy resources in India. Further, this energy nee...

Accurate estimation of harmonics/interharmonics components is a crucial task in the electric power system. The parametric methods available for this purpose like Estimation of Signal Parameters via Rotational Invariance Technique (ESPRIT) give accurate result but suffer from very high computational burden. While on the other hand non-parametric met...

Modern electric grid usages extensive non-linear loads leading to the increased harmonic current injection in the system. This paper proposes a data-driven algorithm based on a sparse decomposition approach with the Overcomplete Hybrid Dictionary (OHD) and provides in-depth mathematical analysis to detect and mitigate harmonics in emerging electric...

Continuous injection-based islanding detection of Inverter-Interfaced Distributed Generator (IIDG) has been a general trend. The major issues in previous islanding detection methods are large Non-Detection Zone (NDZ), poor Power Quality (PQ), high implementation cost, and lack of real-time validation. Further, the threshold in most methods is not g...

The transformation of the conventional power grid into a smart grid has revolutionised the power industry. However, this has also made the power grid vulnerable to various cyberattacks. This study evaluates the vulnerability of system states, which act as crucial inputs to other essential grid monitoring and control functions, against credible fals...

This paper proposes an intelligent control scheme for a two-stage integrated onboard electric vehicle (EV) battery charger connected to a single-phase household outlet which offers a close to ideal battery charging profile with power factor correction feature. Generally, the front-end AC-DC conversion stage is controlled by dual loop proportional-i...

Time of use (TOU) pricing scheme reduces the peak demand, and electricity procurement costs by shifting flexible loads from peak to off-peak hours. The electricity price is known to the end-users a day ahead or a season in TOU pricing. When penetration of home energy management system (HEMS) and automation in a distribution system is high, the TOU...

The modular multilevel converter (MMC) based high voltage DC (HVDC) system can be effectively used for bulk power transmission. The MMC topology for the voltage source converter (VSC) has several advantages. In this work, the transformerless operation of MMC is explored. The internal dynamic of MMC can induce a third‐order zero‐sequence harmonic cu...

The paper presents an optimization-based method for topology error detection in power systems. The method utilizes the residual analysis in state estimation and minimization of normalized measurement residual, with the application of matrix inverse lemma. The work considers a hybrid measurement configuration, i.e., both SCADA and PMU measurements,...

Conservation voltage reduction (CVR) is a utility practice that reduces load demand by strategically lowering voltage magnitudes across voltage-dependent loads. This work presents a topology-assisted integrated voltage control scheme for effective CVR implementation in three-phase active electric distribution networks (EDNs) with increased spatio-t...

Available transfer capability (ATC) is very important for system operators for a fair and transparent electricity market. There are many methods to calculate and to improve the ATC value in the power system. Due to green energy focus across the globe, renewable energy integration to the system to improve the ATC value need to be established. Lots o...

Demand Response (DR), along with the Volt-Var Optimization (VVO), can be effectively utilized to reduce the loss and unbalances in an Electric Distribution Network (EDN). Network Reconfiguration (NR), a reliability enhancement strategy, is also carried out in limited numbers for a specific time and duration along with DR and VVO. This study address...

Conventional protection schemes are vulnerable to varying changes in a microgrid with different types of distributed generators (DGs), which alter the fault current levels, leading to miscoordination of directional over-current relays (DOCRs). Due to limited storage in numeric relays, having one setting for each network scenario in the relays is in...

Commercial and industrial electrical customers use the capacitor bank(CB) with an automatic power factor controller (APFC) to avoid the utility's low power factor penalty. Due to space useability, economic, and environmental benefits, solar PV with smart inverter (SI) is usually installed at commercial and industrial sites. The high voltage rise sc...

From the past few years, distribution systems paradigm is shifting more toward adaptive clustering for energy management, where the clusters are dynamically formed with respect to available generation and load demand balancing. The need of adaptive agents to study this adaptive decentralized clustering is of a much need. This paper makes an attempt...

Purpose This paper aims to accurately estimate harmonics/interharmonics in modern power system. There are several high spectral resolution techniques that have been in use for several years like Estimation of Signal Parameters via Rotational Invariance Technique (ESPRIT), Prony methods, etc. but these techniques require prior knowledge of number of...

In this chapter, we discussed about charging methods of EVs that may be either conductive or wireless charging. Currently, most of the EV and charging equipment manufacturers are utilizing conductive charging method. This can be further categorized on the basis of load requirement and charger location. Accessories used for charging EVs follow diffe...

This article presents a grid integrated single-stage solar photovoltaic system supported with a battery energy storage to charge the battery of an electric vehicle. An efficient energy management system based on the state of charge, generated SPV power, and total load demand is designed for battery energy storage. Each connected EV can choose to op...

In present scenario, the power system is playing an indispensable role in modernization. The current situation shows a rising pattern of load and would have a considerable impact on the reliability of distribution network. Reliability of the delivery network is considered to be of critical significance, since it is the only connection between custo...

The strong mutual influence of Demand Response (DR) and Volt/Var Optimization (VVO) on each other has largely been ignored in most of the previous schemes. Those research studies, which collectively consider DR and VVO, deal with minimal devices. Further, rescheduling of loads participating in DR and phase-specific operations of voltage control dev...

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Islanding detection of Inverter Interfaced Distributed Generators (IIDGs) is a major aspect of microgrid automation. Most islanding detection techniques, either active or passive, are developed based on threshold settings, and hence, have limited application. Detection of the mode of oscillation in frequency signal measured at the Point of Common C...

Maintaining the Power Quality (PQ) of supply in a microgrid is a challenge due to the massive integration of Inverter Interfaced Distributed Generators (IIDGs). Supply’s PQ and IIDG controller’s transient performance degrade due to continuous, uncontrolled, and non-decaying injections in active methods for islanding detection. Also, active methods...

A strategic phasor measurement unit (PMU) placement scheme is proposed in this work to reduce the cyber vulnerability of the power system against cyber attacks. A multi-stage PMU placement strategy is developed to alleviate the power system vulnerability against the possible false data injection attacks using the forward dynamic programming to dist...

Electrical load forecasting is an integral tool used by the grid operator to operate the smart power network. The information related to the electrical load is a prerequisite towards the effective and optimal operation of the power network with renewable and conventional generation resources. Economical bidding in the energy markets is directing re...

This article presents a multiobjective multiscenario framework for the placement of remote-controlled switches (RCSs) to enhance the efficiency and reliability of the unbalanced distribution systems. Two scenarios are formulated, which include healthy and postfault persistent conditions. A healthy condition consists of cumulative power loss and agg...

Available transfer capability (ATC) plays an important role for both buyers and suppliers in the deregulated power system. As the integration of renewable energy sources is taking place very quickly in the system. It is not suggested to place wind generation (WG) at any point of the system. In this paper, the optimal location of buses for WG using...

Successful deployment of electric vehicles demands for establishment of simple reachable charging stations (CSs). Scheduling and action of CSs is a composite problem and that should not affect the smooth operation of the power grid. The present paper attempts to solve the planning and operation of CSs by a novel chicken swarm optimization‐based heu...

The electric power industry is moving toward a deregulated structure from the conventional centralized structure. The renewable energy sources (RES) penetration fastens the restructuring. Among the various RESs available, the solar photovoltaic (PV) is considered as the candidate in this chapter. Along with the advantages, solar PV power production...

Accurate short-term forecasting of renewable-based generating sources is an essential tool for plants owner and system operator in order to take informed operational decisions. This chapter presents various neural network (NN) and deep learning (DL)-based approaches to forecast the solar PV generation. The random vector functional link (RVFL) model...

The prime source of life on earth is solar energy. Scientist has developed several ways to utilize this energy. Hence, several modern techniques are functioning to convert solar energy into other useful form of energy. Electrical energy is such an example of this transformation. In this context, solar photovoltaic (SPV) cells in a solar panel that...

Rapid grid integration of inverter-interfaced distributed generators (DGs) and low-voltage ride-through capability of the smart inverter, as per IEEE 1547 standard, has made unintentional islanding detection (UID) cumbersome. Also, the feeder reconfiguration capability in meshed microgrids with multiple DGs has made the existing UID techniques inef...

Proportional-Integral (PI) controllers are widely accepted industrial controllers. These controllers also find their applications in wind energy conversion systems (WECSs). Although such controllers are well researched and developed too, their linear nature and sensitivity of their gains towards variations in plant’s parameter are some noticeable d...

Using electric vehicles (EVs) for transportation is considered as a necessary component for managing sustainable development and environmental issues. The present concerns regarding the environment, such as rapid fossil fuel depletion, increases in air pollution, accelerating energy demands, global warming, and climate change, have paved the way fo...

It has been observed by the practicing engineers that the inclusion of measurements fromphasor measurement units (PMUs), current measurements in particular, into the conven-tional state estimators (SEs), may deteriorate the numerical performance of the SEs interms of convergence and accuracy. This paper analyzes the reason for such possible ill-con...

The increasing trend of renewable energy sources (RESs) integration in the distribution systems may cause voltage fluctuations and voltage limit violations. The smart inverters with reactive power capability (RPC) and active power curtailment (APC) control can solve the grid voltage issues. In this paper, three-phase optimal power flow (TPOPF) is a...

Currently, the modular multilevel converter (MMC) is the most advanced voltage source converter topology. Because the MMC is a converter topology, the most common approach for controller design is considering the conventional converter model to design the controller accordingly. Though this approach ignores the internal dynamics of the MMC, the mod...

This study proposes an energy management system (EMS) to manage a standalone hybrid power system (HPS) comprising solar photovoltaic (PV), proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), and a battery energy storage. The battery and a hydrogen storage system in PEMFC provide short‐ and long‐term electricity storage, respectively. The EMS ensures electr...

The active power output of a wind power system needs regulation due to the stochastic nature of wind speed. A flywheel energy storage system (FESS) is a viable option for active power regulation in a wind power plant. An efficient energy management system (EMS) for FESS is required for healthy operation of the overall connected system. A wind speed...

Recent studies imply that despite having a high level of security features and accurate algorithms, Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) are vulnerable to False Data Injection (FDI) in the measurements. These FDIs could be: 1) an intentional FDI Attack (FDIA) or 2) unintentional errors resulting from limited precision, communication medium, noise, etc....

The chapter deals with an overview of the rural electrification with DC microgrid and the introduction to electric vehicles (EVs). The best option for rural electrification is the reliable and standalone system. DC microgrid requires less maintenance, which is advantageous in the rural areas. The most significant development in DC microgrid increas...

This article proposes a network reconfiguration methodology using repository-based constrained nondominated sorting genetic algorithm with preference order ranking for an unbalanced distribution system. The algorithm can accommodate the variable nature of load demand and distributed generator output. A mathematical multiobjective model is formulate...

Large rural areas in some regions of the world are still grappling with the challenge of electrification. The optimal solution is to provide reliable energy without adding more fossil fuel plants by using distributed renewable generation. Microgrids are part of that solution; they are small networks of electricity users, with a local generator that...

Solar power forecasting is important for the reliable and economic operation of power systems with high penetration of solar energy. The solar power forecasts for the day-ahead time horizon are more erroneous than the hour-ahead time horizon. Numerical weather prediction (NWP) variables such as irradiance, cloud cover, precipitation etc. are used a...

The accelerating energy demand, growing concern regarding global warming and climate change has paved the path of electrification of the transport sector. Large scale adoption of Electric Vehicles (EVs) call for availability of sustainable and easily accessible charging infrastructure. The sporadic energy demand, different battery storage capacity...

As electric power industries are moving towards restructuring of the power system, several challenges and key issues are arising such as congestion, pricing, operation, and management. Violation of line loading and/or bus voltage limits of the power system due to various transactions at any time is known as congestion. Congestion in the system may...

Purpose For vector control of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) requires motor speed and rotor position estimation. The precision of the open-loop techniques of the stator flux and speed for vector control PMSM drive drops as mechanical speed decreases. The stator resistance and estimated stator flux values crisscross have a huge effect on...

Smart cities are envisioned to efficiently use two most critical resources: water and energy. Advanced techniques are being developed to conserve water and to minimize the use of conventional energy. The integration of battery energy storage (BES) technology and renewable energy (RE) sources in the system is very much required to enable the efficie...

Content of this proceedings discusses emerging trends in structural reliability, safety and disaster management, covering topics like total quality management, risk maintenance and design for reliability. Some papers also address chemical process reliability, reliability analysis and engineering applications in chemical process equipment systems an...

Vector control scheme widely used for control purpose of PMSM drives require rotor position information. Generally, sensors are used for this purpose, which increases cost, size and complexity of the system and also reduces the efficiency of drives. So it becomes essential to avoid the use of these sensors and go for sensorless drives. In this pape...

Background Since its beginning in 1980, wind energy generation has gained newer heights and emerged as the most promising renewable energy technology at present. Wind turbine rating has increased from few kW to MW and now multi-MW turbines are also available and in operation too. Introduction: Impact of wind turbines on the grid has significantly i...

This paper proposes a network reconfiguration methodology using repository based constrained non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm with preference order ranking (RCNSGA-PO) for an unbalanced distribution system. The algorithm can accommodate the variable nature of load demand and distributed generator (DG) output. A mathematical multiobjective mo...

Unbalanced loading in the distribution systems causes feeder unbalance. This feeder unbalance deteriorates the power quality and increases power loss in the system. This paper proposes an analytical approach of phase balancing considering the load profile of each bus. The minimization of power loss is taken as an objective, considering the requirem...

Recently, False Data Injection Attack (FDIA) has gained much attention in the electrical research community, because of the adverse effects of FDIA on the day-today operation of smart grids. Recent literature provides various approaches to formulate the Attack Vector (AV), to misguide the DC state estimator as well as AC state estimator. However mo...

Distribution system reconfiguration is a complex combinatorial optimization problem. Finding a globally optimal solution to this problem in a short span of time is a challenging task. This paper presents two different network reconfiguration method-ologies, viz., a look-up table based algorithm and a Pareto-optimization based algorithm. Power loss...

Energy efficiency is one of the pillars in the transition to a decarbonized market, i.e. progressing towards a low-carbon culture, the European Union (EU) could be using about 30% less energy in the middle of the century as compared with 2005. A decarbonized society encompasses public involvment and work in low energy, low emission structures with...

In this paper, multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) and preference order (PO) ranking based multiobjective planning model is presented for placement and sizing of wind and solar-based distributed generators (DGs), and capacitors in the multi-phase distribution network, under uncertainty considering network reconfiguration. Uncertaint...

With increased integration of wind energy systems, an accurate wind speed forecasting technique is a must for the reliable and secure operation of the power network. Statistical methods such as Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) and hybrid methods such as Wavelet Transform (WT) based ARIMA (WT-ARIMA) model have been the popular techn...

A phaselet approach for the real-time differential protection of the series-shunt compensated transmission line is proposed here. Phasors of the signal using phaslet approach can be obtained at 0.4 sub cycle. The measured input currents from both ends of the transmission line are fed to the phasor estimation algorithm where both current signals are...

This book comprises select proceedings of the International Conference on Advancement in Energy, Drives, and Control. It covers frontier topics in optimization and control. It covers applications of optimization processes in areas such as computer architecture, communication systems, system optimization, signal processing, fluid dynamics and proces...

The efficient operation of high performing Variable Speed Drives (VSD) requires rotor angle information. Sensorless methods have become very fascinating for industrial users, as these inhibit several advantages over sensor based methods. In this paper, a Model Reference Adaptive System (MRAS) has been implemented for speed estimation of Permanent M...