Slobodan E Makarov

Verified

Slobodan verified their affiliation via an institutional email.

Learn more

Verified

Slobodan verified their affiliation via an institutional email.

Learn more

• Dr
• Professor (Full) at University of Belgrade

This paper presents a faunistic review of the millipedes of Mt. Avala, located near Belgrade, Serbia. It is the first thorough study of millipedes at the local level, combining freshly collected material, material from collections, and published data. In total, the millipede fauna of Mt. Avala comprises 25 confirmed species from 18 genera and 11 fa...

Millipedes of the order Glomerida are known to produce quinazolinone alkaloids as defensive substances. However, chemical data are rather scarce and all hitherto available publications refer to a single glomeridan family, the Glomeridae. To contribute to the knowledge of the chemical ecology of glomeridans, we collected species, Typhloglomeris coec...

Schendyla antici sp. nov., a dwarf geophilomorph from the Mt. Medvednik (Western Serbia, Balkan Peninsula), is described and illustrated based on the specimens extracted from the soil samples. A detailed comparison with all species within the genus is provided. The new species has the lowest number of leg-bearing segments within the genus Schendyla...

The present paper is devoted to the description of three new species of the genus Acanthophorella Antić & Makarov, 2016 from Georgia, western Caucasus: A. devi Antić sp. nov. and A. valerii Antić sp. nov., both presumed troglobionts and each from a single cave, and the epigean A. aurita Antić sp. nov. The troglobiotic Acanthophorella barjadzei Anti...

The Ribnica River Gorge represents a unique natural beauty and is partially protected as a natural monument under Serbian law. The meandering course of the river is adorned with numerous caves and natural springs. Several populations of endangered and protected species have found their habitat in this gorge and its cave systems, including at least...

The Balkan Peninsula is considered a hotspot of biodiversity, especially for cave dwelling organisms, and is known as the “cradle” of speleobiology. The diversity of cave-dwelling millipedes within the Balkan Peninsula exhibits a pronounced richness, of wh ich the “ Bulgarosoma” complex of genera is one of the most unique groups, with 18 species in...

Numerous millipede species produce a defensive secretion that contains a variety of volatile compounds grouped into alkaloids, quinones, phenols, and esters. 1 Chemical composition of defensive secretion is unknown for the majority of members of the genus Pachyiulus Berlese, 1883 and up to now analyses of secretion constituents were done only for P...

Two modes of post-embryonic development, hemianamorphosis and epimorphosis, show a distinct pattern among extant centipede (Chilopoda) orders. Although studies on post-embryonic development in Lithobiomorpha date back to the 19th and the 20th century, many ambiguities referring to nomenclature of their post-embryonic stages still exist. In this pap...

Three modes of postembryogenesis are recognized in millipedes: telo-, hemi- and euanamorphosis. Aims of this study were to determine: 1) the mode of postembryonic development, 2) the number of postembryonic stadia, 3) the first postembryonic stadium when males and females can be distinguished and 4) when the adulthood is reached in Megaphyllum bosn...

A new troglobiotic species, Dazbogosoma mokoshae sp. nov., is described from a cave in the eastern Serbia. This is the second species from the previously monospecific genus Dazbogosoma Makarov & Ćurčić, 2012. An updated diagnosis of the genus, as well as a diagnosis, detailed description, illustrations and in situ photographs of a new species, base...

Although morphological variation may have an effect on behaviour, there are only a few studies on julid millipedes in which the influence of the variability of some morphological traits on mating success has been explored. Hence, objectives of this study were to investigate mating behaviour in laboratory conditions and identify traits that could po...

A new species of the genus Caucaseuma Strasser, 1970, Caucaseuma strasseri Antić sp. nov., is described from a cave in the Western Caucasus, representing the eighth species of the genus, and the fourth presumed troglobiontic Caucaseuma. An updated key to and a distribution map of all eight species of Caucaseuma is presented, including new records....

TRACK 1-lecular weight pattern of proteins. CONCLUSIONS: The results in term of digestosomatic index, specific activities of digestive enzymes, and chyme biochemical characteristics physiologically responded with post-prandial changes in bigfin reef squids. The food transited rapidly and was maximally digested by enzymes within 0.5 to 4 h after fee...

A new species of minute cave-dwelling centipedes, Lithobius radjai sp. nov., is described and illustrated based on specimens collected from a cave in Croatia (Balkan Peninsula). A detailed account of the morphology of specimens of both sexes is provided. Furthermore, a brief comparison with other morphologically similar species is presented, and th...

Covariation of multiple morphological traits and modularity have been widely studied in the field of evolutionary developmental biology. Subunits of a morphological structure can evolve separately from each other in a modular fashion. The aims of our study therefore were: i) to test the hypothesis of modularity in the dorsal part of the head capsul...

Here we describe a new monotypic glomerid genus, Macedomeris gen. nov., with Macedomeris ivoi sp. nov. (a presumed troglobiont) as its type species. The new genus clearly differs from all other genera within the order Glomerida by the combination of several morphological characters: the presence of a characteristic deep lateral pit (“Ohrgrube”) on...

This paper presents a description of a new monotypic genus of the family Anthroleucosomatidae – Cornogonopus pavicevici gen. nov., sp. nov. – from a cave in eastern Serbia. This new genus is the tenth of the “Bulgarosoma” complex of genera. The new species is illustrated with micrographs, SEM photographs, drawings, as well as in situ photographs. F...

Here we describe in detail the late post-embryonic development of the common European scolopendromorph centipede Cryptops parisi. Canonical variate analyses of two groups of external morphological characters, viz., cephalic capsule characters (head length, length of the anterior and posterior paramedian cephalic sutures) and coxopleuron surface cha...

Until now, morphological trait variation has been investigated in several millipede species using geometric morphometrics. The present study is the first attempt to explore sexual shape and size dimorphism (SShD and SSD) of morphological structures in Polydesmida. We here analyse antennal, head, and leg SShD and SSD in Brachydesmus troglobius Daday...

The first detailed description of early development of the recently described European geophilid Geophilus serbicus is presented. Based on specimens from a natural population from the Balkan Peninsula, new insight was gained into the reproductive and developmental biology of the group. Changes in the morphology of brooded specimens allow 15 early d...

Geophilus serbicus sp. nov., a new epigeic centipede species, is described and illustrated based on specimens collected from the Stara Planina Mountains (the Balkan Mountain Range), Eastern Serbia, Balkan Peninsula. Considerations on the taxonomic relationships with some similar Geophilus species are briefly presented, and the distribution of the n...

Millipedes use an array of chemical compounds to defend themselves from predator attack. These chemical substances can have additional roles, i.e. defence against various pathogens. We evaluated the efficacy of the defensive secretion of Apfelbeckia insculpta (L. Koch, 1867) against bacteria, yeasts, and filamentous fungi. The tested secretion cons...

Sexual size and shape dimorphism (SSD and SShD) are understudied phenomena in millipedes. In the present study, we investigated both kinds of sexual dimorphism in some morphological traits, as well as whether shape of the morphological traits varied more than their size. Three julidan species, viz., Pachyiulus hungaricus (Karsch, 1881), Megaphyllum...

A case of schistomely (= bifurcation) of one ultimate leg in an adult female of the scolopendromorph centipede, Cryptops parisi, is presented. A possible origin of the anomaly observed is discussed. All previously published records of leg bifurcation in centipedes are summarized.

It is now widely accepted that bioactive compounds of fruits and vegetables reduce oxidative stress, thus having the beneficial effect of decreasing the risk of many human diseases. The aim of this in vivo study was to evaluate the possible protective effects of Aronia melanocarpa (Michx) Elliott fruit extract using Drosophila melanogaster Meigen,...

Members of the millipede order Julida rely on dominantly quinonic defensive secretions with several minor, non-quinonic components. The free radical-scavenging activities of ethanol, methanol, hexane, and dichloromethane extracts of defensive secretions emitted by Pachyiulus hungaricus (Karsch, 1881) and Megaphyllum unilineatum (C. L. Koch, 1838) w...

In insects, cuticular hydrocarbon (CHC) profile is involved in many important biological functions and may vary in different conditions. Among fruit fly species, Drosophila subobscura is one of the most frequently used in genetic, ecological and evolutionary research, because of its rich chromosomal polymorphism, specific behavioral repertoires and...

Millipedes (Diplopoda) of the order Julida are known to produce mixtures of quinones (usually as dominant compounds), phenolics, alcohols, esters, aldehydes, ketones, and anthranilate derivatives as agents of antipredator defense. Apart from the mentioned role, data on other biological activities of these secretions are scarce. Being soil organisms...

A review of the genus Typhloiulus Latzel, 1884 (Julida: Julidae) in the Dinaric region is given. Previously published and new faunistic records are provided for each species, together with notes for some of them. Four new species are described: T. clavatus sp. nov., T. gracilis sp. nov., T. opisthonodus sp. nov., and T. parvulus sp. nov., all from...

In the light of growing interest in discovering new sources of natural antimicrobial agents, we extracted and tested the efficiency of julid defensive secretions in comparison with commercially used antibiotic and antimycotics. This work involved chemical characterization of the defensive secretions of Cylindroiulus boleti (C. L. Koch, 1847), Megap...

A new millipede species, Dalmatosoma agaricum gen. et sp. nov., is described from a cave in Dalmatia (Croatia). The new taxon is clearly unique among chordeumatidans in both anterior and posterior gonopod structure and shows some noteworthy habitus features. We therefore here establish a new monotypic family, viz., Dalmatosomatidae, for the given t...

In recent years, it is widely accepted that bioactive compounds of fruits and vegetables are related to reduction of oxidative stress, thus having the beneficial effect of decreasing the risk of many human diseases. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the possible protective effects of Aronia melanocarpa fruit extract. This in vivo study w...

Scolopendromorpha are epimorphic centipedes, i.e., juveniles hatch with the full complement of segments and legs. However, there is very little information about the number of free-living instars in this order. We here analyse characteristics of the post-embryonic development of the European species Cryptops parisi from the time when the young anim...

The defensive secretion of the julid diplopod Typhloiulus orpheus contains methyl N-methylanthranilate (MNMA), an ester of N-methylanthranilic acid that comprises more than 99% of secretion of this species. MNMA is accompanied by small amounts of methyl anthranilate and two benzoquinones (2-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone and 2-ethyl-1,4-benzoquinone, resp...

Cave animals live under highly constant ecological conditions and in permanent darkness, and many evolutionary adaptations of cave-dwellers have been triggered by their specific environment. A similar “cave effect” leading to pronounced chemical interactions under such conditions may be assumed, but the chemoecology of troglobionts is mostly unknow...

The cavernicolous polydesmid Brachydesmus troglobius Daday, 1889 was described from the Hungarian Abaligeti Cave (Mecsek Mountains). Although previously known from only its type locality, the species was later found in caves of other European countries. Redescription of the species from museum samples and newly collected material using optical and...

Apfelbeckia insculpta (L. Koch, 1867) is one of the largest European millipedes and an endemic species of the Balkan Peninsula. We present data on sexual dimorphism in size and body proportions obtained from 179 adult specimens of this species from four caves in Serbia and one in Montenegro using univariate and multivariate morphometric techniques....

The concentration of 10 metallic trace elements or MTE (Cu, Fe, Zn, Mn, As, Hg, Pb, Cd, Ni, and Cr) was measured in specimens of the troglophilic millipede Apfelbeckia insculpta (L. Koch, 1867) and sediment of the cave Hadži-Prodanova Pećina in western Serbia. Some MTE, like Fe and Mn, displayed much higher concentrations compared to other elements...

Although millipedes (Diplopoda) represent one of the most diverse classes of arthropods, data concerning details of their mating behaviour are very scarce. In this work, we explored mating behaviour of the European millipede Pachyiulus hungaricus under laboratory conditions, and its relationship with the size and shape of certain morphological trai...

Fifteen new genera and 36 new species of the diplopod family Anthroleucosomatidae Verhoeff, 1899 are described from the Caucasus, one of the world’s biodiversity hotspots: Golovatchosoma bacillichaetum gen. et sp. nov., G. trichochaetum sp. nov., Alpinella waltheri gen. et sp. nov., Brachychaetosoma turbanovi gen. et sp. nov., Caucaseuma elephantum...

A new troglobitic species of the previously monotypic genus Biokoviella Mršić, 1992, B. mosorensis Antić & Dražina sp. nov., is described from caves on Mt. Mosor, Croatia. In addition to this, B. mauriesi Mršić, 1992, is partially re-described, and the taxonomic status of the family Biokoviellidae is reconsidered. The genus Biokoviella is placed in...

Observation of the brooding behaviour of seven epimorphic centipedes (Cryptops anomalans; Cryptops parisi; Henia illyrica; Pleurogeophilus herzegowinensis; Stenotaenia linearis; Strigamia herzegowinensis; and Schendyla carniolensis) in situ reveals that the mothers guard their eggs and hatchlings with either the dorsal or the ventral surface outwar...

The defensive chemistry of juliformian millipedes is characterized mainly by benzoquinones (”quinone millipedes”), whereas the secretions of the putative close outgroup Callipodida are considered to be exclusively phenolic. We conducted a chemical screening of julid secretions for phenolic content. Most species from tribes Cylindroiulini (15 specie...

Cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs) in Drosophila melanogaster represent the basis of chemical communication being involved in many important biological functions. The aim of this study was to characterize chemical composition and variation of cuticular profiles in five D. melanogaster strains. These strains were reared for approximately 300 generations...

Development of the cryptopid centipede Cryptops parisi is analyzed for the first time. During the period between oviposition and abandonment of the brood, we identified sixteen brood-dependent stages under the three developmental phases (embryonic, embryoid, and adolescens) on a sample collected at the Babin Zub locality in Serbia. In summary, eigh...

Na ponašanje tokom udvaranja i parenja kod Drosophila utiču brojni genetički i sredinski faktori. Tokom procesa udvaranja, prepoznavanje jedinki se zasniva na različitim signalima koji su specifični za vrstu, pol i socijalni status. To su brojni olfaktorni, gustatorni, vizuelni, akustični i taktilni stimulusi. Hemijska komunikacija kod Drosophila m...

Pygidial glands are universal feature of ground beetles. • Role of glandular secretions-chemical messages. • Chemical groups of secretions found in carabid pygidial glands: 1. hydrocarbons; 2. aliphatic ketones; 3. saturated esters; 4. formic acid; 5. higher saturated fatty acids; 6. unsaturated carboxylic acids; 7. phenols; 8. aromatic aldehydes a...

Three adult cave-dwelling ground beetle species were induced to discharge secretions of their pygidial glands into vials. Dichloromethane extraction was used to obtain the secretions. In total, 42 compounds were identified by GC/MS analysis. Pheggomisetes ninae contained 32 glandular compounds, Laemostenus (Pristonychus) punctatus 13, whereas Duval...

Three new species of the family Anthogonidae are described from caves in Croatia and Montenegro, respectively: Egonpretneria vudutschajldi Antić & Dražina sp. n., Haasia jalzici Antić & Dražina sp. n., and Macrochaetosoma bertiscea Antić & Makarov sp. n. All three subfamilies within Anthogonidae are diagnosed, with brief discussion of relationships...

A new species of Heterolatzelia Verhoeff, 1897, H. karlstrasseri sp. n., is described from the Đatlo Cave in east Herzegovina. A brief discussion about the relationship between H. karlstrasseri sp. n. and H. durmitorensis Gulička, 1968 and a distribution map of the family Heterolatzeliidae are presented. In a recent revision of the family Heterolat...

Three new monotypic genera are described from underground habitats in Croatia: Balkanodesmus biokovensis gen. n., sp. n., Solentanodesmus insularis gen. n., sp. n. and Velebitodesmus cavernicolus gen. n., sp. n. In all three new genera the prefemoral part of the gonopods is orientated transversely to the main body axis, and all three new genera pos...

Published and unpublished data on the centipedes of Serbia (including Kosovo and Metohija) is summarised and critically reviewed in this study. Sixty-one species (1 Scutigeromorpha, 31 Lithobiomorpha, 5 Scolopendromorpha, and 24 Geophilomorpha) are listed and discussed, 18 of wich are new to Serbia.

Pachyiulus hungaricus is one of the largest European millipedes, distributed mainly on the Balkan Peninsula. There are no records of chemical composition of defensive fluids within any members of the genus Pachyiulus. This species possess three lines of defense: aposematic coloration, hard calcified cuticle with possibility for spiral twisting, and...

The last quarter of the 20th century was a time of unprecedented progress in animal phylogenetics, largely thanks to the rapidly increasing availability of DNA, RNA and protein sequences, and the development of increasingly powerful and critically sensitive techniques for their analysis. In the case of centipedes (Arthropoda: Myriapoda: Chilopoda)...

Published and unpublished data on the centipedes of Serbia (including Kosovo and Metohija) is summarised and critically reviewed in this study. Sixty-one species (1 Scutigeromorpha, 31 Lithobiomorpha, 5 Scolopendromorpha, and 24 Geophilomorpha) are listed and discussed, 18 of wich are new to Serbia.

Within order Chordeumatida, with about 50 families, Anthroleucosomatidae is one of the most heterogeneous and least understood. Up to this statement, family Anthroleucosomatidae included 23 genera and about 50 species with a disjunct distribution in Europe, Asia and North America. Of these numbers, even 15 genera and about 35 species can be found o...

The adults of three ground-beetle species were induced to discharge defensive secretions into vials. The secretions were obtained by CH2Cl2 extraction. Altogether 11 compounds were identified by GC-MS analysis. Calosoma sycophanta possesses 10 defensive compounds, Carabus ullrichii seven, while Abax parallelepipedus has six compounds. Methacrylic,...

A second member of the genus Belbogosoma Ćurčić & Makarov, 2008, the troglobitic B. stribogi n. sp., is described, illustrated and diagnosed. A brief discussion of anthroleucosomatids from Serbia and a distribution map of the genus are provided. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. 173038]

The defensive secretions of two blaniulid millipedes, Nopoiulus kochii and Cibiniulus phlepsii, were characterized by GC-FID and GC/MS analyses, which showed the presence of a complex mixture of benzoquinones, hydroquinones, and oleates. Altogether, 13 compounds were identified. The major compound in the secretions of both analyzed species was 2-me...

A second member of the genus Belbogosoma Curcic & Makarov, 2008, the troglobitic B. stribogi n. sp., is described, illustrated and diagnosed. A brief discussion of anthroleucosomatids from Serbia and a distribution map of the genus are provided.

A new species of troglobitic false scorpion, Roncus bosniensis n. sp. (Neobisiidae, Pseudoscorpiones), is de-scribed from inside an underground habitat, the Jama Pored Puta Pit, nr. Jajce, Bosnia and Herzegovina. The analyzed pseudoscorpion proves to differ from all other congeners, but is closest to R. hajnehaj Ćurčić & Dimitrijević. It is possibl...

A complex mixture of compounds was identified from the secretion of specimens of Unciger transsilvanicus. Phenol and p-cresol were detected for the first time in the family Julidae, and for the second time in the order Julida. Thirteen quinones were identified, with a great relative abundance of toloquinone and 2-methoxy-3-methyl-1,4-benzoqui-none....

A new species of troglobitic false scorpion, Roncus bosniensis n. sp. (Neobisiidae, Pseudoscorpiones), is described from inside an underground habitat, the Jama Pored Puta Pit, nr. Jajce, Bosnia and Herzegovina. The analyzed pseudoscorpion proves to differ from all other congeners, but is closest to R. hajnehaj Ćurčić & Dimitrijević. It is possible...

A single species of Roncus L. Koch, 1873, which was collected in the Baretina Lokva on Mt. Orjen, Montenegro, is new to science (R. teutae n. sp.) and described herein. Its diagnostic characters are illustrated and their distribution is provided. The possible establishment of this species of Roncus is presented briefly in view of the importance and...

A new blind false scorpion, Microchthonius kasteli n. sp., from the Mićoletova Jama Pit, Rudine, nr. Kaštel, Dalmatia, has been described. The new pseudoscorpion is different from all other congeners. It is probable that this new taxon is the remain of an old tropical soil fauna, which now inhabits the subtropical area of the Mediterranean seaside....

A careful analysis of samples of pseudoscorpions (Neobisiidae, Pseudoscorpiones) from two underground habitats, one near Trebinje (Herzegovina) and the other from the National Park Paklenica (Croatia), has yielded two species of the genus Roncus L. Koch new to science, Roncus tribunus n. sp. and R. argyrunti n. sp. Both new species are described th...