Slawomir A. Lux

www.inSilico-IPM.eu

The objective of the presented study was to demonstrate the potential of a bottom-up “ethological” approach and individual-based model of Markov-like stochastic processes, employed to gain insights into the factors driving behavior and fate of the invasive propagule, which determine the initial stages of pest invasion and “cryptic” existence of the...

The European cherry fruit fly, Rhagoletis cerasi is a univoltine, oligophagous pest of cultivated sweet cherries. The pest is closely associated with the canopy of its host tree, and its on-farm behaviour and mobility are determined by the crop structure and spatial arrangement of the farm. However, in spite of its relevance to integrated pest mana...

This book contains 20 chapters and is divided into 4 parts focusing on genetic resources and improvement, ecophysiology and production, pests and diseases and their management and harvesting, processing and utilization of sweet and sour cherries.

This proceedings contains papers dealing with issues affecting biological control, particularly pertaining to the use of parasitoids and predators as biological control agents. This includes all approaches to biological control: conservation, augmentation, and importation of natural enemy species for the control of arthropod targets, as well as oth...

The paper reports application of a Markov-like stochastic process agent-based model and a “virtual farm” concept for enhancement of site-specific Integrated Pest Management. Conceptually, the model represents a “bottom-up ethological” approach and emulates behavior of the “primary IPM actors”—large cohorts of individual insects—within seasonally ch...

PESTonFARM is an agent-based pattern-oriented model with elements of cellular automata, developed to simulate insect behaviour within seasonally changing mosaic of farming landscapes, under the challenge of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) actions. The model is based on a software construct (‘virtual insect’), acting according to a pre-defined set...

El objetivo de este estudio fue de comparar el comportamiento en el cortejo de varias razas de mosca del Mediterráneo salvajes y criadas en masas, de manera de determinar el grado de diversidad en el comportamiento del cortejo entre poblaciones de moscas del Mediterráneo y para poder analizar sus implicaciones para la estrategia de aplicación de la...

Los efectos de irradiaciones rutinarias de machos criados en masa de la mosca del Mediterráneo, Ceratitis capitata sobre su capacidad de apareamiento fueron re-evaluados. El comportamiento del cortejos de los machos fue observado y cuantificado tanto en el laboratorio (grabaciones de videos en jaulas) y en condiciones de jaulas en campo. Para los e...

Bactrocera invadens Drew, Tsuruta & White (Diptera: Tephritidae) invaded Kenya in 2003. Before the arrival of B. invadens, the indigenous fruit fly species Ceratitis cosyra (Walker) was the predominant fruit fly pest of mango (Mangifera indica L.). Within 4 yr of invasion, B. invadens has displaced C. cosyra and has become the predominant fruit fly...

Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) and Chilo orichalcociliellus Strand (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) are gramineous stem borers that occur sympatrically in the southern coastal area of Kenya. Evidence over a 30-yr period indicates that the indigenous stem borer, C. orichalcociliellus, is being gradually displaced by the exotic stem borer, C. partellus. Comparati...

The fruit of indigenous, cultivated, and naturalized exotic plants was sampled in Kenya to determine the geographical and host plant distributions of the fruit fly pests Ceratitis anonae (Graham), Ceratitis cosyra (Walker), Ceratitis fasciventris (Bezzi), and Ceratitis rosa Karsch. In 1997, cultivated and wild fruit were sampled on the Kenya coast...

The effects of food deprivation, age, and mating status on the responses of three fruit fly species, Ceratitis cosyra (Walker), Ceratitits fasciventris (Bezzi), and Ceratitits capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae) to natural and artificial sugar and protein food sources were investigated. Natural food sources included guava [Psidium guajava L...

Host acceptability and suitability Psyttalia concolor (Szépligeti) is a koinobiont, larval parasitoid of tephritid fruit flies. Individuals of P. concolor were field-collected from coffee in the central highlands of Kenya, and cultured initially on Mediterranean fruit fly (medfly), Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann). They were then examined for their a...

Psyttalia cosyrae (Wilkinson) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) is a koinobiont, solitary larval-pupal parasitoid of Ceratitis cosyra (Walker) (Diptera: Tephritidae), and possibly other tephritid fruit flies. The effect of temperature on developmental time and longevity of this parasitoid was investigated and the thermal requirement at six constant tempera...

The influence of food sources comprising the natural diet on the reproductive behaviour, fecundity and longevity of three African fruit flies Ceratitis cosyra (Walker), C. fasciventris (Bezzi) and C. capitata (Wiedemann) was investigated. Three natural food sources, varying in protein and sugar content, were evaluated. These included bird droppings...

A new fruit fly species, Bactrocera invadens Drew, Tsuruta & White (originating from Asia) detected in Kenya in 2003 is reported to be spreading across tropical Africa. The pest which is closely related to the Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) group is believed to be of tremendous quarantine concern when introduced. Most African countries are conducting...

The persistence and infectivity of aqueous, oil/aqueous (50:50) and granular formulations of Metarhizium anisopliae were evaluated against pupariating larvae of three species of fruit flies (Ceratitis capitata, C. fasciventris, and C. cosyra) and their associated endoparasitoids (Psyttalia concolor and P. cosyrae) in field cage experiments. Compare...

(-)-Ceralure B1 (ethyl-cis-5-iodo-trans-2-methylcyclohexane-1-carboxylate), a male attractant for the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), is significantly more attractive than trimedlure (tert-butyl esters of 4(5)-chloro-2-methylcyclohexane-1-carboxylate), the current standard male attractant used in detection programs. This ar...

Wild mango fruit fly Ceratitis cosyra, was attracted to and oviposited preferentially on immature and mature green than ripe yellow mango fruits in the field. Volatile compounds from fruits of mango and marula, at different ripeness stages, were trapped on octadecyl reversed-phase silica. The volatile compounds were identified using gas chromatogra...

A set of 10 microsatellite markers was used to survey the levels of genetic variability and to analyse the genetic aspects of the population dynamics of two potentially invasive pest fruit fly species, Ceratitis rosa and C. fasciventris, in Africa. The loci were derived from the closely related species, C. capitata. The degree of microsatellite pol...

The effect of temperatureon conidial germination, mycelial growth, andsusceptibility of adults of three tephritidfruit flies, Ceratitis capitata(Wiedemann), C. fasciventris (Bezzi) andC. cosyra (Walker) to six isolatesof Metarhizium anisopliae were studied inthe laboratory. There were significantdifferences among the isolates in the effect oftemper...

Tests were conducted on wild Mediterranean fruit flies, Ceratitis capiata (Wiedemann), in Hawaii, Italy, and Kenya, and on sterile released flies in Florida and California with a new male attractant, (-)-ceralure B1. Compared on an equal dosage basis, Mediterranean fruit fly males were significantly more attracted to the (-)-ceralure B1 than to tri...

A new fruit fly species suspected to be from the Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) group (originating from Asia), was detected during routine field surveys in the Coast Province of Kenya. Since most species in this group are of tremendous quarantine concern when introduced, and considering the fact that it has never before been detected or reported in c...

Psyttalia cosyrae (Wilkinson) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) is a synovigenic, koinobiont larval-pupal parasitoid of Ceratitis cosyra (Walker) (Diptera: Tephritidae), and possibly other tephritid fruit flies. Host acceptance and suitability of medfly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae), mango fruit fly, Ceratitis cosyra, Natal fruit f...

The effect of host age and sex on the susceptibility of 3 tephritid fruit fly species, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), C. cosyra (Walker) and C. fasciventris (Bezzi) to the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae (Metchnikoff) Sorokin was studied in the laboratory. Three adult host ages, 0 (<1 day-old), 7-day-old and 14-day-old, were used. A...

The infectivity of 4 isolates of Metarhizium anisopliae to puparia of Ceratitis capitata treated as late third-instar larvae in unsterilized soil was investigated in the laboratory under controlled temperature and moisture. At 20-30 degrees C, mortality in puparia was highest at water potential of -0.1 and -0.01 mega Pascal (MPa) and lowest at wate...

This chapter discusses the biological control of fruit flies infesting Mango in Africa. The use of entomopathogens, parasitoids and chemical signals that modify pest behaviour is discussed.

The possibility to cross-species amplify microsatellites in fruit flies of the genus Ceratitis was tested with the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) by analysing 23 Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) microsatellite markers on the genomic DNA of three other economically important, congeneric species: C. rosa (Karsch), C. fasciventris (Bezzi) and C. cosyra...

The pathogenicity of two isolates of Beauveria bassiana and 12 of Metarhizium anisopliae towards adult fruit flies, Ceratitis capitata and Ceratitis rosa var. fasciventris was tested in the laboratory. Fruit flies were exposed to dry conidia evenly spread on velvet material covering the inner side of a cylindrical plastic tube. All isolates tested...

The pathogenicity of 13 isolates of Metarhizium anisopliae and two isolates of Beauveria bassiana to Ceratitis capitata and Ceratitis var. rosa fasciventris exposed as late third instar larvae in sand was evaluated in the laboratory. All isolates caused a significant reduction in adult emergence and a corresponding large mortality on puparia of bot...

Arabica coffee was sampled from two sites in the central highlands of Kenya (Rurima, Ruiru) and one site on the western side of the Rift Valley (Koru). Three species of ceratitidine Tephritidae, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), C. rosa Karsch and Trirhithrum coffeae Bezzi, were reared from sites in the central highlands, and an additional species, C...

We analyzed the courtship behavior of wild and mass-reared strains of the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), by means of video recording. Males of both strains were placed with wild females. The proportion of males successful in copulating with females did not differ significantly between strains. However, the mass-reared stra...

The effect of proximity of the release points of the two pheromone components (Z)-11-hexadecenal and (Z)-11-hexadecen-1-ol of the spotted stem borer,Chilo partellus (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) on behavior of the males and on trapping efficiency was investigated. Separating the dispensers of the two components in the trap by a mere 3 cm resulted in a t...

Vertical air-flow olfactometer suitable for study of the influence of odours on walking insect behaviour was described. The results of preliminary experiments proved that the olfactometer enables long-lasting "quasiethological" observations. Employed method of observation gave quantitative information about the influence of odours on ratios of basi...

An instrument for recording changes in insect mobility under the influence of pheromone was described. The instrument was named "phonoactograph" because the intensity of rustle made by insects was utilized as a correlate of their movement. The Colorado beetle males exposed to the action of the female odour increased their mobility significantly.

Behavioural events underlying observations of uniform egg dispersion in field populations of the cabbage seed weevil, Ceutorhynchus assimilis, among winter rape, Brassica napus, seed pods (siliques) were investigated. We observed that each act of egg deposition into a pod was followed by specific and fixed behaviour in which females brushed the pod...