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25
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Introduction
Skills and Expertise
Current institution
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January 1993 - June 2017
Publications
Publications (25)
Emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O) from soils from grazed grasslands have large uncertainty due to the great spatial variability of excreta deposition, resulting in heterogeneous distribution of nutrients. The contribution of urine to the labile N pool, much larger than that from dung, is likely to be a major source of emissions so efforts to determi...
Objectives: In Northern Europe most arable crops receive significant amounts of manufactured nitrogen (N) fertilisers, which can be associated with large losses of the greenhouse gas (GHG), nitrous oxide (N2O). The UK GHG inventory, and commercial GHG accounting procedures, calculate N2O emissions using non-UK specific methods e.g. the standard met...
The MIN-NO project (Minimising nitrous oxide intensities of arable crop products; 2009 to 2014) used multi-site industry data, field experiments and modelling to improve estimates of nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions and Emission Factors (EF) associated with major UK arable crops and their products. Of 24 field experiments conducted in widely contrasti...
Mathematical models, such as the DNDC (DeNitrification DeComposition) model, are powerful tools that are increasingly being used to examine the potential impacts of management and climate change in agriculture. DNDC can simulate the processes responsible for production, consumption and transport of nitrous oxide (N2O). During the last 20 years DNDC...
The UK's greenhouse gas inventory for agriculture uses a model based on the IPCC Tier 1 and Tier 2 methods to estimate the emissions of methane and nitrous oxide from agriculture. The inventory calculations are disaggregated at country level (England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland). Before now, no detailed assessment of the uncertainties in...
National and international requirements for greenhouse gas emissions
demand the development of more accurate inventories and mitigation
options that are effective in reducing emissions. The UK government set
a target for the year 2050 of an 80% reduction in greenhouse gas
emissions compared to the 1990 baseline. Estimate of UK national
emissions is...
A detailed inventory framework was developed to estimate nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4) emissions from UK agriculture using the IPCC approach. The inventory framework model was illustrated by combining relevant emission factors with agricultural census data for England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland for the year 2000 to derive country...
Buildings housing livestock are the second largest source of ammonia (NH3) emissions from UK agriculture. In the UK c. 42% of NH3 emissions from buildings are from those in which cattle and pigs are bedded on straw. Additional straw may reduce NH3 emission by reducing airflow across surfaces soiled by urine, and by immobilization of ammonium–N. The...
This study aims to assess the influence of livestock density on NH3 emissions from cattle housed on a straw-bedded system. The study was conducted at IGER, North Wyke, England, UK, using a system of polytunnels designed specifically for measuring gaseous emissions from housed cattle. To achieve different livestock densities, the floor area within e...
Outdoor concrete yards are commonly found on UK livestock farms, and, to a lesser extent, elsewhere in Europe, and represent a potentially significant source of ammonia (NH3) emissions to the atmosphere. This study provided further measurements from a larger sample than previously made, to improve the robustness of the estimate of total NH3 emissio...
Buildings housing cattle contribute 19% (42 kt NH3-N yr(-1)) of total UK ammonia (NH3) emissions. In the UK there is not usually an abrupt switch from cattle being kept inside to when they are turned out to graze 24 h a day. Moreover, during the summer dairy cows return to the farm twice a day to be milked and may spend some time inside buildings....
Approximately 20% of pig slurry in the UK is applied to land as dilute slurry (<2% dry matter content) via irrigation systems, which may result in larger emissions of ammonia (NH3) to the atmosphere than conventional application techniques. This study aimed to quantify this source under UK conditions and to assess the possibilities for emission aba...
Methane emissions were measured from sheep grazing on pastures that received one of three managements, either 70 or 270 kg
N fertiliser ha−1 or one which had a high proportion of white clover present. A system for measuring the emissions is described which enables
measurements to be made under near natural grazing conditions. Continuous measurement...
Ammonia emissions from agriculture are a cause for environmental concern contributing 226 kt NH3- N per year to the atmosphere. Emissions from outdoor concrete yards or hard standings represent a pre- viously ignored but potentially significant source of ammonia. To increase the robustness of estimates of ammonia emission from hard standings, measu...
