Sivakumar Manickam

• PhD Tech Chemical Engineering
• Professor (Full); Director - Centre for Green Technology and Sustainability Research at University Technology Brunei

With growing consumer demand for natural products, greener extraction techniques are found to be potential alternatives especially for pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and cosmetic manufacturing industries. Cavitation-based technology has drawn immense attention as a greener extraction method, following its rapid and effective extraction of numerous...

The 20th century has witnessed a remarkable enhancement in demand for varieties of consumer products ranging from food, pharmaceutical, cosmetics, and other industries. To enhance the quality of the product and to reduce the production cost, industries are gradually inclined towards greener processing technologies. Cavitation based technologies are...

Background With the advent of the 21st century, natural food products and functional food ingredients have been heavily marketed as additives to improve human health and well-being. Although the early iterations were chemically synthesized, more emphasis on natural raw materials for pharmaceutical products shifted the focus towards microorganisms s...

Nanocellulose (CNF) has emerged as a promising alternative to synthetic petroleum-based polymers, but the conventional preparation process involves multiple tedious steps, heavily dependent on chemical input, and proves cost-inefficient. This study presented an, in situ ultrasound-assisted extraction using deep eutectic solvent (DES) based on choli...

Recent decades have seen an increase in using self‐healing technology in fabricating multifunctional rubber materials, which incorporate intrinsic mechanisms. However, achieving commendable self‐healing efficiency while maintaining strength in thin rubber films remains challenging. Herewith, the preparation of self‐healing carboxylated nitrile buta...

Understanding the bubbly shock mechanism in partially cavitating flows is vital for both controlling and harnessing cavitation. Venturis, due to their geometric confinement, provide an ideal platform for investigating this phenomenon. This study introduces an automatic identification method for cavitation stages in an axisymmetric Venturi dominated...

Inorganic metal nanoparticles present a powerful option for both therapeutic and photocatalytic applications, owing to their distinctive characteristics that address various challenges. Zinc oxide (ZnO) and copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles, in particular, have been noted for their safety and efficacy in a variety of biomedical applications as well...

The human body gets exposed to a variety of toxins intentionally or unintentionally on a regular basis from sources such as air, water, food, and soil. Certain toxins can be synthetic, while some are biological. The toxins affect the various parts of the body by activating numerous pro‐inflammatory markers, like oxidative stresses, that tend to dis...

The Venturi reactor, widely used in process intensification through hydrodynamic cavitation technology, has proven highly effective in various chemical and environmental applications. The cavitation intensity of a Venturi is primarily influenced by shape parameters such as the convergent angle (β1), throat diameter (dth), throat length (lth), and d...

Cyclone separators are separation devices that use the principle of inertia to remove particulate matter from flue gases. The present study mainly focuses on wall erosion in cyclone separators and associated research. The main locations of erosion in gas-solid cyclone separators, including the entrance impact section, cyclone roof corner, vortex fi...

Appropriate oral hygiene significantly reduces the possibility of oral infections. However, dental caries and periodontal diseases are major oral health issues causing chronic diseases due to poor oral health. Recently, herbal compounds have gained interest in maintaining oral health. Extracts of burdock root (Arctium), noni fruit (Morinda citrifol...

The utilization of plant-derived chemicals with anti-diabetic properties is widely promoted for its advantageous tactics in managing diabetes, as they are cost-effective and have minimal or no adverse effects. Therefore, this work investigates the medicinal plant Jasminum officinale L. leaves by extraction and bio-guided fractionation. The ethyl ac...

Hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) is widely acknowledged as a promising green approach for enhancing various production and waste management processes, such as water treatment, sludge pretreatment, lignocellulosic biomass (LCB) pretreatment, emulsification, and food processing. Despite demonstrating superior industrialization potential compared with oth...

Numerous mushroom species are valued not just for their flavor but also for their health advantages. Historically, these mushrooms have been utilized for medicinal purposes across different parts of the world. Research has revealed that metabolites derived from these fungi have health benefits. Recently, there has been a growing interest in underst...

Alternative to synthetic dyes containing harmful compounds, dyes derived from natural sources are gaining popularity due to their safer and eco-friendly nature. This study focuses on extracting red dye from Basella alba fruit and optimising the extraction methods, including ultrasonic bath, ultrasonic probe, and direct heating. The extracted dye wa...

Hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) has emerged as a promising technology for water disinfection. Interestingly, when subjected to specific cavitation pressures, jet pump cavitation reactors (JPCRs) exhibit effective water treatment capabilities. This study investigated the cavitation flow and vorticty transport in a JPCR with various area ratios by utili...

Antibiotics have become a new type of organic pollutant. Traditional methods of antibiotic treatment have several problems, including low treatment efficiency, high cost, and low safety. As an emerging process intensification technology, hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) can significantly enhance degradation efficiency coupling with other treatment mean...

The ecological and human health risks caused by the overuse of antibiotics have aroused widespread concern. Due to the characteristics of antibiotics themselves, they cannot be effectively removed by traditional treatment methods. HC is considered as a new and innovative chemical process enhancement technique. which exhibits remarkable efficiency i...

In recent years, researchers have increasingly focused on the development of multiphase trimetallic nanocomposites (TMNC) incorporating ternary metals or metal oxides, which hold significant potential as alternatives for combatting biofilms and bacterial infections. Enhanced oral health is ensured by the innovative techniques used to effectively pr...

The increasing pollution of ecosystems by both biological and non-biological contaminants has recently fostered the rapid development of biosensors, thus opening a new investigation area in analytical sciences. Here, we review the applications of immunosensors in food safety, human health, environmental sciences, water pollution, and agriculture. W...

Hydrodynamic cavitation (HC), a promising technology for enhancing processes, has shown distinct effectiveness and versatility in various chemical and environmental applications. The recently developed advanced rotational hydrodynamic cavitation reactors (ARHCRs), employing cavitation generation units (CGUs) to induce cavitation, have demonstrated...

The potato is the fourth most common crop cultivated globally every year. Potato peel is the major waste released by potato-processing industries and poses a global environmental threat. Potato peel contains beneficial nutritional rich organic and bioactive compounds that can be used in a variety of ways. Aside from serving as a natural antioxidant...

This study investigates a prospective and straightforward method for producing graphene material derived from biomass, examining the influence of plant cell composition and functions. The experimental outcomes highlight ultrasound's crucial role in synthesizing graphene material sourced from biomass. Ultrasound, a pivotal element in the experiment,...

The toxicity of ginkgo kernel is a global concern, restricting its consumption as a medicinal food. This study focuses on eliminating the toxic components, specifically ginkgolic acid, from ginkgo kernel juice. The approach used was probiotic fermentation with autochthonous lactic acid bacteria combined with macroporous resin. Compared to using lac...

Centre of advanced technologies, Faculty of science, university of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech republic; b school of Biological and environmental sciences, shoolini university of Biotechnology and Management sciences, solan, india; c department of Biotechnology, tiFaC-Centre of relevance and excellence in agro and industrial Biotechnology...

The Pleurotus pulmonarius (Fr.) Quel. (Grey Oyster mushroom) is one of the most widely consumed mushroom species worldwide, and it possesses various medicinal properties. The application of ultrasound resulted in P. pulmonarius extracts with improved bioactivities both in cellular and animal models. However, no studies have investigated the prevent...

This study originated from the observation that plant cell walls can bind soluble phenolics through noncovalent interactions. Celery and blueberry cell wall materials obtained from waste sources were selected as effective adsorbents for purifying phenolics. First, the impact of environmental ionic strength on the adsorption of phenolics by plant ce...

Mushrooms possess therapeutic attributes such as anti-cancer, immunomodulation, antioxidant, hypolipidaemic, antiviral, antibacterial, hepatoprotection, and antidiabetic effects. In the family Pleurotaceae, Pleurotus spp. is the second most important commercial mushroom. The most widely cultivated Pleurotus spp. is Pleurotus ostreatus, followed by...

This investigation examined how the Bacillus vallismortis laccase (rBVL-MRL522) influenced the physicochemical characteristics, structural attributes, and functional capabilities of both dough and noodles. Incorporating rBVL-MRL522 (1 U/g) did not lead to a substantial change in the water absorption of wheat flour. However, the introduction of rBVL...

The growing potential of sustainable materials such as polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), polylactic acid (PLA), alginate, carrageenan, and ulvan for bioplastics production presents an opportunity to promote a sustainable circular economy. This review investigates their properties, applications, and challenges. Bioplastics derived from algae offer an en...

Pancreatic cancer is one of the fatal malignancies, and the early stages of pancreatic cancer are symptomless. 60%–70% of pancreatic cancers originate in the pancreas, head, and neck. The diagnosis of pancreatic cancer is noticed too late, mainly in the metastatic phase for 75%–80% of patients, which is very difficult for the survival of the patien...

Nowadays, fruits are gaining high demand due to their promising advantages on human health. Astonishingly, their by-products, that is, seeds and peels, account for 10–35% of fruit weight and are usually thrown as waste after consumption or processing. But it is neglected that fruit seeds also have functional properties and nutritional value, and th...

Hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) is widely considered a promising process intensification technology. The novel advanced rotational hydrodynamic cavitation reactors (ARHCRs), with considerably higher performance compared with traditional devices, have gained increasing attention of academic and industrial communities. The cavitation generation unit (CG...

This study optimized biodiesel synthesis from Pangasius fat using a Box-Behnken experimental design. The manipulation of key variables included the CoFe2O4 catalyst dosage, the methanol-to-fat molar ratio, and the ultrasonic wave amplitude. We determined optimal conditions for biodiesel synthesis through the central runs, resulting in a remarkable...

This study is aimed to explore the feasibility of ultrasound on enhancing the fermentation properties of ginkgo kernel juice by Lactiplantibacillus plantarum Y2. Specifically, ultrasound at 20 kHz and different intensities (mild ultrasound intensity-84.42 W/L, moderate ultrasound intensity-115.50 W/L, high ultrasound intensity-173.88 W/L) with a pu...

Heavy Pb pollution has been noted in many developed countries. This study examined Pb pollution in Jiaozhou Bay for human security. We used the survey data on the Jiaozhou Bay waters of May, September and October 1994, the results examines Pb content and its horizontal distribution in the surface water bodies, which showed that the in the waters of...

Hg pollutes the environment, living organisms, and humans; hence, studying Hg content is essential for human health security. Using the dataset in May, September, and October, the Hg content, horizontal distribution, sources and transportation paths in the waters of Jiaozhou Bay were easily determined. These results indicate that the Hg content cha...

We have employed the large eddy simulation (LES) approach to investigate the cavitation noise characteristics of an unsteady cavitating flow around a NACA66 (National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics) hydrofoil by employing an Eulerian-Lagrangian based multiscale cavitation model. A volume of fluid (VOF) method simulates the large cavity, whereas...

Water reclamation from lakes needs to be accomplished efficiently and affordably to ensure the availability of clean, disinfected water for society. Previous treatment techniques, such as coagulation, adsorption, photolysis, ultraviolet light, and ozonation, are not economically feasible on a large scale. This study investigated the effectiveness o...

Using natural dyes in dyeing industries becomes an alternative to synthetic dyes, which are known to contain harmful chemicals that can pose risks to the environment and human health. This study involves the extraction of yellow dye from Cassia alata flower petals, optimization of the extraction process using an ultrasonic bath (40 KHz and an input...

Ultrasonic waves can induce physical and chemical changes in liquid media via acoustic cavitation. Various applications have benefitted from utilizing these effects, including but not limited to the synthesis of functional materials, emulsification, cleaning, and processing. Several books and review articles in the public domain cover both fundamen...

Ganoderic Acid (GA), a major bioactive compound isolated from the East Asian medicinal mushroom Ganoderma tsugae, is traditionally believed to have significant medicinal properties. GA is poorly soluble in water, which poses several challenges in terms of its formulation. In this study, Ganoderma tsugae extracts obtained through ethanol extraction...

Biodiesel, with its nature of clean, biodegradability, and renewability, is an ideal substitute for fossil diesel. This critical review focuses on the advances in process intensification of biodiesel production by the emerging hy-drodynamic cavitation (HC) technology. The recent progress in HC reactors and HC-assisted biodiesel production are summa...

Cells produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) as a metabolic by-product. ROS molecules trigger oxidative stress as a feedback response that significantly initiates biological processes such as autophagy, apoptosis, and necrosis. Furthermore, extensive research has revealed that hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2) is an important ROS entity and plays a crucia...

Nutraceutical supplements provide health benefits, such as fulfilling the lack of nutrients in the human body or being utilized to treat or cure certain diseases. As the world population is growing, certain countries are experiencing food crisis challenges, causing natural foods are not sustainable to be used for nutraceutical production because it...

In the present research, hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) and zero-valent iron (ZVI) were used to generate sulfate radicals through sulfite activation as a new source of sulfate for the efficient degradation of Direct Red 83 (DR83). A systematic analysis was carried out to examine the effects of operational parameters, including the pH of the solution,...

Ganoderic Acid (GA), a major bioactive compound isolated from an oriental medicinal mushroom, i.e. Ganoderma tsugae, has traditionally been found to have significant medicinal properties. As a result of GA's poor solubility in water, formulation poses several challenges. Additionally, the traditional method of administering it via alcohol always re...

The physicochemical properties of blackberry cell walls under air drying with and without contact ultrasonication were analysed, and their ability to bind soluble phenolics was evaluated. Compared to air drying alone, ultrasound promoted cell wall shrinkage and reduced their specific surface area and water binding capacity. Meanwhile, the in-proces...

Following recent viral outbreaks, there has been a significant increase in global demand for gloves. Biomedical research increasingly focuses on antimicrobial gloves to combat microbial transmission and hospital-acquired infections. Most antimicrobial gloves are manufactured using antimicrobial chemicals such as disinfectants, biocides, and sanitiz...

Long-term exposure to the highly toxic heavy metal arsenic can harm ecological systems and pose serious health risks to humans. Arsenic pollutant in water and the food chain must be addressed, and active prompt detection of As (III) is essential. The development of an effective detection method for As (III) ions is urgently needed to slow the alarm...