Sinerik Ayrapetyan

• Professor
• Chair at Life Sciences International Postgraduate Educational Center

The activation of Na/⁴⁰Ca exchange in reverse (R) mode leading to neuronal swelling and muscle contraction has been suggested as a mechanism for generation of pain signals. However, the activation of R Na/⁴⁵Ca exchange, having higher rate than R Na/⁴⁰Ca exchange, brings to depression of pain sensation, the mechanism of which is not clear. The previ...

Previously we have shown that nM ouabain-induced activation of cAMPdependent Na/Ca exchange in reverse (R) mode in cell membrane has age-dependent weakening hydration effect on heart muscle and brain tissues and such Na/Ca exchange is characterized by quantum mechanical sensitivity. As in biological experiments radioactive 45Ca is used for the stud...

Brief Biosketch He is the President of Life Sciences International Postgraduate Educational Center and head of UNESCO Chair in Life Sciences. Professor Sinerik is one of the leading authority in membrane biophysics and cellular transport mechanism experts in the world. He is the author of 7 books and 185 papers in refereed journals, and is serving...

Previously, we have suggested a hypothesis that the metabolic net water efflux from the cells is a key mechanism for metabolic controlling semipermeable properties of the cell membrane, dysfunction of which is a common consequence of cell pathology. The existence of the electrogenic Na/K-pump in the cell membrane, beating high ATP utilizing the mac...

A recent study has shown 40Ca and 45Ca leading to activation of RNa/40Ca and RNa/45Ca exchange have pain and pain relief effects, respectively, because of E45>E40 the increase [45Ca]i brings to activation Ca-Calmodulin-NO-cGMP -induced stimulation of Na/Ca exchange in forwarding (F) mode. It was shown also that 4Hz mechanical vibration (MV) has pai...

The correlation between cell hydration and proliferation is one of the controversial subjects in the present cancer research because the detailed mechanism(s) of correlation between these two cell parameters are not evaluated yet. The fact that magnetic fields have antitumor effects and our previous data that the effect of 4 Hz pulsing magnetic fie...

Previously, we have suggested the metabolic controlling of cell hydration as a common quantum mechanical sensitive target through which different factors could modulate membrane excitability and impairment of metabolic driving of water efflux from the cells being a key mechanism, which inhibits inward Na + currents (I Na), considering as a primary...

The cognitive function of brain and contractility of heart muscle are accompanied with age-dependent dehydration of tissues of these two organs. The aim of the present study is to reveal which of the abovementioned two organs primarily fail as a result of dysfunction of age-sensitive metabolic mechanism. For this purpose, the age-dependent sensitiv...

The fact that pain can be provoked by different phenomena starting from mechanical damage to the dysfunction of different metabolic pathways, and it could be modulated by weak physical factors (intensity less than thermal thresholds) and extremely low chemical factors, which are unable to activate ionic channels in the membrane, indicates that pain...

The role of Na+/K+-ATPase α subunit isoforms in brain tissue hydration and [3H]-ouabain binding to cell membrane were investigated in three age groups of rats. In brain cortex, subcortex and cerebellum tissues the variation of water content and [3H]-ouabain binding to cell membrane were defined by means of dose-dependent [3H]-ouabain solutions. The...

Previously, it was hypothesized that the over-hydration of excitable cells leading to the abnormal excitation of the membrane, which transmits the nerve signal to the central neuronal system, can generate pain sensation. To check this hypothesis by means of painless and painful heating of experimental animals with “hot plate” method the hydration s...

Previously we have shown that 4 Hz and 8 Hz EMF exposures have depress-ing effect on the thermodynamic activity of water, which decreases peroxide formation. It has also been shown that 4 Hz EMF-treated physiological solu-tion modulates the growth and development of microbes and heart muscle contractility, but 8 Hz EMF has pronounced inhibitory eff...

The metabolic controlling of tissue hydration is the fundamental parameter determining cell functional activity and its dysfunction is the common consequence of any cell pathology, including aging. The aim of the present study is to reveal the differences of age-dependent metabolic controlling of cell hydration of excitable tissue such as brain cor...

The dysfunction of Na/K pump α subunit as the principal cause for carcinogenesis and target of the effect of cisplatin Liana Yeganyan1, Yerazik Mikayelyan1, Emma Ayvazyan1, Gagik Bazikyan2 and Sinerik Ayrapetyan1 1. Life Sciences International Postgraduate Educational Center, Armenia 2. National Center of Oncology, Armenia The aim of the present...

From the biophysical point of view pain signal can be considered as an abnormal (hyper) excitation of neuronal and muscle membranes, which is transmitted into central nervous system (CNS) and generates pain sensation. Since pain can be generated by different phenomena, starting from mechanical damage to the breakdown of different metabolic pathways...

The Membrane Theory, which is based on the principles of classical thermodynamics, explains the biological effects of environmental factors on living cells by the changes of membrane electrical conductivity. Thus, the experimental data on biological effects of extremely weak physical signals (with the intensity even less than thermal threshold), wh...

Abstract The elucidation of the mechanism on the biological effects of weak chemical and physical factors on cells and organism is one of the modern problems in life sciences. According to the Receptor Theory of Prof. Bernard Katz the impact of the biological substances on cells is realized through the activation of ligand-gated ion channels in the...

Modern educational, research and innovation programs in biophysics, biotechnology and environmental health are extremely important for promotion of social, economic and cultural systems of developing countries and their successful implementation can be achieved through integration of the research and educational potential of developing countries wi...

It is known that the decrease of Na + gradients on cell membrane is a common consequence of cell pathology. According to the classical membrane theory, low permeability of cell membrane for Na + and high permeability for K + are the main reasons for asymmetric distribution of inorganic ions between intra-and extra-cellular mediums and generation of...

Overhydration of cells is a hallmark for early detection of cancer (1). However, the nature of the metabolic mechanism, the dysfunction of which leads to decontrolling of cell hydration and generation of Warburg phenomena in cancer cells, has not been elucidated yet. Na+/K+-ATPase, having a central role in metabolic regulation of cell hydration, ha...

WATER MOLECULE AS A QUANTUM MECHANICAL SENSOR AND PRIMARY MESSENGER FOR CELL SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION The classic membrane theory explains cell signal transduction by the changes of membrane electrical conductivity. However, the experimental data on biological effects of extremely weak physical signals (with the intensity even less than thermal thresho...

In this work the effect of 4Hz 30dB horizontal mechanical vibration (MV) on thermal pain threshold, hydration and [3H]-ouabain binding in brain and heart muscle tissues of rats was studied. It was revealed that 4Hz MV treatment for 10 minutes increased pain threshold, which was accompanied by brain and heart muscle tissue dehydration. In vitro stat...

Previously we have shown that 8Hz EMF has depressing effect on thermodynamic activity of water, which decreases peroxide formation, and 8Hz EMF-treated aqua solution depresses the growth and development of microbes in aqua medium. Therefore, in order to elucidate the possible mechanism of 8Hz EMF on brain function, in the present work the studies o...

Objective: To examine the effectiveness of 'Trials of Improved Practices' (TIPs) on dietary and iron-folate intake during pregnancy. Design: Community based quasi experimental study with a control group. Participants: Pregnant women in 13-28 weeks of gestation. Intervention: TIPs was implemented in addition to ongoing essential obstetric care servi...

Previously, we have suggested that cell hydration is a universal and extra-sensitive sensor for the structural changes of cell aqua medium caused by the impact of weak chemical and physical factors. The aim of present work is to elucidate the nature of the metabolic messenger through which physiological solution (PS) treated by non-thermal (NT) mic...

Based on our previous finding that metabolically controlled cell hydration is sensitive to the changes of physicochemical properties of cell aqua medium, which take place upon the effect of weak physical signals, including microwaves with non-thermal intensity (NT MW), it has been hypothesized that cell aqua medium serves as a primary target for NT...

The effects of non-thermal intensity of microwave (NT MW)-treated physiological solutions (PS) on muscle contractility, 45Ca uptake by muscle and muscle hydration of snail isolated heart in normal and K+-free PS were studied. The intra-cordial perfusion by NT MW-treated PS led to inhibition of heart beating with gradual decrease of the amplitudes o...

Neuronal dehydration and high [Ca2+]i are essential hallmarks for age-dependent memory impairment. Na+/K+-ATPase, having membrane transporting and intracellular signaling functions, has age-induced dysfunctional character. Therefore, it could have a key role in age-dependent neuronal dehydration and increase of [Ca2+]i. However, it is not clear the...

The weak knowledge on the nature of cellular and molecular mechanisms of biological effects of NIR such as static magnetic field, infrasound frequency of mechanical vibration, extremely low frequency of electromagnetic fields and microwave serves as a main barrier for adequate dosimetry from the point of Public Health. The difficulty lies in the fa...

“Changes in cell hydration” has been hypothesized as an input signal for intracellular metabolic cascade responsible for biological effects of non-ionizing radiation (NIR). To test this hypothesis a comparative study on the impacts of different temperature- and NIR (infrasound frequency mechanical vibration-MV, static magnetic field-SMF, extremely...

Abstract The aim of the present work is to study the time-dependent effects of mechanical vibration (MV) at infrasound (IS) frequency at 4 and 8 Hz on E. coli K-12 growth by investigating the cell proliferation, using radioactive [(3)H]-thymidine assay. In our previous work it was suggested that the aqua medium can serve as a target through which t...

Previously the higher magnetosensitivity of Na+/K+ pump-α3 isoforms and its age-dependent dysfunction was shown. It was suggested that the latter could be a consequence of inhibition of Ca2+ efflux from the cell. To check this suggestion the age-dependency of 45Ca2+ exchange, and their ouabain- and magnetosensitivities in rat heart muscles were stu...

Although the age-induced tissue dehydration is accompanied by increase in the risk of different medical disorders, the messenger role of cell dehydration in generation of various diseases is not clear yet. As among the number of mechanisms involved in regulation of cell hydration Na/K pump and Na/Ca exchange have a fundamental role, in present work...

Abstract Age-dependent effect of Static Magnetic Field (SMF) on rats in a condition of active and inactive Na(+)/K(+) pump was studied for comparison of brain tissues hydration state changes and magnetic sensitivity. Influence of 15 min 0, 2 Tesla (T) SMF on brain tissue hydration of three aged groups of male albino rats was studied. Tyrode's physi...

Cell hydration as a primary messenger for signal transduction in cells Living cells have metabolic controlling asymmetric distribution of organic and inorganic substances between intra-and extracellular mediums which is controlled by cell metabolism. Therefore, the bioavailability and bioequivalence of factors will be determined by their ability to...

Cell hydration is a dynamic and extra sensitive fundamental cell parameter determining its functional activity. Recently we have hypothesized that Na + /K + pump α3 isoforms are responsible for cell hydration controlling system. A dysfunction of this system was suggested as a primary gate for generation of cell pathology. To test this hypothesis th...

In our previous work we have shown that the age-dependent decrease in the magnetosensitivity of heart muscle hydration is accompanied by a dysfunction of the Na(+) /K(+) pump. The reciprocal relation between the Na(+/) K(+) pump and Na(+) /Ca(2+) exchange in development was suggested as a possible pathway for the age-dependent decrease in the magne...

Effect of intraperitoneally (i.p.) injected sub-anesthetic (8×10 -5 -8×10 -2 mg/g) and anesthetic (0.1 mg/g) doses of ketamine on rats' pain sensitivity and tissue hydration were studied. Determination of water content of tissue was performed by Adrian's traditional " tissue drying " experimental procedure. The number of functionally active recepto...

Previously it has been shown that cell hydration is a universal and extrasensitive marker for different environmental mediums and functional state of tissue and organism. The comparative study of cell hydration of different organs (brain cortex, liver, and skeletal muscle) at various experimental conditions (microstress, pathology, and different po...

The effects of extremely low frequency electromagnetic field (ELF EMF) on physicochemical properties of physiological solution at different environmental media were studied. The existence of frequency "windows" at 4 and 8 Hz frequencies of ELF EMF having effects on heat fusion period, hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) formation and oxygen (O(2)) content...

In present review are presented data on functional role of α3-Na+/K+ pump isoform-dependent Ca exchange in weak signal transduction in cells. According to the classic "Membrane theory" signals can modulate membrane functional activity by changing its conductive function: activation or inactivation of ionic channels leading to cell membrane depolari...

More than 40 years cell over-hydration serves as a diagnostic marker for carcinogenesis. However, the nature of cell volume controlling mechanism dysfunction of which leads to over hydration and abnormal cell proliferation is not clear yet. The individual roles of Na+/K+ pump isoforms having different affinity to ouabain (α1-low, α2-midle and α3-hi...

The aim of the present work was to investigate the frequency-dependent effects of mechanical vibration at infrasound frequency (MV at IS frequency or MV) on E. coli K-12 growth by investigating the cell proliferation, using radioactive [(3)H]-thymidine assay. The frequency-dependent effects of MV were shown that it could either stimulate or inhibit...

In the present work, the frequency-dependent effects of extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field (ELF EMF) on Escherichia coli K-12 growth have been studied. The frequency-dependent effects of ELF EMF have shown that it can either stimulate or inhibit the growth of microbes. However, the mechanism by which the ELF EMF affects the bacterial cel...

The reason for hyper magnetosensitivity of young animals compared to older ones remains unclear. It has been suggested that age-induced tissue dehydration (decreased water content) could be a basis for the aging-related decrease in the organism's magnetosensitivity. To test this hypothesis, the effect of a 0.2 T static magnetic field (SMF) exposure...

At present, when the level of background ionizing radiation is increasing in a number of world locations, the problem of the study of biological effect of high background radiation becomes one of the extremely important global problems in modern life sciences. The modern research in biophysics proved that water is a most essential target, through w...

The aim of the present study is to estimate the changes in cell hydration in different conditions using impedance measurements. Experiments were performed on adult and young male albino rats. Tissue hydration level was estimated as a difference between tissue wet and dry weight. Ouabain concentrations from 10−11 to 10−4 M, physiological solution (P...

There are many data about the extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMF) therapeutic use, especially in the field of oncology. Recent data suggest that 4 Hz EMF having dehydration effect on tissues has a pronounced antitumor activity on sarcoma-180 in mice. It was shown that 4 Hz EMF have pronounced effects on physicochemical properti...

At present, when the technological progress brings progressive increase in environmental pollutions by different chemical and physical (ionizing and non-ionizing radiations) factors, the detection of the safety of environmental medium from the point of public health is one of the fundamental problems of modern Life Sciences. This problem has especi...

It was shown that the 4 Hz 30 dB mechanical vibration (MV) of physiological solution (PS) had modulation effect on snail heart contractility. However, the nature of metabolic pathway of MV-treated PS-induced effect is not clear yet. It was suggested that the MV-induced modulation of water molecules dissociation leads to the variation of reactive ox...

Age dependency of [3H]-ouabain binding, 45Ca2+ eflux and its magnetosensitivity in rats’ brain cortex and heart muscle tissues were studied. Curves of dose-dependent [3H]-ouabain binding consisted of three components with different affinities (10−7–10−4 M (α1); 10−9–10−7 M (α2); and 10−11–10−9 M (α3)). These curves were also characterized by differ...

The effects of extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field (ELF EMF) and ELF-modulated millimeter waves (MMW) on physicochemical properties of physiological solution (PS) at different environmental medium were studied. The existence of frequency “windows” at 4 Hz and 8 Hz frequencies of ELF EMF and ELF-modulated MMW which have different effects o...

Although the biological effect of non-ionizing (NIR) and ionizing radiation (IR) on plant seed potential is well documented, the mechanism of this impact is not clear yet. Since cell hydration, a fundamental parameter for determining cell function, is magneto-sensitive, in present work, a comparative study of extremely low frequencies (ELF) electro...

Although the high sensitivity of the Na/K pump in cell membrane to ionizing radiation is well known in literature, the individual role of different isoforms of pump in determination of its radio-sensitivity is not clear yet. This is the subject of the present investigation. Using isotope, electro-physiological and enzymological methods, the effect...

The aim of current paper was to investigate the possibility of increasing the toxicity of calcium hypochlorite (Ca(ClO)2) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) on Escherichia coli K-12 by preliminary enrichment of culture media by carbon dioxide (CO2). For this purpose, the microbes sensitivity to H2O2 or/and Ca(ClO)2 at normal and CO2-enriched medium was s...

T he metabolic controlling cell hydration is a fundamental cellular parameter determining the functional activity of plasmatic membrane and intracellular macromolecules. The dysfunction of cGMP-dependent Na/Ca exchange in excitable cells has been suggested to underlie the ground of age-related cells dehydration, which leads to reducing of cell func...

The effects of dark -(Ev=0 lux) and low-background radiation (BGR), where R<1μRongen/h, on physicochemical properties (specific electrical conductivity, heat fusion, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and oxygen contents) of distilled water (DW) and physiological solution (PS) at 4°C and 18°C were studied. The incubation of DW and PS samples in dark and in...

Non thermal (NT) effect of direct radiation 4 Hz-modulated 90-160 GHz of Millimeter Waves (MMW) and preliminary MMW-treated physiological solution (PS) influence were studied on snail isolated neuron, rat's brain tissue hydration and skin penetration. It was shown that the 4 Hz-modulated low intensity 90-160 GHz MMW direct radiation and MMW-treated...

The aim of this work was to investigate the frequency-dependent effects of extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) and mechanical vibration at infrasound frequency (MV at IS frequency or MV) on growth and development of Escherichia coli K-12, by using classical microbiological (counting colony forming units), isotopic, spectrophotom...

A continuously or/and discontinuously tunable LiNbO 3 Optical Parametric Oscillator (OPO) with the spectral range of 1.42 -4.24 um and shifting of 0…12 nm is created and investigated. The OPO resonator ring circuit provides for the radiation energy output value of up to 50 mJ. Radiation bandwidth narrowing of up to 0.7 cm –1 by introducing of the F...

Tissue hydration, dose-dependent 3H-ouabain binding45Ca2+ exchange in rat's brain cortex, subcortex and cerebellum were studied in three age groups. Age-dependent tissue dehydration in all three zones of brain was due to inhibition of Na+/K+ pump. The age-dependence of cell hydration in cortex was more expressed. The curve of dose-dependent ouabain...

Abstract Although the biological effect of non-ionizing (NIR) and ionizing radiation (IR) on plant seed potential is well documented, the mechanism of this impact is not clear yet. Since cell hydration, a fundamental parameter for determining cell function, is magneto-sensitive, in present work, a comparative study of extremely low frequencies (ELF...

The density-dependency of dark and low background radiation effects on water and water solution properties.

The effects of dark -(Ev=0 lux) and low-background radiation (BGR), where R<1μRongen/h, on physicochemical properties (specific electrical conductivity, heat fusion, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and oxygen contents) of distilled water (DW) and physiological solution (PS) at 4°C and 18°C were studied. The incubation of DW and PS samples in dark and in...

The aim of this presented work is to improve the yield of agriculture plants and getting environmentally friendly products by treatment with irrigated water extra low electromagnetic fields (EL EMF) and therefore reduce the radioactivity of plants. As a result, increase productivity and yield of cultivated grain crops, which in turn will lead to a...

The aim of this work was to investigate the frequency-dependent effects of extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) and mechanical vibration at infrasound frequency (MV at IS frequency or MV) on growth and development of Escherichia coli K-12, by using classical microbiological (counting colony forming units), isotopic, spectrophotom...

The supercritical concentration of CO2 (SCCO2) and a high concentration (3.0%) of molecules of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) are currently being used as antiseptic and antibacterial agents. The fact that low concentrations of CO2 have an activation effect on functional activity of microbes allows us to predict that CO2 could elevate the toxic effect of...

The supercritical concentration of CO2 (SCCO2) and a high concentration (3.0%) of molecules of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) are currently being used as antiseptic and antibacterial agents. The fact that low concentrations of CO2 have an activation effect on functional activity of microbes allows us to predict that CO2 could elevate the toxic effect of...

Effect of intraperitoneally (i.p.) injected sub-anesthetic (8x10 -5 -8x10 -2 mg/g) and anesthetic (0.125mg/g) doses of ketamine on rats' pain sensitivity and tissue hydration of different organs were studied. Determination of water content of tissue was performed by Adrian's traditional " tissue drying " experimental procedure. The number of functi...

Previously were shown that neuronal shrinkage in hypertonic solution causes the decrease of the number of functional active protein molecules in membrane having channel forming, receptor and enzyme properties. On the basis of this data the correlation between rats' brain tissue hydration and the number of ouabain receptors in membrane and pain thre...

The comparative study of the effects of 5.8 mW/cm(2) Millimeter Waves (MMW) and near Infrared (IR) irradiation on thermal properties, specific adsorption rate (SAR), specific electrical conductivity (SEC) and hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) content of distilled water (DW), and physiological solutions (PS) was performed. The thermal effect of MMW irrad...

Although the biological effect of Extremely Low Frequency Electromagnetic Field (ELF EMF) could be considered as a proved fact, the nature of the target through which its effect is realized is not clear yet. Previously the cell bathing aqua medium was suggested as a sensor through which the biological effect of ELF EMF is realized. One of the messe...

The comparative study of the effects of weak intensity specific absorption rate (SAR = 1.8 mW/g) of 4Hz modulated 160 GHz millimeter wave (MMW) and near Infrared (IR) irradiation on thermodynamic properties, specific electrical conductivity (SEC) of physiological solution (PS) and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2) formation in it as well as the effect of...

The purpose of this work was to study the effect of Extremely Low Frequency Pulsing Magnetic Fields (ELF PMF) on pain threshold of human frontal teeth by means of algesimetric method. For the determination of pain threshold an electric current generated by electroodontometer “Biophys-odontometr -1” (production of Armenian Radiophysics institute) wa...