Simon Cooper

• Federation University

Background: Perception and processing of clinical cues have rarely been investigated in the nursing literature despite their relevance to the early identification and management of clinical deterioration. Aim: This study used a hypovolemic shock scenario from the Feedback Incorporating Review and Simulation Techniques to Act on Clinical Trends (...

Aims and objectives: To extract, examine and report the highest available levels of evidence from healthcare disciplines in the use of simulation-based education as substitution for clinical placement in pre-licensure programs. Background: Simulation is widely employed across pre-licensure health professional education to create safe, realistic...

Background Anxiety has a powerful impact on learning due to activation of anxiety hormones, which target related receptors in the working memory. Experiential learning requires some degree of challenge and anxiety. Patient simulation, as a form of experiential learning, has been an integrated component of health professional education international...

Eye-tracking methodology was used to investigate lapses in the appropriate treatment of ward patients due to not noticing critical cues of deterioration. Forty nursing participants with different levels of experience participated in an interactive screen-based simulation of hypovolemic shock. The results show that 65% of the participants exhibited...

Aim: The aim of this review was to identify and synthesise published accounts of recognising and responding to patient deterioration in the presence of deterioration antecedents. Design: The systematic review canvassed four electronic databases/search engines for studies of adult ward patients who had altered physiological parameters before deve...

Concerns have been expressed relating to healthcare professionals' ability to manage deteriorating patients. Whilst on placement nursing students are exposed to a range of behaviours and role models that may influence their future practice. We aimed to identify events that impact upon the practice and preparedness of Australian undergraduate nursin...

Introduction: Non-technical skills (NTS) teamwork training can enhance clinicians' understanding of roles and improve communication. We evaluated a quality improvement project rating teams' NTS performance to determine the value of formal rating and debriefing processes. Methods: In two Australian emergency departments the NTS of resuscitation t...

Background: There are international concerns relating to the management of patient deterioration. The "failure to rescue" literature identifies that nursing staff miss cues of deterioration and often fail to call for assistance. Simulation-based educational approaches may improve nurses' recognition and management of patient deterioration. Object...

Background E-simulation may enable a feasible education solution to the management of deteriorating patients. Method The study involves a pre–post quasi-experimental evaluation of global data on educational outcomes from an e-simulation program. Results Qualified nurses (n = 1,229) and final year nursing students (n = 1,742) were among 5,511 part...

Simulation modalities are numerous in nursing education, with a need to reveal their range and impact. We reviewed current evidence for effectiveness of medium to high fidelity simulation as an education mode in pre-licensure/pre-registration nurse education. A state-of-the-art review and meta-analyses was conducted based on a systematic search of...

Aims and objectives: To evaluate the effectiveness of a Web-based educational program to enhance enrolled nurses' knowledge and skills in the recognition and management of deteriorating patients. Background: Ward nurses of different skill levels play a pivotal role in detecting and responding to deteriorating patients. A skill mix of registered...

Professors of nursing and midwifery are recognized as discipline leaders and thus have a key role to play in the development of disciplinary knowledge, especially through their research activity. Watson and Thompson (2008) paraphrased the research and scholarship roles of the professoriate, from the UK National Conference of University Professors,...

Background: Internationally, non-urgent presentations are increasing the pressure on Emergency Department (ED) staff and resources. This systematic review aims to identify the impact of alternative emergency care pathways on ED presentations - specifically GP cooperatives and walk-in clinics. Methods: Based on a structured PICO enquiry with eith...

Abstract Background: Undergraduate health professionals clearly experience anxiety during simulation. However, little is known regarding learners’ physiological and psychological responses and the influence of these responses on performance. Methods: An integrative review was undertaken to provide a comprehensive understanding of the influence of...

Executive Summary There are significant patient safety concerns regarding nurses’ ability to identify and manage patients that are physiologically deteriorating. Recent evidence from the ‘failure to rescue’ literature indicates a high level of disturbed physiological variables in the general ward population and poor patient outcomes due to mismanag...

Eye-tracking techniques have been adopted as a research tool for a wide range of applications in healthcare studies. Recently, healthcare researchers have started to show interest in using eye-tracking techniques to study medical decision-making. Mapping the literature pertaining to eye tracking using a systematic approach is valuable at this point...

Introduction Reciprocal Peer Tutoring (RPT) is a form of collaborative learning that involves students of similar backgrounds experiencing interchanging roles of tutor and learner. Purpose Use of RPT has not been explored to the same degree as other forms of peer-assisted learning which may involve learners of different levels. The aim of this sy...

Objective: To conduct a systematic review to appraise and review evidence on the impact of simulation-based education for undergraduate/pre-licensure nursing students, using existing reviews of literature. Design: An umbrella review (review of reviews). Data sources: Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHLPlus), PubMed...

Objectives: Junior doctors are frequently the first doctor to be called by a nurse to review patients whose clinical status has declined in hospital wards, yet little is known about how well prepared they are to deal with this situation. This paper aims to identify the factors that influence junior doctors' early recognition and management of pati...

Best Poster Award

Background There are international concerns in relation to the management of patient deterioration which has led to a body of evidence known as the ‘failure to rescue’ literature. Nursing staff are known to miss cues of deterioration and often fail to call for assistance. Medical Emergency Teams (Rapid Response Teams) do improve the management of a...

Background: Survival from in-hospital cardiac arrest is poor. Clinical features, including abnormal vital signs, often indicate patient deterioration prior to severe adverse events. Early warning systems and rapid response teams are commonly used to assist the health profession in the identification and management of the deteriorating patient. Edu...

Inadequate management of deteriorating patients is of international concern. In order to tackle this issue there has been an increasing effort to upskill nursing and medical staff (Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Healthcare, 2012).

Objectives: This prospective descriptive study aimed to test the validity and feasibility of the Team Emergency Assessment Measure (TEAM™) for assessing real-world medical emergency teams' non-technical skills. Second, the present study aimed to explore the instrument's contribution to practice regarding teamwork and learning outcomes. Methods:...

Aim: To test the resuscitation non-technical Team Emergency Assessment Measure (TEAM) for feasibility, validity and reliability, in two Australian Emergency Departments (ED). Background: Non-technical (teamwork) skills have been identified as inadequate and as such have a significant impact on patient safety. Valid and reliable teamwork assessme...

Aim: Evaluation of team performances during medical simulation must rely on validated and reproducible tools. Our aim was to build and validate a French version of the Team Emergency Assessment Measure (TEAM) score, which was developed for the assessment of team performance and non-technical skills during resuscitation. Methods: A forward and ba...

A number of training approaches to improve the clinical observation skills of undergraduate students have been identified in the literature. Immediate improvement from such approaches on students’ clinical observational skills have been documented. However, this review identified that observational skill improvements did not occur in real and compl...

A number of training approaches to improve the clinical observation skills of undergraduate students have been identified in the literature. Immediate improvement from such approaches on students' clinical observational skills have been documented. However, this review identified that observational skill improvements did not occur in real and compl...

Background: Continuous nursing education (CNE) courses delivered through e-learning is believed to be an effective mode of learning for nurses. Implementation of e-learning modules requires pre-assessment of infrastructure and learners' characteristics. Understanding the learners' needs and their perspectives would facilitate effective e-learning...

E-simulation involves goal-based role play using digital simulations that take place via a computer screen. Learners interact with the program via multi-media applications such as animation and video, graphics, sound, vision, and text through the use of advanced Web authoring tools. When the simulation is Web-based (via a remote server), this allow...

High-fidelity simulation pedagogy is of increasing importance in health professional education; however, face-to-face simulation programs are resource intensive and impractical to implement across large numbers of students. To investigate undergraduate nursing students' theoretical and applied learning in response to the e-simulation program-FIRST2...

The “look-but-fail-to-see” phenomenon, in which a person clearly looks at important information but fails to actually see it and act accordingly has been offered as an explanation for critical lapses in various contexts, including road safety and air traffic control. We investigated the situation in which nurses fail to notice cues that would have...

To develop and determine the psychometrics properties of an instrument (V-scale) and to explore nurses' attitudes towards vital signs monitoring in the detection of clinical deterioration in general wards. Scale development with psychometric testing and a descriptive quantitative survey. Tertiary acute care hospital. A total of 614 general ward nur...

Objective: This systematic review identified, critically appraised and synthesised the existing evidence on the barriers and enablers to using high-fidelity Human Patient Simulator Manikins (HPSMs) in undergraduate nursing education. Background: In nursing education, specifically at the undergraduate level, a range of low to high-fidelity simulati...

This study explores preregistration nursing students' views of a Web-based simulation program: FIRST ACTWeb (Feedback Incorporating Review and Simulation Techniques to Act on Clinical Trends-Web). The multimedia program incorporating three videoed scenarios portrayed by a standardized patient (human actor) aims to improve students' recognition and...

Family presence during resuscitation (FPDR) has been endorsed internationally by resuscitation councils since the year 2000; however, the extent to which FPDR is practiced in emergency settings requires further investigation. Emergency personnel (n=347) from 18 participating emergency departments across the state of Victoria, Australia completed a...

This chapter presents a study in which the authors examined student midwives’ ability to assess and manage maternal deterioration using measures of knowledge, skill, situation awareness and decision-making. Simulated patients (SPs) wearing ‘birthing suits’ simulated women in maternal deterioration. In total 35 students were assessed. Students' eval...

This paper profiles the findings from a study that explored the perspectives and experiences of nurse educators who implemented a novel simulation approach termed Mask-Ed. The technique involves the educator wearing a silicone mask and or body parts and transforming into a character. The premise of this approach is that the masked educator has doma...

Objective: The objective of this article was to review the literature on utilisation and place of Web-based simulation within nursing education. Web-based simulation combines electronic multimedia options with a central video or virtual world to produce interactive learning activities mediated by the learner. Design: An integrative review. Data...

Background: Contemporary approaches to clinical simulation can enhance educational outcomes. However, simulation approaches do have limitations with possible compromises for learning and teaching. This paper aims to identify barriers and enablers to learning in simulated clinical settings. Methods: A generic qualitative design was applied. Semi-str...

Aims and objectivesTo examine nursing students' and registered nurses' teamwork skills whilst managing simulated deteriorating patients.Background Studies continue to show the lack of timely recognition of patient deterioration. Management of deteriorating patients can be influenced by education and experience.DesignMixed methods study conducted in...

Nurses need to participate in CPE to update their knowledge and increase their competencies. This research was carried out to explore their current practice and the future general needs for CPE. This cross-sectional descriptive study involved registered nurses from government hospitals and health clinics from Peninsular Malaysia. Multistage cluster...

[Final report] available at: http://www.olt.gov.au/resource-managing-patient-deterioration

Aim of study: This study aimed to investigate the attitudes of personnel working in emergency departments on the constitution of a resuscitation team in particular the perceptions of the family liaison role. Methods: A paper base survey on family presence during resuscitation was distributed to emergency personnel working in 18 public departments i...

Objectives This paper reports the quantitative findings of the first phase of a larger program of ongoing research: Feedback Incorporating Review and Simulation Techniques to Act on Clinical Trends (FIRST2ACTTM). It specifically aims to identify the characteristics that may predict primary outcome measures of clinical performance, teamwork and situ...

Medical emergency team performance including non-technical skills, is receiving increased attention due to the influences on patient safety. The Team Emergency Assessment Measure (TEAM) was developed to enable standardised performance assessment and structured team debriefing. From several studies, the TEAM has demonstrated a substantial body of no...

There are a number of perceived benefits and barriers to family presence during resuscitation (FPDR) in the emergency department, and debate continues among health professionals regarding the practice of family presence. This review of the literature aims to develop an understanding of the perceived benefits, barriers and enablers to implementing a...

To undertake a review of the quantitative research literature, to determine emergency staff and public attitudes, to support the implementation and practice of family presence during resuscitation in the emergency department. FPDR although endorsed by numerous resuscitation councils, cardiac, trauma and emergency associations, continues to be topic...

Appendix 4. Process for development of Situation Awareness (SA) questions.

Appendix 1. Participant demographic form.

Appendix 2. Objective Structured Clinical Examinations.

Appendix 3. Team Emergency Assessment Measure (TEAM).

Objective: This paper explores the nursing literature to identify the educative process and essential features of debriefing. Setting: Nursing education settings: undergraduate, postgraduate and professional development in nursing and midwifery. Data sources: Studies of debriefing in nurse education were located in peer reviewed journals between 19...

In this essay we set out clinical communication challenges in surgical oncology. We draw directly on relevant examples where they are available. Otherwise, we refer to the more generic surgical and medical literature. We offer 'macro' and 'micro' perspectives on clinical communication. That is, exploring communication challenges at the level of the...

Procedural methods show great potential but are an underused substitute to manual content creation. Limitations to these methods include the lack of control of the output due to its random nature and the absence of integrated solutions, although more recent publications increasingly address these issues. This paper describes procedural methods appl...

Aim: To review the literature on non-technical skills and assessment methods relevant to emergency care. Background: Non-technical skills (NTS) include leadership, teamwork, decision making and situation awareness, all of which have an impact on healthcare outcomes. Significant concerns have been raised about the rates of adverse medical events,...

Recent technological advances in Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) have enabled the design of lowcost, lightweight sensor nodes capable of sensing, processing and communicating different types of data. These tiny sensor nodes leverage the ideas found in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) and this has lead to a large number of applications in the...

In this paper, we investigate the design and implementation of an interactive storytelling engine and the artificial intelligence techniques that will enable novel approaches to procedurally generating digital interactive storytelling for computer games.

This paper is a report of a review of the quantitative evidence for medium to high fidelity simulation using manikins in nursing, in comparison to other educational strategies. Human simulation is an educational process that can replicate clinical practices in a safe environment. Although endorsed in nursing curricula, its effectiveness is largely...

This article follows our description of generic qualitative approaches, focusing on the specific designs of ethnography, grounded theory and phenomenology. Distinguishing features are described, including methodological approaches and methods for enhancing rigour. The use of these designs in emergency care is unusual but informative, and important...

The frequency of qualitative studies in the Emergency Medicine Journal, while still low, has increased over the last few years. All take a generic approach and rarely conform to established qualitative approaches such as phenomenology, ethnography and grounded theory. This generic approach is no doubt selected for pragmatic reasons but can be weake...

To explore nurses' views and to identify the perceived advantages and disadvantages of the "4-hour target." The study was based in one emergency department (ED) in the UK and took a generic qualitative approach. A stratified sample of nine experienced ED nurses were recruited for semi-structured interviews. Data was analysed using the framework ana...

To review and reflect on the literature on recognition-primed decision (RPD) making and influences on emergency decisions with particular reference to an ophthalmic critical incident involving the sub-arachnoid spread of local anaesthesia following the peribulbar injection. This paper critics the literature on recognition-primed decision making, wi...

To develop an understanding of the current system and future development of training and education within a large UK ambulance trust, based upon the experiences, beliefs, and opinions of stakeholders. This was a qualitative naturalistic inquiry using an interpretative constructivist approach for 44 interviews with a range of ambulance staff. Stakeh...

To examine the emerging role of the emergency care practitioner (ECP) with comparisons to paramedic practice. Key activities were identified of newly appointed ECPs using qualitative methodology and a qualitative and quantitative comparison of patient treatment was made. A constructivist methodology taking account of stakeholder input and drawing u...

This report illustrates a case of prolonged resuscitation (without hypothermia) with a return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) after 1 h of resuscitation in a hospital car park and emergency department. Coronary artery stenting was achieved 2 h and 45 min after collapse. Following a 12-week stay in hospital the patient was discharged home making a...

Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of a leadership development seminar introduced into the Resuscitation Council (UK) Advanced Life Support (ALS) Provider course. Methods: Observational assessments of leadership performance during cardiac arrest scenarios before and after a leadership seminar. Results: The leadership training programme signifi...

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between leadership behaviour, team dynamics and task performance. This was as an observational study, using video recordings of 20 resuscitation attempts. The Leadership Behaviour Description Questionnaire (LBDQ) was used to measure the level of structure built within the team. Interperson...

the purpose of this study was to determine the key factors influencing survival from cardiopulmonary resuscitation and to analyse the effectiveness of a resuscitation training programme. a prospective analysis of all cardiopulmonary resuscitation attempts was performed over a period of 3 years. Included in the study were 808 in hospital cardiac arr...

This paper considers a number of concerns about resuscitation training. Poor retention of skills and the factors which affect understanding and memory, as well as the need for a positive attitude towards resuscitation, are discussed. Some specific points are made on how these, as well as the trainer's ability to teach resuscitation, can be improved...