Siew-Ean Khoo

Australian National University | ANU · Australian Demographic & Social Research Institute

For people with managerial, professional or technical skills and work experience, the job market is global, if they so choose. Their skills and work experience are sought after in a number of countries and they have a choice of where they would prefer to work. This article1 examines globally mobile skilled migrants' reasons for migration and return...

Around 35 % of Australian adults volunteer. It has been found that participation in volunteering varies with life course stage: people tend to participate less in early adulthood, which has been referred to as a ‘demographically dense’ period, and more in middle adulthood, which has been characterized as a more stable period of life. This paper ext...

High-skilled migration has increasingly been the subject of migration research over the past decade, but the focus has tended to be on health and IT professionals. In this paper, we address the mobility of schoolteachers in a region that has so far received little attention, the Pacific Islands. It is timely to examine trends in teacher mobility in...

High-skilled migration has increasingly been the subject of migration research over the past decade, but the focus has tended to be on health and IT professionals. In this paper, we address the mobility of schoolteachers in a region that has so far received little attention, the Pacific Islands. It is timely to examine trends in teacher mobility in...

The paper examines ethnic differences in the social and economic well-being of the immigrant aged in Australia and the factors affecting older immigrants’ well-being as measured by a number of indicators. The data analysis is guided by the concept of the ‘Third Age’ as the basis for a more positive approach to the discussion of ageing and as a life...

the focus of much high skilled migration research has tended to be on health and It professionals. this chapter addresses the mobility of school teachers in a geographic region that has received little attention, the Pacific. Unlike the Caribbean Islands and South Africa, the Pacific has not been the focus of much research into the demographic, eco...

Britain and many other European countries have been important sources of settler migration to Australia for more than two hundred years. While the sources of settler migration to Australia have diversified in the last thirty years to include non-European countries, with the current emphasis on skills in Australia's migration policy, many skilled pe...

The international mobility of teachers is gaining increased attention as particular developing countries become significant sources of supply for more developed countries that have shortages. Most attention so far has focused on Africa's contribution to the United Kingdom workforce. This article examines the patterns of teacher migration for Austra...

The Asia-Pacific region is a significant source of skilled temporary migration to Australia. The paper provides an overview of recent trends in skilled temporary migration from Asia-Pacific countries to Australia and compares the Asia-Pacific migrants with migrants from other regions to investigate whether the Asia-Pacific migrants are selective of...

The international mobility of teachers is gaining increased attention as particular developing countries become significant sources of supply for more developed countries that have shortages. Most attention so far has focused on Africa’s contribution to the United Kingdom workforce. This article examines the patterns of teacher migration for Austra...

Sociologists have long regarded intermarriage as a key indicator of ethnic integration. The authors analyse marriage data from the 2006 Australian census. They find that many ethnic groups show low levels of intermarriage in the first generation but that, by the third generation, rates of intermarriage are high. However most groups of migrants from...

Intermarriage between adherents of different religious affiliations is increasing in Australia However, most intermarriage occurs between the various Christian denominations. Intermarriage between different faiths remains negligible, but is likely to increase over time as successive generations of migrant descent are exposed to the religious divers...

Intermarriage between Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians is increasing as cultural and socioeconomic divisions are broken down. For the first time at the 2006 census, a majority of both male and female Indigenous persons were partnered with non-Indigenous persons. This analysis shows that location is more important than education or income i...

The article discusses five types of spouse migration. Data on the country of origin of migrant spouses and their sponsoring partners suggest that the largest component of spouse migration is chain migration for marriage, with previous immigrants sponsoring partners from their former home country. Other smaller components are sponsorship of spouses...

While most countries of destination of temporary migrants expect them to return home, it is likely that some temporary migration will become permanent if the migrants decide that they would like to remain longer or indefinitely for various reasons. This paper examines the factors associated with temporary migrants’ decision to become or not become...

The family and friends that immigrants live with are important sources of assistance and support, especially in the period immediately following migration. The paper uses data from the Longitudinal Survey of Immigrants to Australia to examine the living arrangements of recent immigrants, the transitions in household structure they experience during...

Refugees and immigrants being resettled in Australia on humanitarian grounds are known to have poorer health than other immigrants. Using data from the Longitudinal Surveys of Immigrants to Australia, the paper examines the influence of three measures of health-self-reported health status, the presence of a long-term health condition and mental hea...

With the 1996 introduction of a new visa making it easier for employers to sponsor skilled foreign workers, temporary skilled migration has become a significant component of international migration flows to Australia. This paper examines employers' reasons for sponsoring skilled workers from abroad, their modes of recruitment, the occupational skil...

The recruitment of skilled foreign workers is becoming increasingly important to many industrialized countries. This paper examines the factors motivating the sponsorship and temporary migration of skilled workers to Australia under the temporary business entry program, a new development in Australia's migration policy. The importance of labor dema...

The migration of skilled workers is increasing rapidly in Pacific Island countries including Fiji and the Cook Islands. This paper focuses on teacher migration because of the potentially far-reaching implications of this migration for educational systems and development. The situation in Fiji and the Cook Islands is compared and contrasted. Based o...

The migration of skilled workers is increasing rapidly in Pacific Island countries including Fiji and the Cook Islands. This paper focuses on teacher migration because of the potentially far-reaching implications of this migration for educational systems and development. The situation in Fiji and the Cook Islands is compared and contrasted. Based o...

The concept of social cohesion derives from the work of Durkhiem and has been defined as ‘the interdependence between members of a society, shared loyalties, and solidarity’ (Jenson 1998, quoted in Berger-Schmitt 2000: 3). It has been suggested that social cohesion is a characteristic of strong communities and an important element in building them...

A cohort approach is used to detect changes in ethnic identification between the 1986 and 2001 Australian censuses. The aim is to observe whether particular ethnic groups were more or less likely to state the same ancestry in 2001 as in 1986. Age-sex specific survival ratios are applied to the ancestry groups in three 15-year age cohorts in 1986 to...

For some time government policy has tried to encourage permanent migrants to settle outside the major cities in so-called regional areas. This policy has met with limited success (even though the term 'regional 'has often included Melbourne). In 2003 the policy was extended to temporary migrants entering on 457 work visas. A large survey of princip...

'Deborah Cobb-Clark and Siew-Ean Khoo are leading experts in immigration research. Here they have assembled a set of important studies that show how selective immigration policy affects subsequent outcomes for immigrants. The chapters exploit a unique longitudinal dataset that provides new insights into the factors that affect employment status, he...

There has been a marked increase in the migration of students worldwide, particularly from developing countries to developed countries. This article examines the migration of students from India to Australia. The number of Indians arriving in Australia on student visas has shown an increasing trend though numbers have fluctuated from year to year....

This article examines the temporary migration of information and communications technology (ICT) workers from India to Australia under the 457 temporary business entry visa category that was introduced in 1996. The number of Indians arriving in Australia under this visa class has risen more rapidly than that of any major source country, suggesting...

The paper examines how important family reunification is in immigrants' decision to settle permanently in their country of destination. Using longitudinal data for a cohort of recent immigrants to Australia, it examines whether migrants' permanent settlement intention reported soon after arrival is related to their family sponsorship patterns and i...

Ancestry data from the 2001 Census allow us to explore intermarriage patterns among people of different ethnic backgrounds in Australia including: people born overseas (the first generation), their Australian-born children (the second generation), and their Australian-born grand children and so on (termed here the third generation plus). While rate...

The calculation of net immigration for the purpose of estimating the resident population in Australia is based on net permanent and long–term (12 months or more) movements into and out of the country. All international movements with duration of stay in Australia or travel abroad of less than 12 months (defined as short–term) are excluded. However,...

Crude divorce rates of overseas-born Australians by birthplace are not comparable because different birthplace groups have different age structures and marriage patterns that affect the rates. This paper decomposes the crude rates into components due to the effects of age structrue, marriage patterns and the divorce rate of married men and women. T...

"This article examines the growth and diversification of...permanent, long and short-term movements of people from Asia and the Pacific and the growth in immigrant and local-born Australians departing Australia to live and work in Asia. The occasional controversies surrounding the growth of Asian arrivals and Australia's current push to integrate w...

Asians have been the fastest growing overseas-born population inAustralia, more than doubling from 1981 to 1991. Based on the 1991 Census, this article broadly examines economic and social characteristics of the Asian-born population in Australia. Economic factors such as labor force participation, unemployment, occupation, income and housing revea...

"This article investigates some of the factors that are associated with welfare dependency among immigrants in Australia. It examines the role of factors such as gender, age, migration category, birthplace, period of arrival and educational background in explaining immigrants' dependence on government pensions and benefits as their main source of i...

The author examines responses to a question on ancestry that was included in the 1986 census of Australia, with a focus on consistencies between the responses of parents and children. It is found that "the level of consistency was more than 90 per cent when both parents were of the same ancestry; when parents were of different or mixed ancestries,...

An increase in the number of ex-nuptial births over the last ten years appears to be related to the increase in the number of de facto couples. De facto couples with ex-nuptial births are frequently of lower socio-economic status than couples with nuptial births although they do not differ from married couples in their attitudes to marriage and hav...

This paper compares the family situation of children living with de facto couples with that of children living with legally married couples and examines the attitudes of de facto couples toward having children. De facto couples with ex-nuptial children were in a less favourable socio-economic situation than either de facto couples with step childre...

In 1982, a national survey in Australia showed that 5% of all couples living together were unmarried. This article examines demographic, social, and economic characteristics of unmarried cohabiting partners among persons 18 to 34 years of age at the time of the survey. Never-married partners and ever-married partners differed from each other in the...

PIP 2 10-year marriage cohorts from 2 surveys of married women in Melbourne were compared on their timing of the 1st and 2nd births. The results showed that women who were married in the early 1970s were much more likely to delay their first birth until about the 3rd or 4th year of marriage compared with women who married in the 1960s. This tendenc...

This paper examines the structural correlates of sex role attitudes of a random sample of young unmarried men and women in Melbourne, and the relationships between such attitudes and women's (or future wife's) expected work force participation when they have children, and family size preferences. The study shows that education has an important infl...

Using data on a random sample of young adults in Melbourne, this paper examines the effects of maternal employment during their childhood and adolescence on their educational attainment, relationship with their parents, premarital sexual behaviour, and attitude towards working mothers. Maternal employment has little effect on the characteristics of...

Examines the participation of women in rural-to-urban migration, with a special focus on patterns in Asia. Most studies of migration have focused on male migrants or heads of households on the assummption that females frequently migrate only as part of families and therefore the causes and consequences of their migration are those of their spouses...

Synopsis Based on data collected from never-married respondents aged 18–25 as part of a broader survey conducted in Melbourne in 1977, the aims of this study were to examine differentials and predictors of premarital sex. Separate analyses were conducted for males and females. Differentials (demographic, social, attitudinal) identified were not com...

Synopsis Data gathered from a broader survey in Melbourne are used to study whether contraceptive risk-taking among never-married men and women aged 18-25 is related to knowledge of where to obtain an abortion, approval of abortion and attitude to premarital parenthood. Risk-taking is found to be less common among women than men. The proportion of...

PIP The authors describe the method used to merge two phases of the 1976 Indonesian Intercensal Population Surveys and to link them with community-level statistics collected separately by the Central Bureau of Statistics and the National Family Planning Coordinating Board. The use of the merged data set in examining the relative influence of indivi...

The TABRAP/CONVERSE computer models, which permit the measurement of the effect of family planning programs on fertility rates, are used to estimate the impact of the Thai program. The analysis utilizes data on number of acceptors, marital fertility rates, and continuation rates to produce estimates of births averted. A comparison of these results...

A question on ancestry was included in an Australian census for the first time in 1986, and included again in the 2001 census. There were some differences in the format of the question between the two censuses and in the guidelines given to people on how to answer the question. This paper examines the enumeration of small ethnic groups using the an...

Acknowledgments: This study was funded by a Linkage Project grant from the Australian Research Council with the support of the Department of Immigration and Multicultural Affairs (DIMA) as the industry research partner. We thank the staff of DIMA for their collaboration in this research project and especially David Ward for his management of the pr...

This paper is based on Stage 1 of a research project funded by the Department of Families, Housing, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs. Stage 1 focuses on the analysis of HILDA data to examine volunteering over the life course. Stage 2 examines volunteering for different types of organizations using Negotiating the Life Course data. We thank...