Shyam S Salim

• ARS PhD (Ag Econ) MSc (Ag Econ) PGDBA
• Principal Scientist at ICAR- Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute

The experiment was conducted during January–March, 2021 at Ernakulam district of Kerala state, India to study the livelihood vulnerability of small-scale coastal fisher households to climatic hazards in a gendered perspective. The state of Kerala along the south west coast of India has been identified as one of the climate vulnerable hotspots threa...

With renewed focus on gender and households in the post-Covid era, there is a need for community-specific studies to understand the impact of the pandemic on particularly vulnerable communities such as the fisher communities. By focusing on the fisher families in India, the paper attempts to bring to the fore how gender influences the choices of do...

The study aimed to evaluate the effects of COVID-19 related lockdowns on the livelihoods of women seafood vendors in South Andaman and Car Nicobar Islands of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India. Women fish vendors represent a marginalised community within the marine fisheries sector, facing unique challenges exacerbated by the pandemic. We condu...

The domestic consumption of sharks in maritime states of India and consumer perception were examined to assess the utility of such studies in conservation planning. The study surveyed 309 respondents in person, across the coastal states of India during 2018. The respondents covered were fish consumers and had highest monthly food expenditure on fis...

The COVID 19 pandemic induced stringent stress all across the food supply chain in the country causing perceptible changes in people's food consumption patterns. The spread of Corona virus has shaped tailbacks in the production, distribution and processing, leading to momentous shifts in fish consumption patterns as well as the demand and supply of...

The current study investigated the geographic distribution and characteristics of fish consumption in Odisha State, India. The study was conducted across various locations, comprising urban coastal (Puri), rural coastal (Balasore), urban non-coastal (Cuttack) and rural non-coastal (Mayurbhanj) districts in the state. A total of 1440 respondents wer...

This study was conducted to map the marketing channels and price ranges of some commercially important marine finfish species in two coastal districts of West Bengal. Nine commercially important marine finfish species were investigated. Different nodes were found to be involved in the marketing channel depending on the commercial value of the speci...

Growth and development are two different connotations in the context of fishers. Over the years, the fisher community in Kerala has had a Human Development Index (HDI) which are lower (by 16%) than the general population of Kerala State. Many development indices take into account the state of fishers in a community. However, the fisher community is...

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on fisher communities, with implications for their livelihoods, health, and access to resources. While the pandemic showcased the community's vulnerabilities, there were also community resilience initiatives, strengthening community interaction and problem-solving capacity. This paper attempts to s...

The COVID 19 pandemic induced stringent stress all across the food supply chain in the country causing perceptible changes in people's food consumption patterns. The spread of Corona virus has shaped tailbacks in the production, distribution and processing, leading to momentous shifts in fish consumption patterns as well as the demand and supply of...

The COVID-19 pandemic had multifaceted effects on different sectors of the Indian economy, and the marine fisheries sector was no exception. Given that the rebuilding of the economy and sector post-pandemic needs to be guided by the principle of resilience, this paper attempts to analyze the various adaptation and mitigation policies adopted by the...

Stakeholder interactions represent the crucial link in governance whereby policies are designed not just for people but rather with people. Owing to the disproportionate social and economic burdens on marginalized communities, the appeals for community engagement emerged intensely during COVID-19, especially as it could serve as a bulwark against s...

The southwestern state of Kerala has long been considered a model on account of its achievement in health and education at relatively lower levels of income. During the pandemic, the state achieved global attention in the handling of the pandemic and while there was universal acceptance of the role of the government in providing and maintaining hea...

The fish marketing system of Kerala deserves to be highly efficient as compared to that of the country. The demand-supplygap is ironed by the fish arrivals from the other states and there exists huge price variations of fish identified among thelanding centres, wholesale and retail markets of Kerala. The study analysed the price volatilities and sp...

Small-scale sector fisheries associated with tropical wetland were found to be highly vulnerable to various socio-economic, ecological and climatic factors. The present study conducted in Vembanad lake in India attempted to identify and assess vulnerabilities of wetland fishers to climate variability at spatial scale. One hundred and eighty fishers...

A study was undertaken to assess the fish market structure of two coastal districts of West Bengal with emphasis on marine fish markets during the period of 2021-22. Through the study, 15 fish markets including seven wholesale cum retail, six retail and two terminal fish markets were surveyed. The market structure analysis was centered on the major...

Environmental impact literature needs to include changing food consumption behaviour in the era of conscious consumption especially in the post COVID period. The observations on fish consumption from India offers interesting insights into how there has been change in consumers’ tastes and preferences and further how it can be integrated to create a...

The paper attempts to analyse and synthesise the findings from the various studies conducted across different sections and stakeholders pertaining to the fisheries sector across the world focusing specifically in the global south. While there have been studies on the immediate impact, the paper examined the direct and indirect impact of covid pande...

Startups in Fisheries: A Compendium of Business Plans of Microenterprises of SHGs

The UN Decade of Ocean Science (UNDOS) aims to: “Generate knowledge, support innovation, and develop solutions for equitable and sustainable development of the ocean economy under changing environmental, social and climate conditions.” Changing conditions affect certain groups more than others, depending on exposure, sensitivity and adaptive capaci...

This paper presents an overview of the Gaja-a very severe cyclonic storm that battered thousands of lives in Cauvery delta regions of Tamil Nadu. The cyclone originated from the Gulf of Thailand on 5 th November 2018 and gradually turned into a very severe cyclonic storm that made a landfall at Tamil Nadu coast on 15 th November 2018. Nagapattinam...

The marine fish landings in Andhra Pradesh during 2020 was estimated at 1.95 lakh t, contributing 7.2% of the total marine fish landings in the country. The techno-economic evaluation of different fishing methods in Andhra Pradesh was carried out for assessing the economic efficiency. The boat and net combinations throughout the year have seen spec...

The article deals with Marine Fisheries Policies in India: Opportunities and Challenges

Karnataka state contributes around 13% of marine fish landings in India. More than 80% of the catch in Karnataka are landed at Mangalore, Malpe and Karwar Fisheries Harbours. While only singleday trawlers and purse seiners operated in Karwar fisheries Harbour, multiday trawlers, purse seiners and small motorized units operated in Malpe and Mangalor...

Karnataka state contributes around 13% of marine fish landings in India. More than 80% of the catch in Karnataka are landed at Mangalore, Malpe and Karwar Fisheries Harbours. While only singleday trawlers and purse seiners operated in Karwar fisheries Harbour, multiday trawlers, purse seiners and small motorized units operated in Malpe and Mangalor...

A study was made on the impact of 1000 selected 'Self Help Groups' (SHGs) in gender mainstreaming in marine fisheries sector. Their level of performance and extent of empowerment were assessed through appropriate indices of measurement based on data from SHGs of 30 different fishery based micro enterprises from 5 maritime states of India such as Ke...

Among the leading non.tradltlonal exports. fish and fishery products: playa prominent m. le contribl1t1ng significantly to the success of India's export effort t.o bridge the yawning trade gap of India.They have become one of the major ' foreign exchange earners in the agricultural and a1Jied sector, s of I,ndia in the recent years. Starting from m...

This paper overviews the role of exotic fishes in providing ecosystem services such as employment, economy, efficiency, exchange and equity using various case studies in the Indian subcontinent in a socio-economic perspective. Case study I identified that the culture period of exotics especially Tilapia species (i.e., 180–200 days) created a total...

Paramount comprehension of gender roles in fisheries is essential to value the often-concealed role that women play in fisheries and households. We examine the women’s contribution to household income and livelihood security using the qualitative data collected through random sampling from 58 fishers – 24 women and 34 men – in Visakhapatnam distric...

Sporadic and seasonal landings of jellyfishes along the southern coast of India have been under investigation since 2018. The catostylid jellyfish Crambionella orsini is the only species that contributes to a fishery in this region. In the October to January months, a seasonal fishery exists along the Kanyakumari, Thiruvananthapuram and Neendakara...

A study involving the assessment of ichthyo-diversity, physico-chemical aspects of reservoir, socio-economics of the reservoir fishers and their sustainability issues was conducted in Peechi Reservoir, in Thrissur District, Kerala, India during 2016-2018. The study indicated the need for developing appropriate reservoir based fishery management mea...

Digha Mohana is a major fish landing and auction centre on the Northeast coast of India that supports livelihood and contributes to fisheries export. Trawl fishing is the major fishing operation observed in the region, where multi-day operations (MD) less than six days and > 6 days are in practice. In this study, we collected primary data on input...

Objectives: Assessing the demographic characteristics of migrant fisher folks of coastal states of Gujarat and Maharashtra, with special focus on causes of migration, challenges and achievements in livelihood. Methods: The primary statistical tool of descriptive analysis, percentage analysis, Garrette ranking etc. have been carried out to assess va...

The fisheries sector in Kerala, on account of its management initiatives on fisheries sustainability and fisher welfare, posses a unique example for the other coastal states. The state has pioneered many novel management measures and fisher welfare programmes which led to commendable socio-economic standards comparable even with the Western world....

Fishing occupies an important place in the economy of Kerala State, south India as a vital source of food and protein, avenue for employment and most importantly in the export market. Kerala’s population is basically a fish eating population where the level of fish consumption is four times the national average. The annual per capita fish consumpti...

Fish marketing is an efficient economic production system which depends on several multi-level market functionaries from producers to consumers. The perfect model of fish market systems entails continuum in flow of the goods and services with high level of customer satisfaction. With this viewpoint, the current study was focused on analysing the di...

The study was conducted in 22 well-structured fish markets across Maharashtra state including landing centres, retail and wholesale markets to assess the trade of commercially important fishes. The field survey was conducted during the period of August 2019- March 2020 using a structure field survey tool-Fish Market Prices (FMP). During the survey...

A pragmatic examination on the impact of women SHGs in gender mainstreaming was embarked on the 10 seaweed farming SHG units operating at Ramanathapuram district in Tamil Nadu state. An explorative assessment on extent of empowerment, performance level, gender characteristics and economic feasibility analysis was carried out based on socioeconomic...

Fisheries and tourism are two important sectors that provide livelihood and employment in the tropical Islands. Andaman and Nicobar group of Islands is a biodiversity hotspot in the Bay of Bengal inhabited by settler population along with indigenous tribal communities. The Nicobar tribal community is one among occupying the Nicobar group of Islands...

The Indian State of Goa has a coastal length of 104 Kms and the State contributes 1.85% to the marine fish production of the country. A study was conducted to assess the market efficiency indicators such as Gross Marketing Margin, Percentage Share of Fisherman in the Consumers Rupee (PSFCR) and the Coefficient of variation. The study revealed that...

Fish marketing is an efficient economic production system which depends on several multi-level market functionaries from producers to consumers. The perfect model of fish market systems entails continuum in flow of the goods and services with high level of customer satisfaction. With this viewpoint, the current study was focused on analysing the di...

Goods and services tax (GST), hailed as a historic tax reform, is a step taken by Government of India to improve transparency and accountability in the taxation system of our country. The fisheries sector is also expected to have a varied impact consequent to the introduction of these reforms. The present study assessed the level of awareness and p...

This CMFRI Marine Fisheries Policy Series No.16 give a deep insight into the marine fisheries Sector of Gujarat. The document present a status report, major challenges and proposes mitigation measure to combat the issue and ensure long term sustainability of the sector.

The Indian fisheries and aquaculture statistics seems fail largely to capture the youth and children working in the sector. A detailed study in the area related to the rising interest of fishermen, especially the younger generation to move out of fisheries in search of new opportunities in other fields and the reasons for the same has not been carr...

This study explores the significant role of indigenous traditional ecological knowledge (ITEK) in weather forecast prediction and fishing related activities in the coastal villages of Tamil Nadu. In total, 33 rural coastal villages were studied for different uses of ecological indicators in seasonal predictions based on oceanographic parameters, hy...

Fisheries and allied sectors provide means of livelihood to millions of people around the world. In India more than 14.5 million individuals depend on fisheries for their livelihood, with Gujarat, Tamil Nadu and Kerala being the main three marine fish producing states of the country. The social and economic contribution of fisheries as a sector can...

Marine social-ecological systems are influenced by the way humans interact with their environment, and external forces, which change and re-shape the environment. In many regions, exploitation of marine resources and climate change are two of the primary drivers shifting the abundance and distribution of marine living resources, with negative effec...

The research was undertaken to assess the vulnerability of the coastal districts of Karnataka by construction of vulnerability indices. Besides, the climate change effects with respect to environmental impact, fishery impact, social impact, economic impact and development drivers impact as perceived by the fisher folk were studied.

Climate change, a global challenge facing mankind necessitates governments to develop mitigation and adaptation plans. The climate change has multidimensional impacts on environment, fishery, social, economic and development drivers. Climate change hot spots –can be defined as the ‘live labs’ where the manifestation of the climate change impacts is...

Coastal communities are some of the most at-risk populations with respect to climate change impacts. It is therefore important to determine the vulnerability of such communities to co-develop viable adaptation options. Global efforts to address this issue include international scientific projects, such as Global Learning for Local Solutions (GULLS)...

This study presents the structural characteristics and regeneration potential of mangrove patches in the estuarine and coastal areas of Kerala, a tropical maritime state in India. Field surveys were carried out at 46 selected sites during August 2015 to May 2016. In each site, the vegetative structure and regeneration status were assessed using the...

Indian marine fisheries sector contributes to economic development by way of food security, employment,foreign exchange, equity and many other externalities. The marine fish landings during 2016 were found to be 3.63 MT which registered a peak of 3.94 during 2012 of and thereafter registered a decelerating trend.Amidst fluctuation in landings the v...

Seasonal fishing ban (SFB) is followed along the Indian coast for the past 15 to 25 years for sustaining marine fishery resources. However, the effect of the SFB on fishery resources and societies has not yet been established. In this paper, an attempt has been made to evaluate the net social benefit of the SFB which will help to throw light on the...

Gastropods used both for decorative and edible purposes are a valuable resource along the east and west coast of India and the Andaman & Nicobar Islands. Even though the molluscan production in India was comparatively insignificant in earlier times, it increased due to the demand for edible as well as ornamental gastropods from around the globe cou...

Erratic monsoon and extreme climatic events cause considerable damages to life and property of the fishers in the country. Cuddalore District has been the worst affected of all districts in Tamil Nadu, in the recent past with the tsunami in 2004, cyclone Thane in 2011 and cyclone Neelam in 2012 creating a detrimental impact on coastal communities a...

This study investigates how people respond to economic stresses incurred as a result of natural resource regulations. Previous research has demonstrated that in some cases, men and women adapt differently to livelihood stresses. We argue that looking only at an individual’s sex is insufficient for understanding why they adapt the way they do. Inste...

The present study assessed the levels of literacy, health, income and livelihood security of fisher households across different fisheries sectors in Kerala. Primary data collected across 567 households during January to December, 2011were used for the study. The general trend in Kerala shows that majority of the fisherfolk were of the age group 36-...

Gastropods used both for decorative and edible purposes are a valuable resource along the east and west coast of India and the Andaman & Nicobar Islands. Even though the molluscan production in India was comparatively insignificant in earlier times, it increased due to the demand for edible as well as ornamental gastropods from around the globe cou...

Fisheries sector attained immense importance around the globe with augmenting income and employment generation. Indian fisheries sector provide dependency for over 14.5 million people across the country with Gujarat, Tamil Nadu, and Kerala, being the top three marine fish producing states of the country. Even possessing the highest literacy rate in...

The present study was conducted among the SAF -Theeramythri activity groups of Kerala across the nine coastal districts which focused on identifying the perception of the leaders and followers of the activity groups in its functioning. The benefits gained by the leader as well as the follower, short comings in the current functioning, group cohesiv...

The exposure to bio physical and socio-economic impacts of climate change are largely affecting the coastal community, owing to the very nature of their high dependency on marine resources makes the community more vulnerable. However, the poor understanding of the range of possible impacts of climate change by the community is a limiting factor to...

The impacts of climate change are invariably seen on agriculture, aquatic ecosystem, energy, and economics. The fishery sector on which livelihood of world’s 36 million fishers depends is also not untouched but a little attention has been given to study the vulnerability of fisherfolk population to climate change programs. Therefore, the present st...

Management can be defined as planning, organizing, leading, and controlling of human and other resources to achieve organizational goals effectively and efficiently. Managing a business requires knowledge, dedication, organizational skills and ingenuity. The overall vision for the business may be to address a need, provide a service or create somet...

Many coastal communities rely on living marine resources for livelihoods and food security. These resources are commonly under stress from overfishing, pollution, coastal development and habitat degradation. Climate change is an additional stressor beginning to impact coastal systems and communities, but may also lead to opportunities for some spec...

Mud banks are unique formations which are characteristic to the south west coast of India and it commensurates with the fishing holidays or closed season in fisheries. The fishermen who are devoid of fishing activities during the monsoon ban period gets to huge amount of shoals finds this as an opportunity to gain the sole income. The fishing opera...

Ocean warming "hotspots" are regions characterised by above-average temperature increases over recent years, for which there are significant consequences for both living marine resources and the societies that depend on them. As such, they represent early warning systems for understanding the impacts of marine climate change, and test-beds for deve...

The earth is challenged with multifarious environmental changes including that of climate change. For the smooth functioning of human life it is critical to find a panacea to these problems. Of the very many issues that we face today, the issue of sustainability and that of energy crisis are the need of the hour. Scientists, researchers and technol...

Scholars have long debated whether trade liberalization has positive or negative effects on resource use and ecosystems. This study examines the conditions under which resource use increases or decreases in response to reduced trade barriers, specifically after the 2008 WTO decision that led the United States to reduce anti-dumping duties on Indian...

A rapid survey was conducted during 24-26 November 2016 in order to assess the effect of demonetisation of thè 1000 and`500and`and`500 currency bills on the marine fishing operations, trade and fish consumption in Ernakulam district, Kerala across different landing centres and markets. A structured schedule eliciting information on the details rela...