Shulin Zhang

• Chief Scientist at Metagalaxy Consumer Technology

Phenolic compounds discharged in environmental water are required to remove as soon as possible by using the effective methods such as peroxidase catalyzed oxidation to avoid harm to human health. The crude peroxidase is sectionally salted out of potato starch processing wastewater by 40-70% saturated ammonium sulphate, and used to catalyze oxidati...

Chemical signals are crucial in mediating ecological and evolutionary adaptation of plants to their environments. Indeed, invasive plants may produce greater amounts of chemical metabolites in their new ranges. Some of these chemicals can enhance their mutualistic interactions and improve invasive plant performance, but genetic mechanisms of such a...

Long-distance transfer of genetic material and metabolites between rootstock and scions is well documented in homo-grafted hybrids but has rarely been reported in genetically-distant grafts where the rootstock and scion belong to different families. In this study, we grafted Vitis vinifera scions onto Schisandra chinensis stocks and obtained 20 veg...

Fruit cracking or splitting is a severe physiological disease that significantly affects appearance and quality, compromising the commodity value of fruit and causing substantial economic losses to the producers of several fleshy fruit crops. The growth-promoting plant hormone gibberellins (GAs) and growth-inhibiting abscisic acid (ABA) antagonisti...

Jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) stands as a pivotal fruit tree with significant economic, ecological, and social value. Recent years have witnessed remarkable strides in multi-omics-based biological research on jujube. This review began by summarizing advancements in jujube genomics. Subsequently, we provided a comprehensive overview of the integrat...

Jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) stands as a pivotal fruit tree with significant economic, ecological, and social value. Recent years have witnessed remarkable strides in multi-omics-based biological re-search on jujube. This review began by summarizing advancements in jujube genomics. Subse-quently, we provided a comprehensive overview of the integr...

Fruit cracking or splitting, a severe physiological disease that highly affects appearance and quality, compromise the commodity value of fruit and also causes huge economical losses to the producers of several fleshy fruit crops. The growth-promoting phytohormone gibberellic acid (GA) and growth-inhibiting phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) antagoni...

For complex SQUID biomagnetic systems, such as multi-channel magnetoneurography, channel crosstalk has been studied and solved to some extent, but the crosstalk effects of superconductors themselves are rarely considered. In this paper, the crosstalk characteristics of superconducting coils induced by electromagnetic mutual inductance and Meissner...

The World Health Organization recommends culture-based techniques as the gold standard for rifampicin-resistant (RR) tuberculosis. However, as rapid molecular assays are rolled out, discordance in resistance has been observed. The current study compared 516 clinical isolates on Lowenstein–Jenson (LJ) and Mycobacteria Growth Indicator Tube (MGIT) dr...

Tumor-derived circulating exosomes (TDEs) are being pursued as informative and noninvasive biomarkers. However, quantitatively detecting TDEs is still challenging. Herein, we constructed a DNA tetrahedral-structured probe (TSP)-mediated microfluidic magnetic detection system (μFMS) to provide a rapid and sensitive platform for analyzing TDEs. CD63...

Chemical signals are crucial in mediating ecological and evolutionary adaptation of plants to their environments. Invasive plants can release distinct secondary metabolite mixtures in their new ranges, enhancing their mutualistic interactions and improving their performance, but genetic mechanisms of such adaptations are unexplored. We used Triadic...

Background The development of cotton fiber is regulated by the orchestrated binding of regulatory proteins to cis-regulatory elements associated with developmental genes. The cis–trans regulatory dynamics occurred throughout the course of cotton fiber development are elusive. Here we generated genome-wide high-resolution DNase I hypersensitive site...

The accuracy of Tesla/Volt calibration factors for SQUID gradiometers is essential to take advantage of magnetic gradient tensor (MGT), but the accuracy of the published calibration procedures rang from tenths of per cent to a few per cent. In this paper, we propose an efficient calibration method for planar SQUID gradiometers based on the MGT comp...

The nonaqueous catalysis of lipases is significant for synthesis of high pure esters, but they usually behave low catalytic activity due to denaturation and aggregation of enzyme protein in organic phases. To improve the nonaqueous catalysis, the inexpensive copper phthalocyanine was taken as a new carrier on which Pseudomonas cepacia lipase was im...

Floral longevity (FL) is an important floral functional trait which is critical for flowering plants. FL shows great diversity among angiosperms; however, there is limited information on the mechanisms that influence differences in floral longevity, especially the relationship between petal anatomical traits and floral longevity. We aimed to examin...

Background Long-distance transfer of genetic material and metabolites between rootstock and scions is well documented in homo-grafted hybrids but has rarely been reported in genetically-distant grafts where the rootstock and scion belong to different families. Results We grafted Vitis vinifera scions onto Schisandra chinensis stocks and obtained 2...

Plant distant grafting can produce stable genetic variation, which is a new method for germplasm innovation. Two chimeras, peach/apricot (PA) and apricot/peach (AP), were created through two-way grafting between peach and apricot. The leaves, flowers and fruit phenotypes of chimeras were significantly different to self-rooted rootstock. In order to...

Intensive shrimp farming is often threatened by microcystins Hepatopancreas is the primary target organ of MCs in shrimp. To investigate the response of hepatopancreas to acute MC-LR exposure, the expression profiles of RNA-seq and miRNA-seq in the hepatopancreas of L. vannamei were determined, and data integration analysis was performed at 72 h af...

Background: Grafting is an efficient method in producing the grafted hybrids of fruit tree.For the formation mechanism of the grafted hybrids, long-distance transfer of genetic material and metabolites between rootstock and scions is well documented in homo-grafted hybrid, but it has rarely been reported in distant-grafted cases in which the rootst...

To overcome the lack of dissolved oxygen in high-density aquaculture water, a hydrogen peroxide-acrylic resin inclusion complex with sustained oxygen releasing effect was designed and prepared. The resin was synthesized by emulsion polymerization of acrylic acid, methyl methacrylate and butyl acrylate in a mass ratio of 2: 3: 5, and neutralized wit...

The nonaqueous catalysis of lipases is significant for synthesis of high pure esters, but they usually behave low catalytic activity due to denaturation and aggregation of enzyme protein in organic phases. To improve the nonaqueous catalysis, the inexpensive copper phthalocyanine was taken as a new carrier on which Pseudomonas cepacia lipase was im...

Verticillium wilt, caused by the soil-borne fungus Verticillium dahliae, is one of the most devastating diseases in cotton (Gossypium spp.). Lignin in the cell wall forms a physical barrier to inhibit pathogen invasion, and defense-induced lignification reinforces secondary cell wall to prevent pathogens from further spreading. Cinnamyl alcohol deh...

Citronellyl acetate as an important flavor, can be effectively synthesized by lipase catalysis in nonaqueous system. But lipases usually behave low catalytic activity due to aggregation and denaturation of them in organic phase. To enhance the nonaqueous catalysis, based on the mechanism of lipases activated at water/oil (organic phase) interface,...

Background and Objectives Quantifying the acid value of stored wheat is of great significance for timely treatment and avoiding waste. For the low‐fat content in wheat, the aim of this study is to propose a microchemical way for the acid value analysis. Findings Twenty‐four wheat samples are taken from the grain reserve depot and the acid values o...

In this paper, we propose an end-to-end deep learning architecture, referred as MCG-Net, integrating convolutional neural network (CNN) with transformer-based global context block for fine-grained delineation and diagnostic classification of four cardiac events from magnetocardiogram (MCG) data, namely Q-, R-, S- and T-waves. MCG-Net} takes advanta...

To better understand the working principles of Superconducting Quantum Interference Device (SQUID) direct readout schemes, which work in different bias and amplifier modes with different internal feedback schemes, we present the complete circuit analyses on SQUID small-signal model. SQUID bias and amplifier circuits are analyzed using SQUID Theveni...

Background CpG oligodeoxynucleotides, which boast anti-inflammatory, anti-infectious, and chemotherapeutic activities, are promising immunomodulators. Recently, some preclinical studies have highlighted the potent immunostimulatory and anti-tumor effects of CpG oligodeoxynucleotides, which has aroused interest in their potential clinical effects on...

To improve the stability of lipases in organic phases and promote the enzymatic synthesis, the inexpensive Melia azedarach leaf powder was taken as carrier for lipase immobilization, which was considered as solid “water” that could stabilize enzyme proteins. On the leaf powder, Pseudomonas fluorescens lipase was immobilized by physic adsorption in...

There are two bias schemes, namely current-bias and voltage-bias, for the directly-coupled readout circuit of direct current Superconducting Quantum Interference Device (dc SQUID). We present the theoretical analysis and experimental validation of the equivalent circuit, working point location, and noise performance in order to find out the differe...

Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is endemic in Pakistan. Resistance to both firstline rifampicin and isoniazid drugs (multidrug-resistant TB; MDR-TB) is hampering disease control. Rifampicin resistance is attributed to rpoB gene mutations, but rpoA and rpoC l oci may also be involved. To characterise underlying rifampicin re...

Discovering new serological markers of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) infection and establishing a rapid and efficient detection technology is of great significance for the prevention and control of tuberculosis. In this study, we established an exponentially modified protein abundance index (emPAI) value‐assisted strategy to investigate and impr...

It is important for the synthesis and research of phthalocyanine compounds for these compounds to be easily obtained at low temperature. We observed that metal-free phthalocyanine was sometimes found in a simple system used to synthesize phthalocyanine precursors at room temperature, and further studies showed that the key to the effective formatio...

Carotenoid cleavage dioxygenases (CCDs) are a group of enzymes that catalyze the selective oxidative cleavage steps from carotenoids to apocarotenoids, which are essential for the synthesis of biologically important molecules such as retinoids, and the phytohormones abscisic acid (ABA) and strigolactones. In addition, CCDs play important roles in p...

Whole genome sequencing (WGS) is one of the most reliable methods for detection of drug resistance, genetic diversity in other virulence factor and also evolutionary dynamics of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC). First-line anti-tuberculosis drugs are the major weapons against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). However, the emergence of drug...

The rapid overcompensatory growth that appears when cyanobacteria are supplied with adequate resources after a period of resource deprivation might contribute to the occurrence of cyanobacterial blooms. We investigated the changing characteristics of overcompensatory growth and serine/threonine kinase (STK) genes expression of cyanobacterium Microc...

With diverse genetic backgrounds, soybean landraces are valuable resource for breeding programs. Herein, we apply multi‐omic approaches to extensively characterise the molecular basis of drought tolerance in the soybean landrace LX. Initial screens established that LX performed better with PEG6000 treatment than control cultivars. LX germinated bet...

Spodoptera litura is a major insect with a cosmopolitan distribution and strong resistance to multiple insecticides. Determining the molecular basis and key candidate genes of the insecticide resistance of S. litura may help in managing this insect. In this study, fifth-instar S. litura larvae were subjected to transcriptome analysis at 6, 12, 24,...

Direct current superconducting quantum interference device (dc SQUID) can be regarded as a hybrid system with two nonlinear Josephson currents driving a linear network consists of conventional resistors (R), inductors (L), and capacitors (C). There must be LC resonances inside the SQUID loop with influences on its static current-voltage characteris...

Practical superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs) have been developed into multiloop hybrid electric circuits with Josephson junctions and normal elements such as resistor, inductor and capacitor. To find a common circuit analysis and simulation method for different types of SQUID hybrid circuits consist of both superconducting and no...

It has been found that when SQUID magnetometers operate in a geomagnetic field environment , its output will occasionally show small momentary jumps with the change of the external magnetic field, which seriously affects the measurement accuracy of the geomagnetic field and needs to be eliminated. A magnetic flux jump model called the Parasitic Sup...

Background: Patients with angina-like symptoms need invasive or non-invasive angiography to determine whether revascularization is necessary. For patients in need of revascularization, undergoing coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) may delay the treatment of revascularization and increase exposure to contrast agents and radiation. The...

Flux modulated static current-voltage characteristics are the basis of DC SQUID being the flux-to-voltage convertor utilized in high-performance magnetic field measurement systems. Those static behaviors are the results of the internal quantum interference between two Josephson junctions. However, the interferometric working principle and the inter...

Background Tuberculosis (TB) is a global public health issue, getting worse due to emergence of resistance. Pyrazinamide (PZA) is first-line antimicrobial drugs used against non-replicated Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). Data is scarce about whole genome sequencing of PZA resistance (PZA-R) in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) province of high burden count...

Background At present, non-small cell lung cancer has a high morbidity and mortality, and the recurrence and metastasis situation is serious. It is impossible to accurately predict the prognosis of cancer patients clinically. Biomarker is a kind of biomolecule with wide application prospects, and its potential in cancer prognosis is gradually revea...

Aims The purpose of our study is to explore the combination effect of epirubicin and Bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG) and its mechanism. Background Bladder cancer is a threat to human health worldwide. Commonly used chemotherapy drugs and biotherapy have significant therapeutic effects on bladder cancer, but the mechanism and combined effects are st...

To promote the adaptability of the practical Magnetocardiography (MCG) system working in unshielded environment, the SQUID readout electronics is required to improve its stability and the Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC). It should be low-drift to the variation of cryogenic liquid level in long-time running, avoid Electromagnetic Interference (E...

Objective To evaluate the anti-cancer effect of unmethylated cytosine-phosphorothioate-guanine (CpG)-containing oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) on human bladder cancer UM-UC-3 cells, our study was carried out. Methods The viability of cells (UM-UC-3, T24 and SV-HUC-1) with CpG ODN treatments was examined by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. Apoptosi...

To implement a Flux Quanta Counting (FQC) scheme in the wide range magnetic field measurement using Superconducting Quantum Interference Device (SQUID), we present a SQUID Proportional Feedback Amplifier (PFA) circuit. It is a simplified version of the direct readout Flux-Locked Loop (FLL) electronics without integrator. It achieved a periodically...

Nonlinearity with multiple working points limits the practical applications of two-stage Superconducting Quantum Interference Device (SQUID) readout circuit which is promising for low noise performance. To solve this problem, we proposed a simple two-stage SQUID readout circuit with two conventional dc SQUIDs improved with proportional feedback sch...

For green synthesis in organic phases, the catalysis of lipases needs to be further improved. Here a strategy is to simulate the activation of lipases at water/oil interface by immobilizing lipase on an available carrier material, which can replace the water at the interface to stabilize enzyme against denaturation from organic phase. The carrier i...

Background: F-box proteins are substrate-recognition components of the Skp1-Rbx1-Cul1-F-box protein (SCF) ubiquitin ligases. By selectively targeting the key regulatory proteins or enzymes for ubiquitination and 26S proteasome mediated degradation, F-box proteins play diverse roles in plant growth/development and in the responses of plants to both...

To better understand working principles of Superconducting Quantum Interference Device (SQUID) direct readout schemes which are working in different bias and amplifier modes with different internal feedback schemes, we present the complete circuit analyses based on SQUID small signal model. SQUID bias and amplifier circuits are analyzed using SQUID...

Determining the genetic rearrangement and domestication footprints in Gossypium hirsutum cultivars and primitive race genotypes are essential for effective gene conservation efforts and the development of advanced breeding molecular markers for marker-assisted breeding. In this study, 94 accessions representing the 7 primitive races of G hirsutum,...

Chinese walnut (Juglans cathayensis Dode) is an excellent breeding germplasm to improve certain economically essential traits of Persian walnut (Juglans regia L.). However, only a few genomic characterization studies of the Chinese walnut have been reported and made available to the public for walnut breeding practice. In the present study, we foun...

Berberine is a potent algicidal allelochemical of Microcystis aeruginosa. To optimize its application in the control of Microcystis blooms, effects of berberine on the growth and photosynthetic activities of M. aeruginosa and non-target green alga Chlorella pyrenoidosa were compared. The results showed that algicidal activity of berberine on M. aer...

The total lipid content as an important biochemical parameter for evaluating the lipid-containing samples, needs to be determined more accurately and conveniently. Here, a UV-vis method is developed for quantification of total lipid based on the characteristic absorption, namely Q band at 675 nm, of tetra-β-(2-octanyloxy) substituted nickel phthalo...

A SQUID planar gradiometer is an extremely sensitive sensor for magnetic gradient measurements. It has been shown to have potential applications for aeromagnetic detection. The major challenge when operating an aeromagnetic SQUID system in actual environment is the motion noise, including the inherent response resulting from gradiometer imbalance a...

To implement wide range measurement using direct current Superconducting Quantum Interference Device (dc SQUID), we presented a simple two-terminal SQUID amplifier consists of a shunt resistor and a conventional SQUID in series with feedback coil. Only two terminals are led out with coaxial cable for high speed and low heat loss. Periodically repea...

Pyrazinamide (PZA) is the only drug for the elimination of latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) isolates. However, due to the increased number of PZA-resistance, the chances of the success of global TB elimination seems to be more prolonged. Recently, marine natural products (MNPs) as an anti-TB agent have received much attention, where some com...

Objective: Unmethylated cytosine-phosphorothioate-guanine oligodeoxynucleotide, a synthetic oligodeoxynucleotide, has been used as an adjuvant in clinic and in the antitumor activity. However, the antitumor mechanism of cytosine-phosphorothioate-guanine oligodeoxynucleotide against human bladder cancer is unknown. The purpose of this study is to e...

The main purpose of this study was to investigate the distribution of acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), non-specific esterase (NSE), peroxidase (POD), and mucous cells in the intestine of the koi carp Cyprinus carpio var. koi. ACP activity was located in the striated border, enterocytes, and lamina propria of the anterior and midd...

To implement wide range measurement using direct current Superconducting Quantum Interference Device (dc SQUID), we presented a simple two-terminal SQUID amplifier consists of a shunt resistor and a conventional SQUID in series with feedback coil. Only two terminals are led out with coaxial cable for high speed and low heat loss. Periodically repea...

Transient Electromagnetic Method (TEM) is an effective way for mineral resource prospecting if an induction coil is used as the traditional sensor. Superconducting Quantum Inter-ference Device (SQUID) obtains excellent sensitivity at low fre-quency compared to coil. Thus the exploration depth and accura-cy of TEM can be greatly improved. However, u...

In freshwater aquaculture ponds, application of algicidal Bacillus is a promising way in the control of cyanobacterial blooms. To best understand Bacillus algicidal characters and mechanisms in the field, different-sized colonial cyanobacteria were isolated from an aquaculture pond, and the effects of B. subtilis on their growth, colony maintenance...

In view of the recognized anti‐tumor properties of eugenol against non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in cell culture, here we further set out to investigate the potential therapeutic effect of eugenol in vivo and elucidate the underlying molecular mechanism. The relative expression levels of TRIM59 and p65 in NSCLC were quantified by real‐time pol...

Aims: The relationship between TRIM59 and drug resistance is elusive despite of its multiple uncovered roles in human cancers. Here we aimed to characterize the expression status of TRIM59 in gefitinib-resistant EGFR mutant lung adenocarcinoma cells and elucidate its mechanism underlying the drug resistance. Main methods: Gefitinib-resistant cel...

The F‐box domain containing proteins is one of the super protein families in Eukaryotic cells including yeast, plant, and mammals. For example, the model plant Arabidopsis and Medicago genomes contain nearly 700 and 1000 F‐box protein encoding genes, respectively, which are the two largest gene families in the plant kingdom. Excluding the N‐termina...

We have developed and fabricated SQUID gradiometers in Nb/Al-AlOx/Nb technology using i-line stepper combined with mask aligner lithography. The stepper and the aligner are used to fabricate fine-scale patterns such as Josephson junctions and large-scale patterns such as pickup coil, respectively, on the same wafer with 4-inch diameter. The SQUID i...

Superoxide dismutases (SODs) play important roles in plant growth, development, and response to abiotic stresses. Despite SOD gene families have been identified in various plant species, little is known in foxtail millet (Setaria italica L.). In this study, a systematic analysis of SOD gene family was performed in foxtail millet and the expression...

Objective: This study focused on developing a fast and accurate automatic ischemic heart disease detection/localization methodology. Methods: T wave was segmented from averaged MCG recordings and 164 features were subsequently extracted. These features were categorized into three groups: time domain features, frequency domain features, and infor...

To effectively determine acid values (AVs) of edible oils by UV-vis spectroscopy, a novel method is developed based on two characteristic peaks of tetra-α-octyloxy zinc phthalocyanine at 709 and 749 nm. They are sensitive to trace fat acid in chloroform, and especially the one at 749 nm shows a good correlation between absorbance (AR) and fat acid...

It is one of main tasks in university teaching to solve the contradiction between scientific research and teaching, so as to return the present teaching work to the essence of university education, effectively imparting the professional knowledge and technical ability to undergraduates. An effective strategy for solving this problem is to carry out...

Long terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposon is the most abundant DNA component and is largely responsible for plant genome size variation. Although it has been studied in plant species, very limited data is available for cotton, the most important fiber and texture crop. In this study, we performed a comprehensive analysis of LTR retrotransposon fam...

A bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library for G. mustelinum Miers ex G. Watt (AD4) was constructed. Intact nuclei from G. mustelinum (AD4) were used to isolate high molecular weight DNA, which was partially cleaved with Hind III and cloned into pSMART BAC (Hind III) vectors. The BAC library consisted of 208,182 clones arrayed in 542 384-micro...

The profiling of abnormally-expressed proteins in host cells using mass spectrometry (MS) analysis is a classical approach for screening disease-associated biomarkers in clinical diagnosis. However, few pathogen-specific antigens can currently be detected in serum using this proteomic approach, since these are very low-abundant proteins that are ea...

The cyanobacterium Microcystis occurs as colonies of different sizes with varying abundance of toxic genotypes versus non-toxic genotypes under natural conditions. To investigate effects of toxic Microcystis genotypes on natural colony formation, samples collected from the mainstream of Haihe River from July to October 2015 were sieved into four co...

The culture filtrate proteins (CFPs) from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) have been shown to induce protective immune responses in human and animal models, making them a promising source of candidate targets for tuberculosis drugs, vaccines and diagnostics. The constituents of the MTB CFP proteome are complex and vary with growth conditions. To ef...

Magnetocardiography (MCG) within a magnetically shielded room is now widely used for clinical research studies, but its high cost and immobility impose major obstacles toward its market penetration. As an alternative method, the unshielded MCG measurements are traditionally equipped with the axial second-order gradiometers and three-axial reference...

Hemocyte types of the Macrobrachium prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii were identified using the methods of flow cytometry and light microscopy. The activities of endoenzymes including peroxidase (POD), phenoloxidase (PO), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in hemocytes were analyzed by cytochemical and biochemical methods. Mitochondrial membrane potentia...

ANT is a commonly occurring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) in natural eutrophic waters where Microcystis blooms break out usually. In this study, effects of ANT at different concentrations (0.02, 0.06, 0.18, 0.54, and 1.62 μg/mL) on the growth, microcystin-LR (MC-LR) production, and expression of three key mcy genes in Microcystis aeruginosa...