Shujiang Li

• Researcher at First Institute of Oceanography (FIO), Ministry of Natural Resources (MNR), P.R.China

The Indonesian Seas and Surroundings (ISS) play an important role in global ocean circulation by connecting the Pacific and Indian Oceans via the global thermohaline circulation. This region regulates the exchange of water mass, heat, salinity, and biogeochemical elements, further influencing the global climate and carbon cycle. Consequently, exten...

The propagation of intraseasonal Kelvin waves in the Indonesian seas significantly modulates the Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) transport. However, their northward propagation across the equator within the main ITF route, particularly through the Makassar Strait, has remained unverified due to a lack of in situ observations. This study presents simul...

The Indonesian seas, with their complex passages and vigorous mixing, constitute the only route and are critical in regulating Pacific–Indian Ocean interchange, air–sea interaction, and global climate events. Previous research employing remote sensing and numerical simulations strongly suggested that this mixing is tidally driven and localized in n...

The Indonesian Throughflow (ITF), which connects the tropical Pacific and Indian oceans, plays important roles in the inter-ocean water exchange and regional or even global climate variability. The Makassar Strait is the main inflow passage of the ITF, carrying about 77% of the total ITF volume transport. In this study, we analyze the simulated ITF...

This study presents the development and testing of a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) buoy designed for measuring the sea surface elevation and tide level. The precision-point-positioning (PPP) technology is adopted for precise observation. The design of the buoy body is optimized by stability and hydrodynamic calculations. A high-performa...

The Karimata Strait (KS) throughflow between the South China Sea (SCS) and Java Sea plays an essential role in heat and freshwater budget in the SCS and dual roles in strengthening/reducing the primary Indonesian throughflow (ITF) in the Makassar Strait. A sustained long-term monitoring of the ITF is logistically challenging and expensive; therefor...

The global ocean mass has significantly changed during recent decades, which may induce changes in the abyssal ocean circulation. Due to the lack of in situ observations, the response of the abyssal South China Sea (SCS) circulation to ocean mass changes remains unclear. The ocean state estimate, Estimating the Circulation and Climate of the Ocean...

This study aims to investigate variability of the deep South China Sea (SCS) circulation using the Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM) global reanalysis product. The results reveal that annual cycle is a dominant component in the deep SCS circulation. Meanwhile, the boundary circulation strength is the weakest in January and peaks between June an...

Deep water in the South China Sea is renewed by the cold and dense Luzon Strait overflow. However, from where and how the deep water upwells is poorly understood yet. Based on the Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model reanalysis data, vertical velocity is derived to answer these questions. Domain-integrated vertical velocity is of two maxima, one in the sh...

The Luzon Strait overflow is a deep current of dense water flowing persistently into the South China Sea (SCS) from the Pacific. It is the primary driving force of the deep SCS circulation and potentially influenced by ocean mass changes. Limited by the lengths of in situ observations, long‐term changes in the Luzon Strait overflow transport (LSOT)...

The contamination status and transport of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in the seawater of the Indian Ocean (IO) and an adjacent subregion of the Northwest Pacific Ocean (NWPO) were investigated. Eight legacy PFASs were widely distributed in the surface seawater, and perfluoroheptanoic acid (PFHpA) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) we...

Although the microbial diversity of the Indian Ocean has been extensively investigated, little is known about the community composition of microbes in the Southern Indian Ocean. In the present study, we divided 60 water column samples on the Ninety-East Ridge (NER) into five water masses according to the temperature-salinity curves. We presented, f...

The southern coast of Java is known as one of the most productive fishing grounds for tuna, feeding by nutrient-rich water along the coast caused by the subsurface water upwelling. This primary productivity can be evidenced by the high sea surface chlorophyll-a concentration (SSC). Based on satellite remote sensing products, we investigate the mult...

Volume, heat and freshwater transports from the South China Sea (SCS) to the Java Sea through the Karimata Strait are estimated based on direct measurements of current, temperature, salinity, and satellite observations. Subject to strong seasonal variability, the volume, heat, freshwater transports are −1.98 ± 0.23 Sv (1 Sv = 10⁶ m³/s), −209.68 ± 1...

This study examines the vertical structure of the Banda Sea circulation, using the HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model+Navy Coupled Ocean Data Assimilation Global Analysis (GLBa0.08) products. The vorticity distribution shows a four‐layer structure in the Banda Sea circulation, stronger in the upper 700 m than in the deeper layers. Circulation during the...

This study examined the characteristics and vertical propagation of near inertial waves (NIWs) induced by Typhoon Linfa (2015), based on in situ observations conducted southeast of Dongsha Islands in the South China Sea. The results demonstrate that the near inertial currents induced by Linfa had velocities up to 35cm s⁻¹ in the mixed layer and 20c...

The South China Sea (SCS) is a semi-enclosed ocean basin, with its sole deepwater renewal channel in the northeast, the Luzon Strait, connected to the northwestern Pacific. The circulation in the SCS is endowed with a distinctive multi-layer structure, which is influenced by the seasonally reversing Southeast Asian monsoon at the surface, modulated...

Near-bottom currents play important roles in the formation and dynamics of deep-water sedimentary systems. This study examined the characteristics and temporal variations of near-bottom currents, especially the tidal components, based on two campaigns (2014 and 2016) of in situ observations conducted southeast of the Dongsha Island in the South Chi...

Besides the Indonesian throughflow (ITF), the South China Sea throughflow (SCSTF) also contributes to the water transport from the Pacific to the Indian Ocean. However, this South China Sea (SCS) branch at the Karimata Strait is poorly observed until 2007, even though its importance has been suggested by numerical studies for decades. In this paper...

Four trawl-resistant bottom mounts, with acoustic Doppler current profilers (ADCPs) embedded, were deployed in the Karimata Strait from November 2008 to June 2015 as part of the South China Sea-Indonesian Seas Transport/Exchange and Impact on Seasonal Fish Migration (SITE) Program, to estimate the volume and property transport between the South Chi...

The three-dimensional climatological spreading of South Pacific waters over the Maritime Continent is examined using eddy-resolving simulations and a passive tracer method. Four pathways are summarized for the South Pacific Tropical Water and the Antarctic Intermediate Water through the Maritime Continent, including two direct pathways, namely, the...

Using velocity profiles observed by bottom-mounted ADCPs, we identified strong intraseasonal variability in the Sunda Strait throughflow. This intraseasonal variability, with typical periods of 20–40 days and the strongest energy occurring in the boreal spring, can reverse the Sunda Strait throughflow. Further analysis showed this intraseasonal var...

Seasonal variability of water properties obtained from conductivitytemperature- depth casts from 2008 to 2015 and current velocities obtained from moorings deployed from 2008 to 2009 show that the Sunda Strait plays dual roles in water exchange between the Pacific and Indian Oceans. The Sunda Strait current velocity is strongly affected by seasonal...

The South China Sea (SCS) and the Java Sea (JS) are connected through the Karimata Strait, Gaspar Strait, and the southern Natuna Sea, where the tides are often used as open boundary condition for tidal simulation in the SCS or Indonesian seas. Tides, tidal currents, and tidal energy fluxes of the principle constituents K1, O1, Q1, M2, S2, and N2 a...

The South China Sea (SCS) and the Java Sea (JS) are connected through the Karimata Strait, Gaspar Strait, and the southern Natuna Sea, where the tides are often used as open boundary condition for tidal simulation in the SCS or Indonesian seas. Tides, tidal currents and tidal energy fluxes of the principle constituents K1, O1, Q1, M2, S2 and N2 at...

In order to quantitatively estimate the volume and property transports between the South China Sea and Indonesian Seas via the Karimata Strait, two trawl-resistant bottom mounts, with ADCPs embedded, were deployed in the strait to measure the velocity profile as part of the South China Sea-Indonesian Seas transport/exchange (SITE) program. A pair o...

It is believed that the water exchanges between the South China Sea and the Indonesian Seas are significant, and play an important role in the water mass formation and air-sea interactions of both the South China Sea and Indonesian Seas. It has also been found that the current in Sunda Strait has been obvious seasonal variation, which indicates the...

The warming of the Arctic Intermediate Water (AIW) is studied based on the analyses of hydrographic observations in the Canada Basin of the Arctic Ocean during 1985–2006. It is shown that how the anomalously warm AIW spreads in the Canada Basin during the observation time through the analysis of the AIW temperature spatial distribution in different...

1] Acoustic Doppler current profiler observations were carried out at two stations along a transect northwest of the Karimata Strait from December 2007 to November 2008. One month and 10 months of full‐depth current data were obtained at the western and eastern stations, respectively. The observations show that the South China Sea (SCS) water flows...

The attenuation property of a lateral propagating light (LPL) in sea ice was measured using an artificial lamp in the Canadian Arctic during the 2007/2008 winter. A measurement method is proposed and applied whereby a recording instrument is buried in the sea ice and an artificial lamp is moved across the instrument. The apparent attenuation coeffi...

The attenuation property of a lateral propagating light (LPL) in sea ice was measured using an artificial lamp in the Canadian Arctic during the 2007/2008 winter. A measurement method is proposed and applied whereby a recording instrument is buried in the sea ice and an artificial lamp is moved across the instrument. The apparent attenuation coeffi...

A year-round halocline is a particular hydrographic structure in the upper Arctic Ocean. On the basis of an analysis of the hydrographic data collected in the Arctic Ocean, it is found that a double-halocline structure exists in the upper layer of the southern Canada Basin, which is absolutely different from the Cold Halocline Layer (CHL) in the Eu...

The upper ocean thermohaline structures in the region of the Chukchi Plateau are analyzed with the hydrographic data collected by the Chinese National Arctic Research Expedition in the summer of 2003. Three types of the Pacific-origin water were found in the upper ocean, Alaska Coastal Water (ACW), summer Bering Sea Water (sBSW) and winter Bering S...