Shobhit Srivastava

Project Concern International (PCI) · MEL

Background Violence against women is considered a fundamental violation of their human rights. According to the world health organization (WHO), one-third of women worldwide experience some form of intimate partner violence (IPV). This study aimed to investigate the relationship between dowry demand, perception of wife-beating, decision-making on w...

Older age is associated with higher life satisfaction in India, refuting some claims that the positive association between age and life satisfaction only exists in high-income nations. On average, older men in India are more satisfied with life than older women (Table 5.1), but when taking all other measures into account, older women report higher...

Limited evidence exists about the contraception uptake in indigenous tribal groups of the northeastern region of India. Based on the National Family Health Survey (NFHS) IV (2015-16) reports, this study aimed to describe the pattern and factors associated with contraceptive non-use in the tribal women of north eastern part of India. The study was a...

Background Droughts, flash floods, rail accidents, and riots are relatively regular occurrences for those living in many low- and middle-income countries like India. While such natural and human-made disasters put everyone in harm’s way, their toll on specific segments of society–like older adults–is the heaviest. Therefore, in this study, we exami...

Depression substantially burdens individuals and society due to the associated disease burden, which makes it the fourth most prominent driver of global illness. Older adults with migrant status are highly vulnerable to this mental health condition worldwide. Our study projects the risk of depression by migration status of older Indian adults aged...

Background Losing loved ones is considered one of the most stressful events in life. With the increase in life expectancy globally over the past century, widowhood has become an older women’s issue. The study aimed to examine the association of widowhood duration with depression and cognitive function among older women in India. Method We used the...

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on human health and has led to social isolation and health implications. In order to optimize public health, it is important to understand the role of social and behavioral sciences, including dietary patterns and lifestyle changes. This study aimed to identify the effect of lockdown on dietary pat...

Background: This study examined the associations among body mass index (BMI), handgrip strength (HGS) and cognitive impairment among older adults in India. We also assessed whether these associations vary by gender. Methods: We used data from baseline wave of the Longitudinal Aging Study in India (2017-18) with a sample of 31,464 adults age 60 and...

Inspite of implementing policies to control mental health problems, depression remains a severe health concern among older adults in India. We examined self-reported differences in the depression among older men and women in India and examined associated factors for gender differences in depression at the population level. We utilized nationally re...

Among various health implications for an older adult, cognitive impairment and related dementias are significant public health concerns and lack due attention in the in-policy arena. Therefore, the present study explores the prevalence and determinants of cognitive impairment among older adults in India with special reference to the migrant status...

Background Most of the existing literature in developing countries focused on either the rising trend of CS or its determinants. There is a paucity of population-based studies on existing socioeconomic inequalities in availing CS services by women in Indonesia. This study aimed to assess the factors associated with caesarian section (CS) delivery a...

Objectives The study explored the associated factors of depression among older Indian adults and the influences of individual and socio-environmental factors in explaining the rural-urban difference in the prevalence of late-life depression. Methods Data come from the Longitudinal Aging Study in India, with a sample of 30,637 older adults aged 60...

Background: One of the sustainable development goals' (SDGs) primary goals (Goal 3) is to ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for persons of all ages. While extensive literature documents the link between physical frailty and low life satisfaction (LLS) among older adults, research of this nature is limited within low and middle-income cou...

Despite the historical and cultural context of multigenerational living and family-oriented and filial old age-support in India, increased dependence of older adults on their children is becoming less of a norm than in the past. In this study, we explore the factors associated with the mismatch between preferred and actual living arrangements among...

Background Older adults experience a natural decline in health, physical and cognitive functionality, and vision impairment (VI) is one among them and has become an increasing health concern worldwide. The present study assessed the association of chronic morbidities such as diabetes, hypertension, stroke, heart diseases and various socioeconomic f...

Objectives: The study aimed to investigate the effect of utilization of treatment for insomnia symptoms on the prevalence of major depressive disorder among older adults in India. Methods: We used the data from the Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI), 2017-18. The sample included 10,911 older individuals who reported insomnia symptoms. The...

Abstract Background It is documented that married women do not utilize contraceptive methods, because of the fear of adverse effects, no or seldom sexual interaction; perception that they should not use contraception during breastfeeding, postpartum amenorrhea, or dissatisfaction with a specific method of contraception. The current study aimed to e...

Background Preventing and responding to gender-based violence (GBV) is both a human rights imperative and a multifaceted economic issue. GBV can also act as a barrier to economic empowerment. The aim of the study was to examine the association between women’s empowerment (physical mobility, decision making and economic resources) and GBV among marr...

Background Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) is one of the most common forms of violence against women. IPV against adolescents and young adult married women (15–19 years only) is poorly understood and not much researched as compared to their adult counterparts. The present study investigates the changes in multiple forms of IPV and tries to understa...

Introduction: Anaemia is one of the micronutrient deficiency disorders that have global public health implications. The present study aims to determine the association of minimum dietary diversity (MDD) with anaemia among children aged 6-59 months in rural North India. Methods: In Rohtak (a north Indian city), a cross-sectional survey was conduc...

Background Ageing entails a decline in physical and functional abilities including a reduced body balance due to complex integration and coordination of sensory acuity, motor control, neural and cognitive functions. This study aimed to examine the association between tandem balance test and cognitive impairment among older Indian adults. The study...

Background: Rowe and Kahn define successful aging as a high physical, psychological, and social functioning in old age without major diseases. It is considered a viable solution to the burdens placed on healthcare systems and financial and social security in societies with aging population. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of su...

The World Health Organization considered minimum dietary diversity (MDD) as one of the eight core indicators as a part of feeding practices among children aged 6–23 months. However, there is limited evidence on examining the change in socioeconomic status (SES) related inequality for MDD. Therefore, the present study aims to estimate the extent of...

Background The present study aims to estimate the factors contributing to the change adequate diversified dietary intake (ADDI) from 2005–06 to 2015–16 among children aged 6–23 months in India. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted using a large representative survey data. Data from the National Family Health Survey 2005–06 and 2015–16 was...

This study aimed to measure the socio-economic inequalities in having minimum dietary diversity (MDD) among Bangladeshi children aged 6–23 months as well as to determine the factors that potentially contribute to the inequity. The Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS) 2017–2018 data were used in this study. A sample of 2405 (weighted) chi...

Background Existing evidence suggests that the indigenous older population who live with their families and friends might experience lesser depressive symptoms due to better emotional support and well-being. The present study aimed to investigate the differentials in the prevalence of the major depressive disorder among tribal and non-tribal older...

Objective: This study aims to estimate the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine usage and determine the factors for awareness about HPV vaccine among women in reproductive age group. Methods: This is a cross-sectional survey under a cervical cancer prevention study. The sample size was 1020 women, aged 15-49 years [550 in Delhi and 4...

Background Due to the vast socioeconomic diversity among its residents, studying health inequality in India is of particular interest. This study aimed to investigate the wealth-based inequalities in physical frailty and to quantify the contributions of potential predictors of frailty to this inequality. Methods Data were drawn from the first wave...

Aging not only affect biomarker-related processes, but it also affects the physiological processes of the human body. Of all the physiological processes, hearing and vision are of utmost importance to a human. Therefore, this study examines the prevalence and factors associated with hearing and vision difficulty and their sequential treatment among...

Background Being a multi-cultured country, India has varied social groups which largely shape the lives of individuals. Literature has shown that life satisfaction is highly associated with the social status of individuals. However, changing age dynamics (growing older) and definition of life among people presses the need to understand whether the...

Abstract Obesity is a chief lifestyle disease globally and causes a significant increase in morbidities. Overweight/ obesity prevalence has been rising faster in India compared to the world average. Therefore, the study examined the association between overweight/ obesity and successful ageing among older population in India. We also explored the g...

Gender and socioeconomic differences in subjective life expectancy (SLE) are an unexplored arena in the geriatric literature concerning low-resource settings. Information on several health outcomes that might influence the SLE could guide targeted interventions, particularly in countries with rapidly ageing populations like India. This study aimed...

Indian population is ageing at a higher pace coupled with the increase in life expectancy, and the prevalence of cognitive impairment, dementia, and comorbidities increase dramatically with age. Such cognitive and physical changes are intimately linked with declines in everyday functioning that include loss of decision-making skills. The present st...

Background Subjective well-being (SWB) is of particular interest among gerontologists and health researchers with important implications for interventions especially in poor-resource settings. This study aimed to explore the possible pathways from socioeconomic status (SES), functional independence and social capital towards SWB among older adults...

Adolescence is period characterized by sexual development, increasing romantic relationships, and the initiation of sexual activity. To enhance the exploration of their sexuality, adolescents may look into sexual resources such as pornography. There has been little research in India to understand how much adolescents are exposed to Internet pornogr...

Introduction Food adequacy and dietary quality in the lactation period are fundamental for maternal and child health. Lactating mothers are vulnerable to malnutrition because of increased physiological demand, monotonous diet, lactogenesis process, and increased nutrient requirements. The micronutrient adequacy especially among women is not ensured...

It has been found that people with disabilities remain at the margin as far as the different aspects of their lives are concerned. This paper tests the hypothesis that disability leads to lower quality of life among older adults in low and middle-income countries. The data from the Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health (SAGE) was used in this stu...

According to census 2011, India had nearly 104 millions of 60 years and above population. The share is projected to increase from 8 per cent in 2015 to 29 per cent in 2050, which is a matter of concern as rapid population ageing is accompanied by serious social and economic implications which are often linked with different health outcomes in gener...

Background Although there has been a range of studies that focused on physical frailty and associated fall outcomes within developed countries, similar studies from developing countries have been limited. This study aimed to examine the relationship between physical frailty and the prevalence of falls, multiple falls and fall-related injuries among...

Background Anemia is a significant public health challenge that affects the population of all nations. Anemia among adolescents emerged as an alarming public health issue as it harms an individual’s physical capacity and cognitive and work performance. The study aims to determine the effect of changes in individual and household level factors on th...

Whilst there is growing evidence on the increased vulnerability of older adults to depression, there is limited research on potentially mitigative factors against symptoms of depression at a population level. This research examined associations of possible protective factors (personal efforts and beliefs) and depressive symptoms among older adults...

Objective This study explored how various markers of objective and subjective socioeconomic status (SES) are associated with cognitive impairment among older Indian adults. Design A cross-sectional study was conducted using large nationally representative survey data. Setting and participant This study used data from the Longitudinal Ageing Study...

Background: The present study aims to estimate the prevalence and determine the factors for cervical cancer screening among women in the reproductive age group in Delhi and Rohtak, India. Methods: The data were utilized from a survey conducted as part of a larger study to increase the access to cervical cancer screening and care by MAMTA-Health...

Hypertension is a public health issue touted as a “silent killer” worldwide. The present study aimed to explore the sex differential in the association of anthropometric measures including body mass index, waist circumference, and waist-hip ratio with hypertension among older adults in India. The study used data from the Longitudinal Aging Study in...

Large population-based studies on the associations of childhood factors with late-life cognition are lacking in many low and middle income countries including India. In this study, we assessed the prevalence of late-life cognitive impairment and examined the associations of childhood socioeconomic status (SES) and health conditions with cognitive i...

Background Food security can be directly linked to nutritional status and either directly or indirectly, it has an impact on health status and well-being of the population. Physical frailty is one of the most important phenotypes used to understand the vulnerable nature of older adults. This paper examines the association between food security and...

Background Over the years, an increasing trend of unnecessary caesarean section (c-section) deliveries has raised concerns in Bangladesh. So far, many studies have reported the risk factors of c-section delivery in Bangladesh. However, most of these studies did not estimate the predictors of the two c-section procedures (i.e., emergency and electiv...

Objectives: We aim to examine the phenomenon of infant and child death clustering while considering the unobserved heterogeneity (frailty) at the family level. Design, setting, and participants: We analysed Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey 2017-2018 data, including the birth history information for 47 828 children born to 18 134 women. W...

Objectives To find out the association between socioeconomic and health status and depression among older adults and explore the contributing factors in the socioeconomic and health-related inequalities in late-life depression. Design A cross-sectional study was conducted using large representative survey data. Setting and participants Data for t...

Amidst a rapidly aging population, living alone is considered as a living arrangement with various disadvantages. The study aimed to assess the association between older adults living in one-person-households (OPH) and their socio-economic status along with associated inequalities. The data for the present study was utilized from National Family He...

Background India suffers from a high burden of diarrhoea and other water-borne diseases due to unsafe water, inadequate sanitation and poor hygiene practices among human population. With age the immune system becomes complex and antibody alone does not determine susceptibility to diseases which increases the chances of waterborne disease among elde...

Abstract In adolescents, anaemia has been linked to affecting physical disorders, growth, and mental retardation and also increases reproductive morbidities among adolescent girls during their womanhood. It is believed that with increasing age, females are more prone to anaemia than their male counterparts. Unfortunately, the anaemia intervention p...

Abstract Background The rapidly aging population is a major concern for countries, especially where cognitive health in older age is poor. The study examined the socioeconomic and health-related factors associated with cognitive impairment among older adults and the contribution of those factors to the concentration of low cognitive functioning amo...

Objective This study aimed to investigate the predictors of vision impairment in old age and how impaired vision is associated with cognitive impairment among the ageing population. Design A cross-sectional study was conducted using a large country-representative survey data. Setting and participants This study used data from the ‘Building a Know...

Objectives This study investigates the gender disparities in difficulty in activities of daily living (ADL) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) and explores its contributing factors among older adults in India. Design A cross-sectional study was conducted using country representative survey data. Setting and participants The presen...

The modernization and shift towards urbanized lifestyles have triggered several diseases, and the context of aging varies in urban and rural settings in India. The study aimed to investigate the urban–rural differences in successful ageing among older adults in India and the contributing factors in those differences. The study utilizes data from na...

Background Based on an increased prevalence of diabetes, asthma and hypertension among women in reproductive age, understanding the risk factors of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) is crucial to inform policy and program interventions to address the problem. In this study, we empirically assessed the associations of behavioural factors such as alco...

Introduction Due to rapid urbanization, Covid-19 pandemic and increasing food prices, a higher rate of food insecurity has been observed in recent years in India. Thus, we aim to study the prevalence of food insecurity among older Indian adults and the association of food insecurity as a modifiable risk factor with late-life cognitive impairment....

Objective The present study aimed to examine the associations of several indicators of food insecurity with depression among older adults in India. Design A cross-sectional study was conducted using country-representative survey data. Setting and participants The present study uses data of the Longitudinal Aging Study in India conducted during 20...

Introduction Understanding the role of mass media in shaping the perception of individual health behavior in India, alcohol promoting advertisement bans were imposed on all mass media platforms. However, minimal research explored how the mass media had influenced the alcohol behavior of Indian individual’s overtime after imposing a an. The present...

Background Falls and related injuries in older ages have become a major public health problem. This study aims to identify the prevalence of self-reported fall-related injury and to describe risk factors associated with fall-related injury among older adults in India. Method The study used data from the "Building Knowledge Base on Population Agein...

Introduction Diarrhoeal diseases are common among children and older adults. Yet, majority of the scientific studies deal with children, neglecting the other vulnerable and growing proportion of the population–the older adults. Therefore, the present study aims to find rural-urban differentials in the prevalence of diarrhoea among older adults in I...

Background Multimorbidity is defined as the co-occurrence of two or more than two diseases in the same person. With rising longevity, multimorbidity has become a prominent concern among the older population. Evidence from both developed and developing countries shows that older people are at much higher risk of multimorbidity; however, urban-rural...

Introduction: The Indian population is rapidly aging with huge proportion of illiterate and socioeconomically disadvantaged people and there is a dearth of research on the relationships between factors of socioeconomic vulnerability and frailty in older people. The present study examined the cross-sectional associations between socioeconomic vulne...

Changing family structure from joint to nuclear posits a challenge among older people. Increasing prevalence of nuclear family promotes household headship among older adults but leaves them vulnerable as they have to live alone at older ages. Therefore, the study aims to estimate the trends and determine the factors associated with household headsh...

Despite the adverse impact of old age on their health, the vulnerable older adults tend to live with their adult children in a shared living arrangement. Since fewer children being available to care for and the traditional family-based care is becoming less common, the present study investigates what are the factors that lead to rotational living a...

Background Co-existence of multiple chronic diseases is increasingly becoming a norm among ageing population. The study aims to investigate the prevalence of multimorbidity and the association between anthropometric measures of obesity and multimorbidity among men and women aged 60 years and above in India. Methods The present study is based on th...

Background: Early-stage cervical cancer diagnoses may be the consequence of timely medical care in the presence of symptoms which can be linked to awareness of the symptoms and risk factors. This study aims to determine the knowledge about risk factors and symptoms of cervical cancer and associated factors among women aged 20-49 years. Methods:...