Shivraj Hariram Nile

National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute · Department of Food and Nutrition

The study aimed to purify trypsin from the pyloric caeca of Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer), and investigate its proteolytic capability toward acid-soluble collagen (ASC) in comparison with commercial porcine trypsin (CPT). Trypsin was purified from pyloric caeca, a leftover from the evisceration process, via ammonium sulphate (40–60% saturation)...

The Chinese raspberry (Rubus chingii Hu) fruit is well-recognized for its special pharmacological qualities. We examined the polyphenolic constituents in twelve Chinese raspberries (B1–B12), out of which B1 raspberry showed high content of phenolics, flavonoids and anthocyanins in total, compared to other raspberry samples we collected. Further, B1...

Agro seeds are vulnerable to environmental stressors, adversely affecting seed vigor, crop growth, and crop productivity. Different agrochemical-based seed treatments enhance seed germination, but they can also cause damage to the environment; therefore, sustainable technologies such as nano-based agrochemicals are urgently needed. Nanoagrochemical...

In the present study, biogenic selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) have been prepared using Paenibacillus terreus and functionalized with nystatin (SeNP@PVP_Nystatin nanoconjugates) for inhibiting growth, morphogenesis, and a biofilm in Candida albicans. Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy analysis has shown a characteristic absorption at 289, 303, and 318...

Fibrinolytic enzymes are considered as a significant therapeutic agent for thrombosis. Keeping the quest for identification of effective fibrinolytic enzyme(s) from microbial source, a comparative study was done on six Bacillus spp. isolated from fruit and vegetable waste. The fibrinolytic activities of the isolates were confirmed by a fibrin plate...

The chapter discusses the methods effective for the extraction of useful energy from the macroalgae biomass including liquefaction, anaerobic digestion, fermentation to biobutanol, trans-esterification to biodiesel, pyrolysis, direct combustion, fermentation to bioethanol, and gasification. However, if the algae are suited for the production of bio...

Ethnopharmacological relevance: Pien-Tze-Huang (PZH)—a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) compound—has been employed to treat various liver inflammation and tumors for over 10 decades. Interestingly, most of the pharmacological effects had been validated and explored toward liver ailment along with pro-inflammatory conditions and cancer at the cell...

In this study, we report the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using the aqueous leaf extract of Tridax procumbens (TNP), which acts as the source of the reducing and capping agent. The distinctive absorption at 370 nm suggested synthesis of TNPs, which was confirmed by TEM, with a size in the range of 11.1 nm to 45.4 nm and a spheric...

Nano-priming is an innovative seed priming technology that helps to improve seed germination, seed growth, and yield by providing resistance to various stresses in plants. Nano-priming is a considerably more effective method compared to all other seed priming methods. The salient features of nanoparticles (NPs) in seed priming are to develop electr...

Nanotechnology is a fast-emerging sector that involves a dramatic increase in the synthesis of novel materials for various applications. Nanoparticles (NPs) have various uses for medical, pharmaceutical, and agricultural applications. Nanoparticles have a series of major impacts, particularly in agriculture, biotechnology, and ecological remediatio...

Ashwagandha (W. somnifera L) is a popular ethnomedicinal herb endowed with potential pharmacotherapeutic properties. In this study the ethanol extract (EE) and water extract (WE) of ashwagandha roots were qualitatively analysed using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), the results showed EE containing withanoside IV (a), physagulin D (b)...

Tea manufactured from the cultivated shoots of Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze is the most commonly consumed nonalcoholic drink around the world. Tea is an agro-based, environmentally sustainable, labor-intensive, job-generating, and export-oriented industry in many countries. Tea includes phenolic compounds, flavonoids, alkaloids, vitamins, enzym...

Cervical cancer is a life-threatening disease and the fourth most common cancer among women worldwide. Apple pomace is a multifunctional phenolic compound possessing effective biological activity against cervical cancer cells. This study aimed to investigate the anticancer effects of quercetin-3-glucoside (Q3G) extracted from apple pomace in HeLa c...

Metabolic variations, antioxidant potential and cytotoxic effects were investigated in the different plant parts like the leaf, stem, flower, pod, and root of C. majus L. using spectroscopic and chromatographic methods. Total phenolics and flavonoids were studied in the different parts of C. majus L., leaf showed higher flavonoid content (137.43 mg...

Onions are a significant source of organosulfur compounds with promising biological effects. However, the effects of different cooking methods on organosulfur composition and biological properties in onions remain unclear. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the composition of organosulfur compounds and the antiplatelet effect o...

Plant extracts and their bioactive compounds are considered as the promising options for green synthesis of nanoparticles instead expensive and hazardous materials. Here, Solanum xanthocarpum fruit was used for synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNP). The synthesized AgNPs were characterized by using chromatographic and spectroscopic analytical me...

Red onion skin waste (ROSW) was analyzed for extraction of naturally occurring 4'-O-glucoside of quercetin, spiraeoside (SPI) with promising biological activities. Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography was used to determine the SPI content in three different solvent extracts of ROSW: water (12.2 mg/g), methanol (27.6 mg/g), and etha...

Recombinant human interferon-β (rhIFN-β) is therapeutically important and new commercially viable approaches are needed for its increased production. In this study, a codon-optimized gene encoding for rhIFN-β(C17S) protein was designed and expressed in E. coli SE1. As a first step of medium optimization, growth of E. coli as a function of different...

Fritillaria thunbergii Miq. (Zhe beimu) ranked as oldest known homeopathic traditional folk medicine in China. The bulbs are medicinally important curing cough, inflammation, gastric ulcers, hypertension, diarrhea, and bronchitis. The aim of this review is to enlighten the deeper knowledge about F. thunbergii giving a comprehensive overview on its...

Medicinal plants produce valuable secondary metabolites with anticancer, analgesic, anticholinergic or other activities, but low metabolite levels and limited available tissue restrict metabolite yields. Transformed root cultures, also called hairy roots, provide a feasible approach for producing valuable secondary metabolites. Various strategies h...

The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causing potentially fatal coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19), with a significant health and economic burden around the globe. Currently many clinical studies are undergoing but still there is no any specific approved therapy or drug established for effective treatment of COVID-19...

Soybean waste (okara) may be used for sustainable processing of bioactive compounds and development of functional foods. Okara was analyzed for isoflavones, antioxidant, cytotoxic and enzyme inhibitory activities. High performance liquid chromatography analysis showed the presence of daidzein (6.20), daidzin (5.85), genistein (3.65), genistin (2.15...

Present study describe the modeling in order to improve the mycophenolic acid (MPA) titer from Penicillium brevicompactum using central composite design and a comparatively newer, data-centric approach method k-nearest neighbor’s algorithm. Comparison of the two models for enhancing MPA production using Penicillium brevicompactum was done with resp...

Coronaviruses (CoVs) are a large family of viruses responsible for the severe ill effects on human health. The most severe outbreak includes Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV), Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS-CoV) and Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The COV...

Goal of present research based on optimization of tacrolimus production by One-factor-at-a-time method and response surface methodology (RSM) using Streptomyces tsukubaensis NBRC 108819. Plackett–Burman Design was adopted for the selection of main nutrients inducing the production of tacrolimus. Out of 19 factors studied by Plackett–Burman Design,...

Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) by-products considered as a cheap source of bioactive polyphenolics endowed with potential antioxidant effects. The saffron biowaste utilized for extraction of flavonoid glycosides and their potential biological properties. The total amount of polyphenolics and polysaccharides were found to be higher in tepal than in sta...

Quercetin, a potential polyphenolic which possesses several biological effects. The influenza virus polymerase basic 2 (PB2) subunit of RNA polymerase responsible for replication, degree of virus conservation and active target site for designing specific antivirals. The quercetin derivatives downloaded from PubChem were screened using PyRX software...

Flavonol glucosides was extracted from red onion solid waste (ROSW) and multi-functional properties were determined to develop alternative strategy for therapeutic beneficiation and utilisation as functional food. The major flavonol glucosides extracted from ROSW were confirmed as quercetin-3, 4′-O-diglucoside (QDG), quercetin-3-O-glucoside (isoque...

The outbreak of the novel SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) responsible for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has developed into a major health hazard across the globe. The rapid escalation of the COVID-19 and the considerable associated illness leading to death has transformed it into a critical global public health is...

Agriculture production was effectively decreased by abiotic and biotic stresses, which affect the plant growth by ion toxicity, hormonal and nutritional imbalance, and physiological and metabolic changes. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are the root-colonizing non-pathogenic bacterium, which helps in plant growth promotion and alleviati...

Nanotechnology is a key advanced technology enabling contribution, development, and sustainable impact on food, medicine, and agriculture sectors. Nanomaterials have potential to lead qualitative and quantitative production of healthier, safer, and high-quality functional foods which are perishable or semi-perishable in nature. Nanotechnologies are...

Abstract Nanotechnology is a key advanced technology enabling contribution, development, and sustainable impact on food, medicine, and agriculture sectors. Nanomaterials have potential to lead qualitative and quantitative production of healthier, safer, and high-quality functional foods which are perishable or semi-perishable in nature. Nanotechnol...

Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge is an herb rich in bioactive tanshinone and salvianolic acid compounds. It is primarily used as an effective medicine for treating cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Liposoluble tanshinones and water-soluble phenolic acids are a series of terpenoids and phenolic compounds, respectively. However, the regulation me...

Mycophenolic acid (MPA) having promising anticancer properties, however, it has limited clinical applications in vivo due to hydrophobic nature, high first-pass metabolism, lack of targeting, etc. These associated problems could be addressed by developing a suitable delivery vehicle, inhibiting the first-pass metabolism and additive/synergistic pha...

Investigation of antiviral and cytotoxic effect of quercetin 3-glucoside (Q3G) from Dianthus superbus L over influenza virus infection and replication were studied. Moreover, anti-influenza mechanism was screened by time-dependent antiviral assay, virus-induced symptoms and related gene expressions. The blockade of cap-binding domain of polymerase...

The plant Ophiorrhiza pumila produces camptothecin (CPT), a kind of terpene indole alkaloid (TIAs) that has been widely used in treatment of cancer. Tryptophan-arginine-lysine-tyrosine (WRKY) transcription factors have been reported to play important roles in plant metabolism and development. In this study, a novel WRKY transcription factor named O...

Background Immune system plays a decisive role for defending various pathogenic microorganisms. Astragalus membranaceus (AM) and Panax ginseng (PG) are two tonic herbs used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) as immune booster and help to control diseases with their healthy synergistic effect on immune system. Purpose This study was aimed to inv...

The farmers and agrochemical industries lack science-based knowledge about sustainable utilization of pesticides and insecticides. The investigation on rising use of chemical pesticides and insecticides has remarkable issue related to environment pollution, soil fertility, and human health; as such, nowadays, many people prefer natural alternatives...

Subcritical water extraction (SWE) applied to analyses the bioactives from ashwagandha (W. somnifera) at varying temperature (100-200 °C) and extraction time (10-30 min). The effect of temperature and time has been investigated in terms of extraction yield (EY), total phenolic content (TPC), cytotoxicity, antioxidant, and enzyme inhibitory activiti...

Bioactive chemical constitutes from the root of Salvia miltiorrhiza classified in two major groups, viz., liposoluble tanshinones and water-soluble phenolics. Tanshinone IIA is a major lipid-soluble compound having promising health benefits. The in vivo and in vitro studies showed that the tanshinone IIA and salvianolate have a wide range of cardio...

Apple pomace (AP) utilised for analysis of triterpenic acids (TTAs) using HPLC-MS/MS. The methanol, ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts showed high phenolic content with significant antioxidant activity compared to chloroform and n-hexane. AP TTAs; ursolic acid, betulinic acid and maslinic acid showed potent antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory effects...

Dianthus superbus (DS) is a traditional medicinal herb well known for its medicinal and therapeutic potential and widely distributed in various Asian countries. The ethyl acetate (EA), butanol (Bu) and distilled water (DW) extracts of DS assessed for extraction of bioactive compounds and their biological activities. The chemical analysis was done u...

Pulses are a very important part of a human diet providing all nutritional and physiological beneficial effects on human health. Pulses are rich in protein, carbohydrates, and dietary fibre, and a rich source of other bioactive components, and their consumption extends worldwide. Pulses are dried legumes that consist of various varieties of beans,...

Eucalyptus globulus L. is used in folk medicine throughout the world and its essential oils are widely used in modern pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetic industries. In this study, E. globulus leaves were extracted using three solvents (methanol, chloroform and hexane). The polyphenolics were quantified with HPLC and the volatiles analyzed by GC/MS...

Meju, a cooked and fermented soy bean based food product, is used as a major ingredient in Korean traditional fermented foods such as Doenjang. We developed a novel type of Meju using single and combined extracts of Allium sativum (garlic clove), Nelumbo nucifera (lotus leaves), and Ginkgo biloba (ginkgo leaves) at 1% and 10% concentrations to impr...

In this study, we reported the potential of various methanol fractions of onion (MFO) and its components quercetin and quercetin glucosides on platelet aggregation and antioxidant activity. The onion extracts were separated into several fractions using methanol and water. Further, these extracts were analyzed using simple high-performance liquid ch...

Nematodes are considered as major plant parasites damaging most of the crops, and neem plant exhibits potential nematicidal and insecticidal properties. This study aimed to check nemato-toxic potential of neem (Azadirachta indica) plant using in vitro and in-planta trials against Meloidogyne incognita. The findings suggested that the neem extracts...

Onion (Allium cepa L.) is rich with flavonols which perceived benefits to human health. Flavonols like quercetin and quercetin glycosides from onion solid waste (OSW) have been extracted and tested against enzymes of clinical importance in Alzheimer's disease and diabetes and be shown to have cytotoxic and antioxidant effects. A simple high-perform...

Xanthine oxidase (XO) found in all mammals and excess activity leads to urolithiasis. The cow milk XO was purified to 305-fold with a specific activity of 8.76 EU/mg and overall yield of 87% by using DEAE-Sepharose chromatography. The phenolics showed potent XO inhibitory effect with Ki, P1 (0.412), P2 (0.632), P3 (0.585), P4 (0.886), P5 (1.633), P...

In this study, biological control of root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) by aqueous leaf extracts of black pepper was investigated. Results revealed that the leaf extracts inhibited nematode survival and other life parameters in a dose-dependent manner. Black pepper leaf extract was able to penetrate the nematode egg mass matrix and signific...

The synthesized flavonoid derivatives were examined for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, xanthine oxidase (XO), urease inhibitory activity, and cytotoxicity. Except few, all the flavonoids under this study showed significant antioxidant activity (45.6%–85.5%, 32.6%–70.6%, and 24.9%–65.5% inhibition by DPPH, ferric reducing/antioxidant power, a...

The citrus fruits, commonly found in many regions of the world with a considerable number of species, have numerous beneficial effects, particularly for human health. The citrus organic acids and sugars play pivotal role in flavour and consumer acceptance of citrus fruit beverages. Here, some nutritive parameters related to the fruit Citrus reticul...

The phenolic content, antioxidant, antitumor, and enzyme inhibitory activities of commonly used medicinal herbs from a Unani system of medicine were investigated using four different extraction methods. Among the plants studied, the Hyssopus officinalis L, Origanum vulgare L, and Portulaca oleracea L. extracts showed the highest amount of total phe...

This study aimed to determine the flavonol glycosides from onion solid waste (OSW) using HPLC analysis, with antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activities. We found considerable amount of quercetin-4’-O-monoglucoside (QMG: 254.85), quercetin-3,4’-O-diglucoside (QDG: 162.34), quercetin (Q: 60.44), and isorhamnetin-3-glucoside (IMG: 23.92) (mg/100 g)...

Rice bran is concentrated with many bioactive chemicals including phenolics, oryzanol and vitamin E, that exert beneficial effects on human health, but it varies with polished and unpolished condition of rice bran. Thus this study was aimed to analyze the phenolic compounds and biological activities of four polished and un-polished rice varieties G...

The present study aims to investigate the numerous factors influencing Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated genetic transformation of Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis). Factors affecting transformation efficiency, such as age of explants, Agrobacterium concentration, and effect of acetosyringone, pre-cultivation, infection and co-cultiv...

Onion (Allium cepa L.) is one of the most commonly cultivated crops across the globe, and its production is increasing every year due to increasing consumer demand. Simultaneously, huge amounts of waste are produced from different parts of the onion, which ultimately affect the environment in various ways. Hence, proper usage as well as disposal of...

Arginase (L-arginine amidinohydrolase, EC.3.5.3.1) from animal tissues such as, liver and kidney has been partially characterized by many researchers. In this study, we purified arginase to homogeneity from buffalo liver with about ~2857 purification fold and a 20% recovery by chromatographic and spectroscopic analysis were obtained. The molecular...

Background: Long-term consequences of insufficient amounts of essential micronutrients can be more devastating than low energy intake in human diets. As food scientists, its great challenge and important to maintain the feed for world's increasing population considering the macro and micronutrient content of food. However, it is very important to p...

The ferulic and gallic acid related compounds from natural origin were studied against xanthine oxidase and cyclooxygenase-2 along with their anti-inflammatory activity. The compounds gallic acid, ferulic acid, caffeic acid and p-coumaric acid revealed promising anti-inflammatory activity (30–40% TNF-α and 60–75% IL-6 inhibitory activity at 10μM)....

Cudrania tricuspidata is a plant used in folk medicine in Korea for treatment of diseases related to oxidative stress and inflammation. In this study the leaf and shoot extract was studied for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitory activities. The extract with predominant phenolics was quantified using HPLC-DAD. An...

A total of 600 samples of milk from different species [buffalo (150), cow (150), goat (150), and sheep (150)] were analyzed for aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) contamination using high-performance liquid chromatography and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods. AFM1 contamination was found in buffalo (38.6%), cow (45.3%), goat (33.3%), and sheep (3...

Grape juice and grape skin extracts are important commercial source of polyphenolic compounds which exert different functional properties such as color potential, antimicrobial, antioxidant activity, and health benefits. In this paper we describe a sensitive and specific assay for determination of bioactive polyphenolic compounds in Campbell Early...

A simple, efficient and eco-friendly one pot synthesis method has been developed for ultrasound induced synthesis of biologically significant 2-aryl-1-arylmethyl-1H-benzimidazoles in EtOH/H2O solvent mixture using Amberlite IR-120. The catalyst is recyclable without loss of activity.The method provides several advantages such as green solvent, simp...

Makgeolli is a traditional alcoholic beverage prepared from rice, barley, wheat or malt grains by fermentation using a natural starter called nuruk. The makgeolli flavour depends mainly on the content of the metabolic products (free sugars, amino acids, organic acids and aromatic compounds) produced during the fermentation of rice by moulds and yea...

Fruits and vegetables are generally considered as important contributors to a healthy diet and their intake is extremely helpful to reduce the risk of specific diseases like cancers, cardiovascular diseases, neural tube defects, and cataracts. Bioactive constituents from fruits and vegetables, such as carotenoids, folic acid and dietary fiber appea...

Onion is one of the most cultivated crops and its production is increasing worldwide. Proper handling and storage will add huge benefits to the supply of onion to meet the demand of consumers. For storage, it is important to understand onion physiology from the day it has been harvested from the field until it reaches the market. This review summar...