Shinichi Shiraishi

• Doctor of Engineering
• Engineer at Toyota Research Institute Advanced Development

italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Editor’s notes: Today, automotive hardware architectures have become extremely complex and heterogeneous. To tackle this complexity and enable seamless plug-and-play, this article proposes hardware virtualization using an OS hypervisor. — Samarjit Chak...

In this paper, we propose a game theoretical adversarial intervention detection mechanism for reliable smart road signs. A future trend in intelligent transportation systems is "smart road signs" that incorporate smart codes (e.g., visible at infrared) on their surface to provide more detailed information to smart vehicles. Such smart codes make ro...

As vehicles playing an increasingly important role in people’s daily life, requirements on safer and more comfortable driving experience have arisen. Connected vehicles (CVs) can provide enabling technologies to realize these requirements and have attracted widespread attentions from both academia and industry. These requirements ask for a well-des...

As vehicles playing an increasingly important role in people's daily life, requirements on safer and more comfortable driving experience have arisen. Connected vehicles (CVs) can provide enabling technologies to realize these requirements and have attracted widespread attentions from both academia and industry. These requirements ask for a well-des...

Emerging applications in connected vehicles have tremendous potential for advances in safety, navigation, traffic management and fuel efficiency, while also posing new security challenges such as false information attacks. This paper targets the problem of securing critical information that is disseminated among nearby vehicles for safety and traff...

The rapid development of vehicular network and autonomous driving technologies provides opportunities to significantly improve transportation safety and efficiency. One promising application is centralized intelligent intersection management, where an intersection manager accepts requests from approaching vehicles (via vehicle-to-infrastructure com...

The trend of connected/autonomous features adds significant complexity to the traditional automotive systems to improve driving safety and comfort. Engineers are facing significant challenges in designing test environments that are more complex than ever. We propose a test framework that allows one to automatically generate various virtual road env...

We propose a new information-driven intersection control to enhance the quality of transportation by using communication between vehicles and roadside units. The state-of-the-art solutions for intersection control only have access to the sensor data that is collected by vehicles or roadside units. However, congestion at intersections can have diffe...

We introduce a game theoretical error-correction framework to design classification algorithms that are reliable even in adversarial environments, with a specific focus on traffic-sign classification. Machine learning algorithms possess inherent vulnerabilities against maliciously crafted inputs especially at high dimensional input spaces. We seek...

The feature interaction problem occurs when two or more features interact and possibly conflict with each other in unexpected ways, resulting in undesirable system behaviors. Common approaches to resolving feature interactions are based on priorities, which are ineffective in scenarios where the set of features may evolve past the design phase, and...

Connected vehicle applications such as autonomous intersections and intelligent traffic signals have shown great promises in improving transportation safety and efficiency. However, security is a major concern in these systems, as vehicles and surrounding infrastructures communicate through ad-hoc networks. In this paper, we will first review secur...

Driving is a social activity which involves endless interactions with other agents on the road. Failing to locate these agents and predict their possible future actions may result in serious safety hazards. Traditionally, the responsibility for avoiding these safety hazards is solely on the drivers. With improved sensor quantity and quality, modern...

Over-the-air updates have been used for years in the software industry, allowing bug fixes and enhancements to desktop, laptop, and mobile operating systems and applications. Automotive vehicles now depend on software to the extent that manufacturers are turning to over-the-air updates for critical vehicle functionality. History shows that our soft...

The paradigm of connected vehicles is fast gaining lot of attraction in the automotive industry. Recently, a lot of technological innovation has been pushed through to realize this paradigm using vehicle to cloud (V2C), infrastructure (V2I) and vehicle (V2V) communications. This has also opened the doors for efficient delivery of data/service to th...

We propose a reliable intersection control mechanism for strategic autonomous and connected vehicles (agents) in non-cooperative environments. Each agent has access to his/her earliest possible and desired passing times, and reports a passing time to the intersection manager, who allocates the intersection temporally to the agents in a First-Come-F...

Advanced driver-assistance systems (ADAS), autonomous driving, and connectivity have enabled a range of new features, but also made automotive design more complex than ever. Formal verification can be applied to establish functional correctness, but its scalability is limited due to the sheer complexity of a modern automotive system. To manage high...

We study collaborative adaptive cruise control as a representative application for safety services provided by autonomous cars. We provide a detailed analysis of attacks that can be conducted by a motivated attacker targeting the collaborative adaptive cruise control algorithm, by influencing the acceleration reported by another car, or the local L...

Distributed controllers are often necessary for a multi-agent system to satisfy safety properties such as collision avoidance. Communication and coordination are key requirements in the implementation of a distributed control protocol, but maintaining an all-to-all communication topology is unreasonable and not always necessary. Given a safety obje...

Distributed controllers are often necessary for a multi-agent system to satisfy safety properties such as collision avoidance. Communication and coordination are key requirements in the implementation of a distributed control protocol, but maintaining an all-to-all communication topology is unreasonable and not always necessary. Given a safety obje...

This paper proposes a novel communication-enabled distributed conflict resolution mechanism in order for a group of connected autonomous vehicles (CAVs) to navigate safely and efficiently in intersections without any traffic manager. The conflict resolution strategy for individual vehicle is decoupled temporally. In a decision maker, the vehicle co...

We propose a reliable intersection control mechanism for strategic autonomous and connected vehicles (agents) in non-cooperative environments. Each agent has access to his/her earliest possible and desired passing times, and reports a passing time to the intersection manager, who allocates the intersection temporally to the agents in a First-Come-F...

Reliability and safety are important properties in the development of complex cyber-physical systems such as autonomous vehicles. Achieving a reliable autonomous vehicle is a challenging problem, as the unpredictability of the envi- ronment demands a reliable design methodology. Additionally, current testing procedures for ADAS features on vehicles...

A desirable feature of a development tool for SoC design is that, given the important applications in the domain to be targeted by the SoC, a powerful hardware-software partitioning engine is available to determine which function(s) shall be mapped to hardware. However, to provide high-quality partitioning, this engine must be able to consider a ri...

Some industrial systems are difficult to formally verify due to their large scale. In particular, the widespread use of lookup tables in embedded systems across diverse industries, such as aeronautics and automotive systems, create a critical obstacle to the scalability of formal verification. This paper presents Osiris, a tool that automatically c...

Modern safety-critical systems are difficult to formally verify, largely due to their large scale. In particular, the widespread use of lookup tables in embedded systems across diverse industries, such as aeronautics and automotive systems, create a critical obstacle to the scalability of formal verification. This paper presents a novel approach fo...

Modern vehicle is equipped with autonomous features, such as pre-collision system or adaptive cruise control to help people perform driving in a safer and more convenient way. The software complexity of those autonomous features is growing to accommodate various needs from users, which makes it more difficult to test their correctness. Virtual prot...

Vehicle simulators are widely used to test the correctness of vehicle control algorithms. It is important to create a virtual road environment in a way that the vehicle algorithm can be tested under various circumstances that may happen in the real world. However, building such a road environment is typically time consuming and performed in a manua...

Optional software-based features are increasingly becoming an important cost driver in automotive systems. These include features pertaining to active safety, infotainment, etc. Currently, these optional features are integrated into the vehicles at the factory during assembly. This severely restricts the flexibility of the customer to select and us...

Complex systems, such as modern advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS), consist of many interacting components. The number of options promises considerable flexibility for configuring systems with many cost-performance-value tradeoffs; however the potential unique configurations are exponentially many prohibiting a build-test-fix approach. Inste...

Autonomous vehicles (AVs) have already driven millions of miles on public roads, but even the simplest scenarios have not been certified for safety. Current methodologies for the verification of AV's decision and control systems attempt to divorce the lower level, short-term trajectory planning and trajectory tracking functions from the behavioral...

This paper proposes test suites for the benchmarks of static analysis tools. In our test suites, a wide variety of common defects are intentionally implemented. In addition, we also propose several criteria for the evaluation of static analysis tools. By using them, we can compare the performance of static analysis tools in a quantitative manner. O...

This paper presents two different model-based approaches that use multiple architecture description languages (ADLs) for automotive system development. One approach is based on AADL (Archi-tecture Analysis & Design Language), and the other is based on collaborative modeling by SysML (Systems Modeling Language) and MARTE (Modeling and Analysis of Re...

Model-Based Engineering (MBE) is a promising approach to cope with the challenges of designing the next-generation automotive systems. The increasing complexity of automotive electronics, the platform, distributed real-time embedded software, and the need for continuous evolution from one generation to the next has necessitated highly productive de...

Software verification is a critical component of software development. Software verification techniques include different forms of testing, inspection, static analysis, and formal verification. Formal verification offers the advantage that it corresponds, at least informally, to testing all possible paths through the software. There are two primar...

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RV-Android is a new freely available open source runtime library for monitoring formal safety properties on Android. RV-Android uses the commercial RV-Monitor technology as its core monitoring library generation technology, allowing for the verification of safety properties during execution and operating entirely in userspace with no kernel or oper...

This paper presents a quantitative comparison of static analysis tools. First, we conduct a wide-ranging survey of static analysis tools and select several promising tools qualitatively. Second, we build test suites that contain a large variety of defects and evaluate the selected tools with them. Third, we derive several metrics for measuring tool...

We introduce the concept of constrained equivalence of models in model-based development and present a proof technology for establishing constrained equivalence for models documented in Math Works Simulink. We illustrate the approach using a simple model of an automobile anti-lock braking system.

ISO 26262 is a safety standard for electrical and/or electronic systems in automobiles and includes specific requirements for software. Compliance with the standard requires a safety case. In this paper we present an approach to structuring a software assurance case that complies with ISO 26262 and argues explicitly that the subject software meets...

An example system is executable by one or more processors to retrieve a development model and a production model; translate the development model and the production model into formal specifications; generate a set of theorems for checking constrained equivalence between the development model and the production model; combine formal specification of...

Current embedded systems are increasingly more complex and heterogeneous, but they are expected to be more safe, reliable and adaptive. In consideration of all these aspects, their design is always a great challenge. Developing these systems with conventional design ap-proaches and programming methods turns out to be difficult. In this paper, we ma...

This paper proposes a new quality assurance framework for third party applications (apps) of in-vehicle infotainment systems. The proposed framework verifies whether apps satisfy predefined properties by using multiple verification techniques: static code analysis and dynamic runtime observation. Both the verification techniques and properties are...

This paper proposes a new quality assurance framework for third party applications (apps) of in-vehicle infotainment systems. The proposed framework verifies whether apps satisfy predefined prop- erties by using multiple verification techniques: static code analysis and dynamic runtime observation. Both the verification techniques and properties ar...

This paper presents two different model-based approaches that use multiple architecture description languages (ADLs) for automotive system development. One approach is based on AADL (Architecture Analysis & Design Language), and the other is a collaborative approach using multiple languages: SysML (Systems Modeling Language) and MARTE (Modeling and...

In this paper, we propose a simulation-based verification technique for real-time distributed automotive systems. The proposed technique enables accurate simulation and it utilizes only limited information that can be collected in the design phases of development. In other words, the proposed technique enables the design verification of automotive...

This paper presents two different model-based approaches that use multiple architecture description languages (ADLs) for automotive system development. One approach is based on AADL (Archi- tecture Analysis & Design Language), and the other is based on collaborative modeling by SysML (Systems Modeling Language) and MARTE (Modeling and Analysis of R...

This paper discusses an emerging dependability assessment framework for CAN (Controller Area Network)-based in-vehicle applications. The dependability assessment of in-vehicle systems from their designed architecture is a challenging issue for automobile industry. However, since modern in-vehicle systems consist of massive components such as ECUs (...

While the complexity of automotive systems is increasing, nowadays, most of the newly developed functionalities are implemented by software. This implies that software plays an important role in the development of automotive systems. However, several inefficiency problems related to software remain unresolved. One problem is to find an effective wa...

This paper analyzes the steady-state properties of a CORDIC-based adaptive ARMA lattice filter. In our previous study, the convergence properties of the filter in the non-steady state were clarified; however, its behavior in the steady state was not discussed. Therefore, we develop a distinct analysis technique based on a Markov chain in order to i...

This paper proposes an information-providing system for mobile phone users. The proposed system only requires reduced bandwidth and then brings a low latency service. Therefore, the system is suitable for urgent usage such as an information service for emergency rescue.

This paper analyzes steady-state properties of a CORDIC-based adaptive ARMA lattice filter. In our earlier work, convergence properties of the filter in the non-steady state have been clarified; however, its behavior in the steady-state is not discussed. Therefore, we develop a distinct analysis technique based on a Markov chain in order to investi...

This paper presents a theoretical convergence analysis of a CORDIC-based adaptive ARMA lattice filter. In previous literatures, several investigation methods for adaptive lattice filters have been proposed; however, they are available only for AR-type filters. Therefore, we have developed a distinct technique that can reveal the convergence propert...

This paper presents an analysis technique for an adaptive ARMA lattice filter based on the CORDIC algorithm. The proposed technique brings a theoretical convergence analysis, which facilitates an efficient ASIC design of the ARMA lattice filter. Although the proposed technique is dedicated to filters using a special arithmetic unit (CORDIC processo...

This paper presents a convergence model for a CORDIC-based ARMA lattice filter. In previous works, several convergence analyses have been discussed; however, they are available only for AR-type filters. On the other hand, our convergence model reveals convergence properties of an adaptive ARMA lattice filter. The results of the analysis facilitate...

This paper presents a cost-effective CORDIC-based architecture for adaptive lattice filters. An implementation method for an ARMA lattice filter using the CORDIC algorithm has been proposed. The previously proposed method can provide a simple filter architecture; however, it has problems such as redundant structure and numerical inaccuracy. Therefo...

This paper presents a theoretical analysis of a CORDIC-based gradient adaptive lattice filter. First, we provide a convergence model and reveal convergence properties of filter coefficients. Second, we derive a steady-state model based on a Markov chain. By using the steady-state model, the relation between the step size parameter and the variance...

This paper presents a CORDIC-based architecture for adaptive lattice filters. The proposed filter architecture consists of simple components: a CORDIC processor and an adder, so that it can be implemented with a reduced amount of hardware. Moreover, the proposed architecture is useful for ASIC design because it has a regular, modular, and locally-c...

This paper presents a CORDIC (COordinate Rotation Digital Computer) implementation of a normalized ARMA lattice filter. Since the proposed method uses a simplified CORDIC algorithm it is possible to implement the CORDIC ARMA lattice filter with a reduced amount of hardware. In addition, we propose a method which transforms the CORDIC ARMA lattice f...

This paper presents a method to improve implementation accuracy of a recently proposed CORDIC ARMA lattice filter. Since the CORDIC ARMA lattice filter algorithm has a problem in its shift sequence, it cannot implement a lattice filter accurately. Therefore, in this paper we apply the shift sequence proposed by Walther without problem to the CORDIC...

This letter proposes a method to transform normalized ARMA lattice filters, which are originally realized for signal analysis, into signal synthesis lattice filters. Although the transformation method has been proposed for normalized ARMA lattice filters with the MA order which is greater than or equal to the AR order, it has not been done when the...