Shigeho Tanaka

Kagawa Nutrition University · Faculty of Nutrition

Accurate methods for the prediction of the total energy expenditure and physical activity level (PAL) in community-dwelling older adults have not been established. Therefore, we examined the validity of estimating the PAL using an activity monitor (Active style Pro HJA-350IT, [ASP]) and proposed correction formulae for such populations in Japan. Da...

Background: Misalignment of meals to the biological clock may cause adverse effects on glucose metabolism. However, the effects of repeated different eating schedules (early compared with late) on glucose concentration throughout the day are poorly understood. Objectives: We examined the effects of different eating schedules on the 24-h glucose...

Aims This study determined the relationship between intra-individual variability in day-to-day nutrition-related lifestyle behaviors (meal timing, eating window, food intake, movement behaviors, sleep conditions, and body weight) and glycemic outcomes under free-living conditions in adults without type 2 diabetes. Methods We analyzed 104 adults wi...

Physical inactivity is associated with comorbidities and mortality in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. Although non-exercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT) is important for evaluating the physical activity level (PAL) of patients with chronic diseases, it has not yet been assessed in COPD patients. This study included male pati...

Background: Relative age effect is defined as a phenomenon where children born early generally perform better than children born later in the same cohort. Physical activity is an important factor that might be influenced by the relative age effect. Socioeconomic factors (e.g., parent's income, education level) are also associated with the adolesce...

Background Many activity trackers have been developed, but steps can still be inconsistent from one monitor to another. Research question What are the differences and associations between the steps of 13 selected consumer-based and research-grade wearable devices during 1 standardized day in a metabolic chamber and 15-day free-living trials? Meth...

Background/Objective: The 2020 Tokyo Olympics and Paralympic was held in 2021, although postponed due to the spread of COVID-19. This event might have an impact on physical activity (PA) of children and adolescents, but the national data on PA during the pandemic were not available. Therefore, the goal of the 2022 Japan Report Card on Physical Acti...

Background Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with low muscle mass and function caused by malnutrition and physical inactivity. We aimed to investigate possible associations between serum biomarkers and clinical traits including computed tomography-derived muscle measurements and energy expenditure indices in COPD. Methods...

This study examined whether daily step counts under free‒living conditions differed among four types of pedometers as used by 5‒to‒6 year old children. In Study one, we compared the Kenz Lifecorder EX and Omron Active style Pro as accelerometer‒based pedometers (n=11). In Study two, we compared the Kenz Lifecorder EX (n=22) or the Omron Active styl...

Background: Relative age effect is defined as a phenomenon where children born early generally perform better than children born later in the same cohort. Physical activity is an important factor that mitigates the relative age effect. Socioeconomic factors (e.g., parent’s income, education level) are also associated with the adolescent’s physical...

Recent studies have reported that meal timing may play an important role in weight regulation, however it is unknown whether the timing of meals is related to the amount of weight loss. This study aimed to examine the relationship between indices of meal timing and weight loss during weight loss intervention in adults. A 12-week weight loss support...

BACKGROUND Some studies on weight loss promotion using smartphone applications (smartphone app) including mobile applications have shown a weight loss effect, but not an increase in physical activity, and they have not been rigorously examined for longer periods. OBJECTIVE To assess whether the use of a smartphone app will increase physical activi...

Background Some studies on weight loss promotion using smartphone apps have shown a weight loss effect but not an increase in physical activity. However, the long-term effects of smartphone apps on weight loss and increasing physical activity have not been rigorously examined to date. Objective The aim of this study was to assess whether the use of...

Objective: This study examined the relationship between neighborhood food and physical activity environment, and obesity among elementary and junior high school students in Japan. Methods: The participants were fifth- to ninth-grade children (n=7277), who were attending municipal schools in Japan. Percent overweight (POW) was calculated using their...

Objective Few studies have evaluated the total energy expenditure (TEE) of children with disabilities using the doubly labeled water (DLW) method; however, none have compared it by disability type. Furthermore, no large-scale studies have focused on the severity of motor disability (MD). We aimed to compare TEE in children with disabilities by disa...

The Dietary Reference Intakes 2020 divided the older population into those aged 65–74 y and those over 75 y old. However, physical activity level in each age group was not specified. This study examined age-related differences in physical activity level among healthy Japanese older people, and the effect of lifestyles on these differences. In total...

The use of the Internet-of-Things has improved glycemic control in individuals with diabetes in several small-scale studies with a short follow-up period. This large-scale randomized controlled trial investigates whether a smartphone-based self-management support system prevents the worsening of glycemic control in individuals with type 2 diabetes....

Background and objective: Weight loss and reduced fat-free mass are independent risk factors for mortality among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). These factors are important for determining diet therapy and examining the validity of assessment for energy intake (EI). We assessed the agreement of EI between a brief-type s...

Objectives This study aimed to compare the estimation error of physical activity level (PAL) estimated using a tri-axial accelerometer between an independent walking group and an assisted walking group with walking aids. Methods Subjects were 6 older adults who could walk independently and 10 older adults requiring walking assistance during gait....

Purpose: In 2006, the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare published "Exercise and Physical Activity Reference for Health Promotion 2006". This report showed reference values and ranges of the maximal oxygen uptake for health promotion. However, there are no epidemiological studies that have investigated the relationship between these values and...

Although weight loss suggests poor prognosis of COPD, only a few studies have examined total energy expenditure (TEE) or physical activity level (PAL) using the doubly labeled water (DLW) method. We evaluated TEE and PAL using the DLW method together with a triaxial accelerometer to elucidate the relationships between TEE, PAL and clinical paramete...

The aim of this study was to examine the validity of a Japanese version of the physical activity (PA) question of the Patient-Centered Assessment and Counseling for Exercise Plus Nutrition (PACE+), which is globally used to assess compliance with the WHO PA recommendation for youth. Analyses included 80 Japanese upper elementary students and 44 Jap...

Several recent studies reported that a lack of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in combination with a high degree of sedentary behavior (SB) is associated with health problems including overweight and obesity in children, as well as psychosocial stress. Therefore, it is important that methods are developed to objectively evaluate both...

Background There was no nation‐wide moderate‐ to vigorous‐intensity physical activity (MVPA) data among Japanese adolescents. This study assessed the compliance with the MVPA guideline in adolescents using a random sampling survey in Japan. The factors associated with meeting the guideline were also examined. Methods Participants were 1st to 3rd g...

Background Physical inactivity due to cachexia and muscle wasting is well recognized as a sign of poor prognosis in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, there have been no reports on the relationship between trunk muscle measurements and energy expenditure parameters, such as the total energy expenditure (TEE) and physical activit...

Objective: After the National Institute of Nutrition was founded at Tokyo in 1920, one of the main research areas has been energy metabolism. This review summarizes the history of studies on energy requirements and anthropometry conducted at the National Institute of Health and Nutrition. Methods: A literature review of the published papers from th...

The current study examined how body weight and lifestyle fluctuate between spring, autumn, and winter in Japanese female college students and whether weight gain is associated with changes in physical activity, food intake, and sleep. We measured body weight and lifestyle factors in 31 participants from May 2017 to January 2018. Weight was measured...

Background and objectives: It has been well established that the resting energy expenditure (REE) for the whole body is the sum of the REE for each organ-tissue in young and middle-aged healthy adults. Based on these previous studies, although it is speculated that sleeping energy expenditure (SEE, which has small inter-individual variability) chan...

Unintentional weight loss is a major frailty component; thus, assessing energy imbalance is essential for institutionalized elderly residents. This study examined prediction errors of the observed energy intake (OEI) against the actual energy intake obtained from the doubly labeled water (DLW) method and clarified the relationship between the energ...

Whole‐room indirect calorimeters have been used to study human metabolism for more than a century. These studies have contributed substantial knowledge to the assessment of nutritional needs and the regulation of energy expenditure and substrate oxidation in humans. However, comparing results from studies conducted at different sites is challenging...

We determined the total energy expenditure (TEE) of healthy overweight or obese people, and those with impaired glucose tolerance and/or impaired fasting glycemia (IGT/IFG), or type 2 diabetes (T2DM) using the doubly-labeled water method. As a second purpose, we compared the measured TEE with the target energy intake recommended in the treatment gu...

This study examined the relationship between meeting the World Health Organization’s (WHO) 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for the Early Years and motor skills and cognitive function in preschool children. Participants were 4-year-old boys and girls in urban and rural areas (n=69). Physical activity was measured using a triaxial accelerometer (ActiGrap...

Background & aims Although accurate assessment of energy intake (EI) is critical in diabetes care, underreporting of EI on dietary records (DR) is often an issue. However, few studies have examined EI with doubly labeled water (DLW) in patients with diabetes mellitus. We aimed to investigate the impact of sex and obesity on the dissociation of DR f...

Background Physical fitness levels in Japanese children are lower than those in the 1980s. 24‐h movement guidelines were recently developed to improve both present and future health of children. This study examined whether meeting the 24‐hour movement guidelines was associated with physical fitness measures in primary school children. Methods Part...

Background 24-h movement guidelines were recently developed to improve both the present and future health of children. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate adherence to the three recommendations strongly associated with health in 24-h movement guidelines and their relationship with weight status (overweight/obesity or underweight) in Ja...

Introduction: Evaluation of total energy expenditure (TEE) and physical activity level (PAL) is important for treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the validity of accelerometers (ACC) and physical activity questionnaires (PAQ) for estimating TEE and PAL remains unknown in elderly populations with T2DM. We evaluated...

Background: Physical activity (PA) guidelines for early childhood have been established worldwide, and adherence to PA guidelines has been utilized to assess the effectiveness of policies regarding PA promotion. Although there is a Japanese PA guideline for preschoolers, little is known about adherence to this recommendation. This study examined an...

This study aimed to examine the effect of acute sleep curtailment on sweet taste preference, appetite and food intake, and the correlation between food intake and sweet taste preference or active ghrelin using a randomized crossover design (5 h sleep curtailment vs. 8 h control). Twenty-four participants (11 men) aged 21.4 ± 1.0 years, with BMI 19....

Background: An international physical activity (PA) questionnaire is beneficial to make cross-country comparisons among children and adolescents. This study assesses the validity of the PA questions in the World Health Organization Health Behavior in School-Aged Children (WHO HBSC) survey in Japanese children and adolescents. Methods: Participan...

Background: We examined whether daily step counts under free-living conditions differed among four types of pedometers used by primary school children. Methods: In Study one, we compared the Yamax SW-200 (widely used in research) and the Kenz Lifecorder (accelerometer-based pedometer) in 30 children (6–12 years). In Study two, after confirming good...

Background A triaxial accelerometer with an algorithm that could discriminate locomotive and non-locomotive activities in adults has been developed. However, in the elderly, this accelerometer has not yet been validated. The aim were to examine the validity of this accelerometer in the healthy elderly, and to compare the results with those derived...

Previous studies have shown that habitual physical activity improves postprandial appetite regulation. We evaluated the direct association between physical activity level (PAL) and postprandial appetite regulation, and the effect of day-to-day variations in PAL on improving postprandial appetite regulation in lean young males. Fourteen young male a...

Diet-induced thermogenesis (DIT) refers to energy expenditure (EE) related to food consumption. Enhancing DIT can lead to weight loss. Factors that increase DIT are expected to lower body mass index and body fat mass. Although various methods have been developed for measuring DIT in humans, there is currently no method available for calculating abs...

Background: Self-monitoring using certain types of pedometers and accelerometers has been reported to be effective for promoting and maintaining physical activity (PA). However, the validity of estimating the level of PA or PA energy expenditure (PAEE) for general consumers using wearable devices has not been sufficiently established. Objective:...

Background/objectives: In this study, we ascertained the relationship between resting energy expenditure (REE) obtained using two procedures: indirect calorimetry and from organ-tissue mass, calculated employing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and adult metabolic rate constants, in prepubertal children. Differences between the measured and the c...

Background: The school environment provides crucial opportunities for children to engage in health-promoting physical activity (PA). Japanese children clean their schools and have recess time every school day. The primary aim of the study is to describe the levels of physical activity during school cleaning and recess time while comparing it betwe...

Objective: To summarise the status of physical activity in Japanese adults and children. Methods: Results obtained by several nationwide surveys such as the National Health and Nutrition Survey of Japan carried out annually were reviewed. Moreover, relevant guidelines or summaries and results of papers were introduced. Results: Average step counts...

The primary aim of this study was to examine moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) levels in preschool children during indoor and outdoor free playing time and during preschool physical education (PE) classes. The secondary aim was to determine which types of PE lessons are the best for increasing the percentage of MVPA. Physical activity d...

Malnutrition is a severe problem among elderly residents living in long-term care facilities. A simple and accurate estimation for total daily energy expenditure (TEE) is required in order to provide them with an adequate amount of food. The purpose of this study was to validate a physical activity assessment tool for estimating TEE among elderly r...

Background: An algorithm for the classification of ambulatory and non-ambulatory activities using the ratio of unfiltered to filtered synthetic acceleration measured with a triaxial accelerometer and predictive models for physical activity intensity (METs) in adults and in elementary school children has been developed. The purpose of the present st...

BACKGROUND Self-monitoring using pedometers and accelerometers has been considered effective for promoting and maintaining physical activity (PA). However, the validity of estimating the amount of PA or PA energy expenditure (PAEE) using wearable devices has not been sufficiently established. OBJECTIVE We examined the validity of 12 wearable devic...

Objective Assessment of total energy expenditure (TEE) is essential for appropriate recommendations regarding dietary intake and physical activity in patients with and without diabetes mellitus (DM). However, few reports have focused on TEE in patients with DM, particularly in Asian countries. Therefore, we evaluated TEE in Japanese patients with D...

BACKGROUND: The momentum to promote physical activity (PA) by various government agencies such as the Japan Sports Agency established in 2015, academic organizations, and companies is increasing towards the Tokyo Olympic and Paralympic Games. The goal of the 2018 Japan Report Card on Physical Activity for Children and Youth is to assess and track l...

The National Institute of Health and Nutrition, as a part of the National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition at present, has put emphasis on energy metabolism research since its establishment in 1920. After 2000, the National Institute of Health and Nutrition introduced doubly labeled water method and human calorimeters and h...

[This corrects the article on p. 336 in vol. 12, PMID: 30090171.].

Background: Physical activity among children and adolescents (collectively, youth) is important to ensure adult health. Population density is a factor that affects physical activity via various environmental factors. However, the relationship between population density and physical activity among youth is not fully understood, especially in extrem...

Objective Age at onset of walking has been shown as an early predictor of physical activity in infants and children. However, little is known about whether age at onset of walking may predict sedentary behavior (SB). The aim of the present study was to examine the association between the timing of onset of walking and objectively measured SB, and w...

Background: The associations of objectively evaluated moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary time between primary school children and their fathers or mothers have not been fully understood. Therefore, we tested the associations in children. Methods: The participants were first to sixth grade boys (n = 166, 9.4 ± 1.6 years) an...

Background: During the typical school day, physical education (PE) gives children an opportunity for physical activity (PA) and reduces their sedentary time, but little is known about objectively evaluated PA and sedentary time during PE lessons and the differences across genders and grades. There is also a lack of research comparing PA and sedent...

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI) for energy are derived from total energy expenditure (TEE) measured using the doubly labelled water (DLW) method. The objective of this study was to assess the validity of DRI for predicting the energy requirements of elementary school-age children. SUBJECTS/METHODS The present study involved 2...

Background: Herein, an algorithm that can be used in wearable health monitoring devices to estimate metabolic equivalents (METs) based on physical activity intensity data, particularly for certain activities in daily life that make MET estimation difficult. Results: Energy expenditure data were obtained from 42 volunteers using indirect calorime...

Background: Meals, particularly carbohydrate intake, determine diurnal blood glucose (BG) excursions. However, the effect of meals with variable carbohydrate content on diurnal BG excursions remains poorly understood, despite routine consumption of meals that vary daily. Objective: The aim of this study was to verify our hypothesis that glycemic...