Shifu Xiao

Shanghai Jiao Tong University | SJTU · Department of Geriatric Psychiatry; Alzheimer Disease and Related Disorders Center

Background Presence of cardiometabolic multimorbidity (CMM) has been linked to depressive symptoms in adults. The present study aimed to investigate the distinctive mapping between CMM and differential neuropsychiatric subsyndromes among multi‐regional and ethnical older adults. Method The present study included discovery and validation datasets....

Objective Investigating the correlation between body mass index (BMI) and cognitive decline among elderly people in the Chinese community. Design A non-random sampling method was employed to conduct a cross-sectional, mixed methods survey among elderly individuals in the Chinese community. Setting This research was conducted across the country, f...

Introduction Apolipoprotein E (APOE) epsilon 4 is regarded as the most significant genetic contributor linked to mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Daily life elements might also influence cognitive abilities to some extent. This research aimed to investigate whether carrying APOE ε4 alters the effects of lifestyle on cog...

Introduction To investigate the association between cardiometabolic multimorbidity (CMM) patterns and dementia‐related neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPSs) among multiregional and ethnic seniors. Methods Four Asian studies (discovery) and UK Biobank (validation) were included. CMM was defined as two or more of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes me...

Background and objectives: Previous randomized controlled trials and longitudinal studies have indicated that ongoing antihypertensive use in late life reduces all-cause dementia risk, but the specific impact on Alzheimer dementia (AD) and non-AD risk remains unclear. This study investigates whether previous hypertension or antihypertensive use mo...

Convenient and effective biomarkers are essential for the early diagnosis and treatment of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In the cross-sectional study, 103 patients with AD, 82 patients with aMCI and 508 normal controls (NC) were enrolled. The single‐molecule array (Simoa) technique was used to assess the levels of plasma proteins, including NfL, T-tau,...

Background: Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) regulate the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Objective: To identify lncRNAs in the peripheral blood as potential diagnostic biomarkers for amnestic mild cognitive impairment. Methods: In the discovery group, a microarray was used to screen for significant differences in lncRNA expression betw...

INTRODUCTION The LIfestyle for BRAin Health (LIBRA) index yields a dementia risk score based on modifiable lifestyle factors and is validated in Western samples. We investigated whether the association between LIBRA scores and incident dementia is moderated by geographical location or sociodemographic characteristics. METHODS We combined data from...

Background Several studies have suggested that smoking may impair cognitive function and worsen psychiatric symptoms in people with schizophrenia, but the results have not been consistent. There have been few studies to date that have examined the effects of smoking in older men with chronic schizophrenia. Methods The participants in our study con...

Background:Good social connections are proposed to positively influence the course of cognitive decline by stimulating cognitive reserve and buffering harmful stress-related health effects. Prior meta-analytic research has uncovered links between social connections and the risk of poor health outcomes such as mild cognitive impairment, dementia, an...

Objective This study aimed to determine the predictive values of informant-reported memory decline (IMD) among subjective cognitive decline (SCD) older adults from a 7-year community-based cohort study. Method Ninety SCD participants were included. Demographic data and neuropsychological test scores at both baseline and 7-year follow-up were colle...

Background Depression is a known risk factor for dementia, and social support may lower the risk of depression in older adults. There is, however, a lack of longitudinal analyses examining the association between emotional versus instrumental support and depressive symptoms in older adults. We analyzed the association of emotional and instrumental...

Background Amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) is considered a prodromal phase of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, little is known about the neuropsychological characteristic at pre-MCI stage. This study aimed to investigate which neuropsychological tests could significantly predict aMCI from a seven-year longitudinal cohort study. Methods...

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia. Accurate prediction and diagnosis of AD and its prodromal stage, i.e., mild cognitive impairment (MCI), is essential for the possible delay and early treatment for the disease. In this paper, we adopt the data from the China Longitudinal Aging Study (CLAS), which was launched in 2011, a...

Sleep quality is critical for improving mental health among older adults. Despite this, there is a dearth of studies examining the correlation between sleep quality and emotional symptoms in the elderly population of China. This study included 496 community elders aged 55 years and older. The participants were divided into two groups based on their...

Importance The utility of antihypertensives and ideal blood pressure (BP) for dementia prevention in late life remains unclear and highly contested. Objectives To assess the associations of hypertension history, antihypertensive use, and baseline measured BP in late life (age >60 years) with dementia and the moderating factors of age, sex, and rac...

Hypertension is considered as an independent risk factor for vascular mild cognitive impairment (vMCI) and vascular dementia (VaD). This study was performed to investigate the prevalence, influencing factors and cognitive characteristics of vMCI and VaD in elderly patients with hypertension in China. In the cross-sectional study, we performed clust...

As life expectancy increases and the population grows, the number of surgeries performed each year is likely to continue to increase. We evaluated whether surgery with general anesthesia increases risk for cognitive impairment in a Chinese elderly community population. The current data was obtained from the China Longitudinal Aging Study (cohort 1)...

Background: Mental symptoms have been shown to be associated with dementia. As the most common neuropsychiatric disorder, it is unclear whether and why anxiety increases the risk of cognitive progression in elderly. Methods: The aim of this study was to investigate the longitudinal effects of anxiety on cognitive impairment in non-dementia elder...

Background To investigate the complex connection between chronic sleep disturbance (CSD) and cognitive progression. Methods The Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database was used to assign 784 non-dementia elderly into two groups: a normal sleep group (528 participants) and a CSD group (256 participants) via the Neuropsychiatric...

Introduction: Previous meta-analyses have linked social connections and mild cognitive impairment, dementia, and mortality. However, these used aggregate data from North America and Europe and examined a limited number of social connection markers. Methods: We used individual participant data (N = 39271, Mage = 70.67 (40-102), 58.86% female, Med...

Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) is the preclinical stage of Alzheimer's disease (AD) which happens even earlier than mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Progressive SCD will convert to MCI with the potential of further evolving to AD. Therefore, early identification of progressive SCD with neuroimaging techniques (eg, structural MRI) is of great cl...

Introduction: Sex differences in dementia risk, and risk factor (RF) associations with dementia, remain uncertain across diverse ethno-regional groups. Methods: A total of 29,850 participants (58% women) from 21 cohorts across six continents were included in an individual participant data meta-analysis. Sex-specific hazard ratios (HRs), and wome...

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and COVID-19 share many common risk factors, such as advanced age, complications, APOE genotype, etc. Epidemiological studies have also confirmed the internal relationship between the two diseases. For example, studies have found that AD patients are more likely to suffer from COVID-19, and after infection with COVID-19, AD...

The Social Health and Reserve in the Dementia patient journey (SHARED) project is an international collaboration investigating the association between social health and cognitive function. We conducted an individual participant‐level meta‐analysis of the associations between social health variables and cognitive function (global cognition, memory,...

Background Poor social connections (eg, small networks, infrequent interactions, and loneliness) are modifiable risk factors for cognitive decline. Existing meta-analyses are limited by reporting aggregate responses, a focus on global cognition, and combining social measures into single constructs. We aimed to investigate the association between so...

Background Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) is considered as an independent risk factor for objective cognitive impairment, such as dementia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI), but the mechanism is unclear. Methods The current study consisted of two parts, the first of which included 1,010 older adults with SCD and 535 normal controls and was f...

Background Previous studies have confirmed that physical exercise may be beneficial for brain health, but there is little data on this among older Chinese. Objective The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between physical exercise and cognitive impairment, and to explore the possible mechanism by which physical exercise prevents...

Objective Bone morphogenetic protein 6 (BMP6) and noggin both have been implicated in the pathophysiology of chronic dementia, and chronic schizophrenia (SCZ) has high risk for progressing to dementia in later life. The current study investigated the relationship between blood BMP6/noggin levels and cognitive function in chronic SCZ elderly. Metho...

Background The management of modifiable risk factors and comorbidities may impact the future trajectory of cognitive impairment, but easy-to-implement management methods are lacking. Aims This study investigated the effects of simple but comprehensive cognitive health management practices on the cognitive function of older adults in the community...

Background: Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) plays important roles in the pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Objective: We sought blood BMP6 involved in the processes underlying cognitive decline and detected them in association with AD. Methods: A total of 309 participants in Shanghai Mental Health Center (SMHC) and 547 participants in Al...

Background Previous studies have linked internet use with several beneficial outcomes for brain health, but there is little data on this among older Chinese. Objective The goal of this study was to explore the association between internet use and cognitive impairment and to explore the possible mechanisms by which internet use prevents cognitive d...

Background Recent Alzheimer’s disease (AD) hypotheses implicate that hepatic metabolic disorders might contribute to the disease pathogenesis of AD, but the mechanism remains unclear. Aims To investigate whether the elevated aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) ratio is associated with future cognitive decline, and t...

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive and irreversible neurodegenerative dementia. Recent studies found that subjective cognitive decline (SCD) may be the early clinical precursor that precedes mild cognitive impairment (MCI) for AD. SCD subjects with normal cognition may already have some medial temporal lobe atrophy. Although brain changes by...

Background It is well known that schizophrenia is associated with sex differences. However, no study has explored the sex differences in obesity and cognitive function in elderly Chinese patients with schizophrenia. Objective This study aimed to compare sex differences in obesity and cognitive function in elderly Chinese individuals with schizophr...

Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a growing global public health challenge. The development of new therapies is urgently needed, and a complex ecosystem of organizations has grown to facilitate AD drug discovery and development. Masterfully collating information on the drug development ecosystem, this book emphasizes the contributions of each aspect in t...

Background Previous studies show that the consumption of tea is associated with several beneficial outcomes for brain health, but there is little data among the elderly in China. Objective The objective was to explore the longitudinal relationship between tea consumption and the risk of cognitive decline. Methods The current data was obtained fro...

Purpose: Elderly individuals with degenerative diseases of the central nervous system are more likely to develop peripheral neuropathy; however, research is limited as to whether the decline in peripheral nerve conduction can be used as a biomarker of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Patients and methods: This study enrolled 74 patients with mild cogni...

Background: The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) are the most commonly used tools for cognitive impairment screening. The present study aimed to investigate the ability of the MOCA and MMSE to differentiate between cognitively normal elderly individuals, MCI patients and dementia patients at different ag...

Background: Hypertension is associated with poorer cognitive functions, but the mechanisms are unclear. Objective: This research aims to explore the cognitive status of elderly patients with hypertension and the possible mechanisms of hypertension affecting cognitive function. Methods: Data were obtained from the China Longitudinal Aging Study (CLA...

Background Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a transitional state between normal elderly people and dementia, with a higher risk of dementia transition. The primary purpose of the current study was to investigate whether routine blood and blood biochemical markers could be used to predict the onset of MCI. Methods Data was obtained from the cohor...

The purpose of this study is to investigate the complex connection between apathy and cognitive decline that remains unclear. A total of 1057 non-dementia elderly from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database received up to 13 years of follow-up and were divided into an apathy negative (−) group of 943 participants and an apa...

Background: Sporadic dementias generally occur in older age and are highly polygenic, which indicates some patients transmitted in a poly-genes hereditary fashion. Objective: Our study aimed to analyze the correlations of genetic features with clinical symptoms in patients with degenerative dementia. Methods: We recruited a group of 84 dementia pat...

Accurately assessing clinical progression from subjective cognitive decline (SCD) to mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is crucial for early intervention of pathological cognitive decline. Multi-modal neuroimaging data such as T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET), help provide objective and supplementary...

Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) is a preclinical phase of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) which occurs before the deficits could be detected by cognitive tests. It is highly desired to predict the progress of SCD for possible intervention of AD-related cognitive decline. Many neuroimaging-based methods have been developed for AD diagnosis, but there ar...

Background: Prospective studies suggest that tea consumption may decrease the risk for cognitive impairment in late life. However, little research has examined the association between tea consumption and cognitive performance across multiple domains. In addition, no research has examined the benefit of tea consumption on cognitive performance amon...

Background: Amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) is a prodromal stage of Alzheimer's disease (AD) involving imbalanced beta-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1). MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are associated with AD. Objective: This study aimed to investigated whether plasma miRNAs can predict prodromal AD or are associated with AD...

Obesity is a critical issue in patients with schizophrenia, which is considered to be brought about by both environmental and genetic factors. Apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene polymorphisms might be involved in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia, however, the effect of APOE gene polymorphism on obesity has never been investigated in Chinese aging with s...

Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) is considered the earliest stage of the clinical manifestations of the continuous progression of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). Previous studies have suggested that multimodal brain networks play an important role in the early diagnosis and mechanisms underlying SCD. However, most of the previous studies focused on a s...

Objective To examine the association between sleep duration in different stages of life and amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI). Design, setting, and participants A total of 2472 healthy elderly and 505 patients with aMCI in China were included in this study. The study analyzed the association between aMCI and sleep duration in different sta...

Background: Polymorphism in the APOE gene has been shown to be associated with cognitive function, however, the related studies are not consistent. To investigate the relationship between APOE gene polymorphism and cognitive function, we conducted the current cross-sectional study specifically to investigate the effect of different APOE genotypes o...

Background: There have been no longitudinal studies of white rice consumption and cognitive impairment Methods: This was a 2-year longitudinal follow-up study. Data were obtained from the cohort study on the brain health of the elderly in Shanghai. There were 620 (224 men and 396 women) subjects aged ≥ 60 years. Weekly white rice consumption was as...

Aim: To investigate the effects of light-to-moderate drinking on the cognitive function of the elderly in a large elderly community cohort. Although heavy drinking is linked with impaired brain functions, the effects of light-to-moderate drinking on the cognitive function of the elderly are still controversial. Methods: A total of 1469 nondement...

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00386.].

Background New therapies are urgently needed for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Sodium oligomannate (GV-971) is a marine-derived oligosaccharide with a novel proposed mechanism of action. The first phase 3 clinical trial of GV-971 has been completed in China. Methods We conducted a phase 3, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in participants with mi...

Short-term memory decline is the typical clinical manifestation of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, early-onset AD usually has atypical symptoms and may get misdiagnosed. In the present case study, we reported a patient who experienced symptoms of memory loss with progressive non-fluent aphasia accompanied by gradual social withdrawal. He did not...

Background Several studies have shown that afternoon napping promotes cognitive function in the elderly; on the other hand, some studies have shown opposite results. This current study further examined the relationship between afternoon napping and cognitive function in the ageing Chinese population. Methods A total of 2214 elderly were included (...

Background Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) individuals are at a higher risk to develop dementia, especially due to Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Dyskinesia, such as facial expressions, gait and postural changes, retardation and tremor, occurs even before significant clinical symptoms of AD. Besides, elders with central nervous degenerative diseases are...

Background Identifying subjects at the preclinical amnestic mild cognitive impairment (pre‐MCI), is fundamental for early intervention of Alzheimer's disease. Extensive studies have shown that structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides objective biomarkers for automated diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease and its prodromal stage (i.e., aMCI)...

Background: TAR DNA-binding protein-43 (TDP-43) and neurofilament light chain (NfL) are promising fluid biomarkers of disease progression for various dementia. Objective: We would explore whether blood levels of NfL and TDP-43 could predict the long-term progression to dementia, and the relationship of TDP-43 levels between cerebrospinal fluid (...

Background: New therapies are urgently needed for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Sodium oligomannate (GV-971) is a marine-derived oligosaccharide which reconstitutes gut microbiota, reduces neuroinflammation, decreases amyloid deposition, and improves cognition in AD animal models. The first phase 3 clinical trial of GV-971 has been completed in China....

Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) is a high-risk yet less understood status before developing Alzheimer's disease (AD). This work included 76 SCD individuals with two (baseline and 7 years later) neuropsychological evaluations and a baseline T1-weighted structural MRI. A machine learning-based model was trained based on 198 baseline neuroimaging (...

Background: Depressive symptoms are common comorbidities in schizophrenia. However, the effect of APOE E3 on depressive symptoms has never been investigated in an aging Chinese population with schizophrenia. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the effects of APOE E3 on blood lipid metabolism and depressive symptoms in elderly schizophre...

Background: Sodium oligomannate (GV-971), a marine-derived oligosaccharide, is a novel agent that may improve cognition in AD patients. Methods: The 24-week multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo parallel controlled clinical trial was conducted in AD in China between 24 October 2011 and 10 July 2013. The study included a 4-week screening...

Background: Dementia shows sex difference in its epidemiology. Childbirth, a distinctive experience of women, is associated with the risk for various diseases. However, its association with the risk of dementia in women has rarely been studied. Methods: We harmonized and pooled baseline data from 11 population-based cohorts from 11 countries ove...