Sherine M. Abd El-Kader

• Acting President of Electronics Research Institute
• CEO at Electronics Research Institute

A porous electrode material consisting of NiCo2O4/RGO with an approximate diameter of 200 nm has been successfully fabricated. This promising porous material was derived from ZIF-67/RGO (zeolitic imidazolate framework-67 crystals doped with reduced graphene oxide sheets) through an ion exchange and etching process using Ni(NO3)2·6H2O followed by a...

Assessing the quality of land is a very important step that precedes the planning of land use and taking management decisions; for example, in the agricultural field, it can be used to evaluate the suitability of the land for planting crops, determine the suitable irrigation system type, or adjust the agricultural inputs such as fertilizers and pes...

Zeolitic imidazolate framework-67 crystals (ZIF-67) anchored molybdenum disulfide nanosheets (MS) have been synthesized via a hydrothermal approach followed by a simple chemical method. MS concentration has been varied to investigate its impact on the electrochemical efficiency within the electrode nanocomposite. The shiny spot of this composite is...

The Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) domain, especially the design of UAV cooperative systems, is one of the most important research and applied fields nowadays. The multi-UAV system design is a wealth of research points under the flight planning umbrella, including the design of communication protocols for the Flying Ad-hoc Network (FANET) connecting...

The site-specific management is the technology that considers the natural variability within the same field of factors related to crop growth to improve its management practices such that the agricultural treatments are varied for field's small production zones saving resources and environment, and improving crop quality and size. Since site-specif...

Although metal-organic frameworks demonstrate enhanced surface area, incredible porosity, and a well-controlled structure, they exhibit low conductivity, limiting their use in energy storage devices. In this work, we incorporated different mass loadings of silver, the metal with the highest conductivity in the zeolitic imidazolate framework-67 (ZIF...

The benefits of Filter Bank Multicarrier (FBMC) make it an attractive waveform instead of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM). However, a high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) is a significant drawback in FBMC. Exploiting a single carrier effect is considered an effective technique to reduce PAPR in FBMC systems with a small amount...

Although metal-organic frameworks demonstrate enhanced surface area, incredible porosity, and a well-controlled structure, they exhibit low conductivity, limiting their use in energy storage devices. In this work, we incorporated different mass loadings of silver, the metal with the highest conductivity in the zeolitic imi-dazolate framework-67 (ZI...

Precision Agriculture is recently being introduced to production as the technique of using the precise amounts of agricultural essentials like water, fertilizers, and pesticides whenever needed without harming the environment, land, and crops by excess application. Various techniques are used for precision agriculture and with the advent of Wireles...

In wireless sensor networks, it is crucial to support the collected data of sensor nodes with position information. One of the promising ways to acquire the position of unknown nodes is using a mobile anchor node that traverses throughout the network, stops at determined points, and sends its position to aid in obtaining the location of other unkno...

Recently, many Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) protocols have been proposed for securing resource-constrained Internet of Things (IoT) devices with negligible power consumption. The Long Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN) is a low power communication protocol that supports message authentication, integrity, and encryption using two-session presh...

Vehicular communication technology keeps promising to reduce the current road accidents and introduce smarter, safer, and more seamless ground transportation system. The wide deployment of 5G cellular network, supported with device-to-device (D2D) technology, can afford a good solution to enhance vehicular communication performance. The main challe...

Throughput, energy efficiency and average packet delivery delay are some of the most crucial metrics that should be considered in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). This paper proposes a modified Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol for WSNs, called (MCA-MAC). MCA-MAC aims to improve the previous metrics and thus the overall performance of WSNs throu...

Vehicular networks have become among the most interesting topics in Internet of Things era as they are key factor in limiting road crashes and introducing a smart transportation system with high level of safety. The communication between vehicles and other devices is known as a Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) and it is categorized into two main types:...

Wireless sensor networks are highly effective in numerous applications which require sensor nodes to acknowledge their positions. One of the fundamental solutions to solve the localization problem is to spread anchor nodes in the network to get the positions of other unknown sensor nodes. However, this is a very expensive solution since these ancho...

The demand for high-performance biosensors that possess the requirements of selectivity, sensitivity and stability is an essential need for future applications. The main types of biosensors, particularly electrochemical biosensors, are discussed in this paper.The engineered nanomaterials provide higher electrical conductivity, have nanoscale size,...

In this paper, we are proposing and validating "mobTHE" protocol that is designed to fill the gap in handling seamless mobile communication for on-body nodes. Therefore, "mobTHE" protocol tackles the dis-connectivity problem resulted from the sensor nodes’ mobility while keeping an eye on the network’s sustainability in terms of maximum packet thro...

Machine type communication (MTC), additionally called machine-to-machine (M2M) communications, broadly is referring to a number of cooperating machines exchange sensed data or information and make decisions with slight or zero human intervention. M2M technology will let a massive number of devices to be interconnected over the internet leading to a...

This book gathers selected high-quality research papers presented at Arab Conference for Emerging Technologies 2020 organized virtually in Cairo during 21–23 June 2020. This book emphasizes the role and recent developments in the field of emerging technologies and artificial intelligence, and related technologies with a special focus on sustainable...

Recently, the COVID-19 virus appeared and threatened people’s lives over the entire world. The danger of this virus is its rapid spread and there are no specific vaccines or treatments for COVID-19 at this time. One of the most important symptoms of the COVID-19 virus is the high temperature. Therefore, we must quickly discover people whose tempera...

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is one of the most dangerous respiratory illness through the last one hundred years. Its dangerous is returned to its ability to spread quickly between people. This paper proposes a smart real solution to help Egyptian government to track and control the spread of COVID-19. In this paper, we suggest an integrated...

In this paper a non-contact thermometer is designed. It calculates the temperature from the infrared radiation produced by the subject being measured. It can be used for industrial purpose as well as for medical purposes. In medical purpose it is used to measure the core body temperature from forehead temperature depends on ambient air temperature...

The improvement of Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) has been increased significantly in last decades. One of the important topics related to ADAS is the autonomous parking system. This system faces many challenges to have an accurate estimation for the node (vehicle) position in indoor scenario, especially in the absence of GPS. Therefore,...

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is one of the most dangerous respiratory illness through the last one hundred years. Its dangerous is returned to its ability to spread quickly between people. This paper proposes a smart real solution to help Egyptian government to track and control the spread of COVID-19. In this paper, we suggest an integrated...

The evolving Fifth generation (5G) cellular wireless networks are envisioned to provide higher data rates, lower end-to-end latency, and lower energy consumption for devices. In order to achieve 5G requirements, a lot of new technologies are needed to operate in 5G. Device-to-device communication (D2D) is one of the key technologies provided to enh...

To keep pace with the current rapid evolution of mobile data requirements, IEEE 802.11 was evolved to provide more desirable performance to fulfill the needs of fifth-generation (5G) and Internet of Things (IoT) networks. It provides two different access contention-based schemes; Distributed Coordination Function (DCF) which not differentiates betw...

5G is the next step in the evolution of mobile communication. The evolving 5G cellular wireless networks are envisioned to provide higher data rates, enhanced end-user quality-of-experience (QoE), reduced end-to-end latency, and lower energy consumption. Device to device (D2D) is one of the key technologies provided to enhance 5G performance. Direc...

Machine type communication (MTC), additionally called machine-to-machine (M2M) communications, broadly is referring to a number of cooperating machines exchange sensed data or information and make decisions with slight or zero human intervention. M2M technology will let a massive number of devices to be interconnected over the internet leading to a...

Localization is a fundamental problem in wireless sensor networks. Localization means the determination of geographical locations of sensor nodes, consequently detecting the event location and to initiate a prompt action whenever necessary. The localization process passes with three phases distance and/or angle estimation phase, position phase and...

The Internet of Things (IoT) relates to many billions of various applications and devices scattered around the world talk to each other and can exchange data and perform cooperative tasks without the intervention of humans. Towards efficiently realizing this, many things are needed to be achieved in advance, such as common language, basis of work a...

In this paper, we focus on an interesting E-Health monitoring system that efficiently utilizes the concept of the Internet of Things (IoT). Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) composed of a set of target-oriented sensors placed around the human body and transmit its collected data to a coordinator that carries it to some cloud system. WBAN standardiz...

Due to the development in the digital image processing, its wide use in many applications such as medical, security, and others, the need for more accurate techniques that are reliable, fast and robust is vehemently demanded. Face recognition technology is very important for the security that provides intelligence services. Recently, a new trend ha...

IEEE 802.11 networks have a great role to play in supporting and deploying of the Internet of Things (IoT). The realization of IoT depends on the ability of the network to handle a massive number of stations and transmissions, and to support Quality of Service (QoS). IEEE 802.11 networks enable the QoS by applying the Enhanced Distributed Channel A...

IEEE 802.11 networks have a great role to play in supporting and deploying of the Internet of Things (IoT). The realization of IoT depends on the ability of the network to handle a massive number of stations and transmissions, and to support Quality of Service (QoS). IEEE 802.11 networks enable the QoS by applying the Enhanced Distributed Channel A...

The rabid growth of today’s technological world has led us to connecting every electronic device worldwide together, which guides us towards the Internet of Things (IoT). Gathering the produced information based on a very tiny sensing devices under the umbrella of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). The nature of these networks suffers from missing sh...

Although there are various Medium Access Control (MAC) protocols proposed for Wireless Sensor Network (WSN), there is no protocol accepted as a standard specific to it. This paper deals with completing the design of our previously proposed MAC for WSN by proposing a channel access mechanism (CAM). The CAM is based on developing a backoff mechanism...

Localization is a fundamental problem in wireless sensor networks. Localization means the determination of geographical locations of sensor nodes, consequently detecting the event location and to initiate a prompt action whenever necessary. The localization process passes with three phases distance and/or angle estimation phase, position phase and...

This paper aims at designing a Timing Structure Mechanism (TSM) for Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) MAC, with specifying its respective logical topology, especially suitable to the monitoring applications, differentiated and characterized from the existing time bounding strategies, paving for a good performance channel access mechanism. The work prop...

Cognitive radio (CR) technology is envisaged to solve problems in wireless networks resulting from the limited available spectrum usage by exploiting the existing wireless spectrum opportunistically that are not utilized. CR allows unlicensed users to access licensed frequency bands, under the condition of protecting the quality of service of the l...

Cognitive Radio (CR) technology has been proposed in recent years as a revolutionary solution towards more efficient utilization of the scarce spectrum resources in an adaptive and intelligent way. By tuning the frequency to the temporarily unused licensed band and adapting operating parameters to environment variations, cognitive radio technology...

As selecting an appropriate number of nodes before Wireless Sensor Network deployment is important and it is difficult and inefficient to be done by simulation, a method for achieving that is requisite. This paper proposes simple mathematical equations to determine a suitable number of nodes for Wireless Sensor Network monitoring applications such...

Smart Home Wireless Sensor Networks (SHWSN) are now capable of incorporating large amounts of computing power to monitor the activities of its occupants and anticipate their needs. They can provide elders and disabilities with complex customization options to allow them to tailor their environment to precise requirements. According to the latest go...

Renewable energy sources play a major role in energy saving, thus it becomes the actual hope to improve one of the major challenges for the Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), which is network lifetime, especially when sensor nodes are placed in non accessible human areas. Solar Energy Harvesting (SEH) is one of the most abundant and accessible types...

Cognitive Radio (CR) technology is envisaged to solve the problems in wireless networks resulting from the limited available spectrum and the inefficiency in the spectrum usage by exploiting the existing wireless spectrum opportunistically. CR networks, equipped with the intrinsic capabilities of the cognitive radio, will provide an ultimate spectr...

The purpose of this chapter is the study of the clustering process in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN), starting with clarifying why there are different clustering protocols for WSN by stating and briefly describing some of the variate features in their design; these features can represent questions the clustering protocol designer asks before the de...

In this paper, a multilevel minimised delay clustering protocol (MMDCP) is proposed. MMDCP is proved to extend the lifetime of wireless sensor networks through levelling and through a better choice of cluster heads. MMDCP assigns the number of the lower level cluster heads and the leaf nodes in the network so as to minimise the end-to-end delay. Wh...

This paper gives an overview of the wireless sensor network, studies its application in precision farming, and its importance for improving the agriculture in Egypt. An example for using wireless sensor network in cultivating the potato crop in Egypt is given, and it is shown that the cost of the system with respect to the yearly benefit from expor...

Due to the big and essential role played by the cluster head in hierarchical protocols of wireless sensor network, it consumes an amount of energy more than the member nodes of the cluster. Therefore, the hierarchical protocols usually suffer from a packet loss due to frequent cluster head failure during the data transmission. This decreases the co...

The design of operating system for Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) deviates from traditional operating system design due to significant and specific characteristics like constrained resources, high dynamics and inaccessible deployment. The purpose of this work is to classify existing operating systems according to the important Operating System (OS)...

One of the main requirements of any intelligent transportation system is to be able to identify vehicles in the traffic. This paper presents an intelligent vehicle identification system used within a complete solution for a traffic monitoring system thatusesa novelwireless sensor network architecture to monitor traffic. A novel wireless sensor netw...

In this paper, a Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy Centralized Sleeping Proto-col (LEACH-CS) for wireless sensor networks has been proposed. LEACH-CS extends the lifetime of wireless sensor networks by proposing a mechanism that performs an intelligent choice of func-tioning nodes depending on the data sensed at the time being. If the data r...

This paper proposes a new design for the smart home using the wireless sensor network and the biometric technologies. The proposed system employs the biometric in the authentication for home entrance which enhances home security as well as easiness of home entering process. The proposed smart home Wireless Biometric Smart Home (WB-SH) design is one...

This paper proposes an implementation for the directed diffusion paradigm aids in studying this paradigm’s operations and evaluates its behavior according to this implementation. The directed diffusion is evaluated with respect to the loss percentage, lifetime, end-to-end delay, and throughput. From these evaluations some suggestions and modificati...

As selecting an appropriate number of nodes before Wireless Sensor Network deployment is important and it is difficult and inefficient to be done by simulation, a method for achieving that is requisite. This paper represents a performance modification to the Low Loss Energy_Aware routing Protocol (LLEAP) by developing a new algorithm consists of si...

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) consist of small nodes with sensing, computation, and wireless communications capabilities. Many routing, power management, and data dissemination protocols have been specifically designed for WSNs. Routing protocols in WSNs might differ depending on the application and network architecture. However, wireless sensor...

As the Wireless Sensor Network is a form of the realization of the Ambient Intelligence system vision where computation, control, and communication are embedded into the physical environment such that the resulting interaction paradigms is person-to-physical world paradigm, the Wireless Sensor Network covers a wide range of applications. Current an...

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) consist of small nodes with sensing, computation, and wireless communications capabilities. Many routing, power management, and data dissemination protocols have been specifically designed for WSNs. Routing protocols in WSNs might differ depending on the application and network architecture. However, wireless sensor...

But, as the energy-efficiency is critical for periodical data gathering applications in wireless sensor networks, it has the highest priority in algorithms design; also the latency, packet loss, and throughput are important factors and should be addressed. This chapter proposes a routing protocol inspired by an energy-efficient cluster-based routin...

Because sensor nodes typically are battery-powered and in most cases it may not be possible to change or recharge batteries, the key challenge in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) design is the energy-efficiency and how to deal with the trade-off between it and the QoS parameters required by some applications. This paper studies the QoS of an energy-...

In recent years, WLAN technology has been gaining popularity around the world with its sub standard 802.11b receiving major deployments in many indoor and outdoor environments. In this article we investigate the performance of IEEE 802.11b infrastructure networks in the lossless and lossy environments by means of a simulation study. Also, this stud...

Currently the Internet offers a point-to-point delivery service, which is based on the "best effort" delivery model. In this model, data will be delivered to its destination as soon as possible, but with no commitment about bandwidth or latency. Using protocols such as the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), the highest guarantee the network provi...

Development of QoS approaches has become mandatory to comply with the requirements of the new applications. Delay, loss, and jitter are the major and essential constraints to provide QoS, for example packet loss will cause chip and skips effects for voice traffic and also cause glitches and cutouts problems for video traffic. There are two policing...

Unlike wired networks, packets transmitted on wireless channels are often subject to burst errors which cause packet losses. Most wireless LAN data link layer protocols recover from packet loss by retransmitting the lost frames, but this leads to bad utilization for the wireless channel because this channel is in a burst error state, so most of the...

Delay sensitive applications are not recommended to be applied in the best effort environment. Since no guarantee is provided by the network regarding the amount of delay that the application will possibly face through its path to the destination. Therefore, many delay sensitive applications tend to use the reservation protocols which are signaling...

Delay sensitive applications are not recommended to be applied in the best effort environment. Since no guarantee is provided by the network regarding the amount of delay that the application will possibly face through its path to the destination. Therefore, many delay sensitive applications tend to use the reservation protocols which are signaling...

Mobile ad-hoc networks (MANET) rely on wireless connections between mobile nodes, which mean limited bandwidth & high rate of disconnections between nodes. So there is a great need for a new routing protocol that have low routing message overhead to enhance the performance of MANET. The reduction of routing message overhead will decrease the wasted...

The existence of a practical QoS pricing model is essential to facilitate practicing QoS commercially, a proposed model should satisfy certain properties as the ease of implementation and to be understood by participating parties. The Model presented here, is a resource based pricing model for QoS sessions. This model declares the relations between...

A new proposed model has been implemented to guarantee the required voice quality based on the available network resources. Although, the proposed model is so simple from the routers side, it is somehow complex from the host side due to the input analyzing process. On the other hand, the QBone (quality of service backbone) model moves the complexit...