Shengyong Lu

• Zhejiang University

Municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash poses severe environmental risks because of the high potential of fly ash for heavy metal leaching. In this study, the leaching of fly ash by acetic acid was investigated. Key parameters, including time, acetic acid concentration, and fly ash type, were examined for their influence on calcium and he...

The reactivation and subsequent reuse of exhausted selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalysts has significant economic and environmental advantages. Water and acid washing along with thermal regeneration are commonly used to eliminate toxic substances from the catalyst surface, while these processes often result in the undesired loss of active c...

The reactivation and subsequent reuse of the exhausted SCR catalyst holds significant economic and environmental advantages. Water and acid washing along with thermal regeneration were commonly utilized to eliminate toxic substances from the catalyst surface, while these processes often resulted in the undesired loss of active components. In this r...

Manganese oxide-cerium oxide supported on titanate nanotubes (i.e., MnCe/TiNTs) were prepared and their catalytic activities towards NH3-SCR of NO were tested. The results indicated that the MnCe/TiNT catalyst can achieve a high NO removal efficiency above 95% within the temperature range of 150–350 °C. Even after exposure to a HCl-containing atmos...

The wet flue gas desulfurization (WFGD) system of coal-fired power plants shows a good removal effect on condensable particulate matter (CPM), reducing the dust removal pressure for the downstream flue gas purification devices. In this work, the removal effect of a WFGD system on CPM and its organic pollutants from a coal-fired power plant was stud...

Ni-single atom catalysts with nitrogen-doped porous carbon as the support and plasma modification were adopted for efficient CO 2 RR to CO.

Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) have attracted widespread concern due to their high toxicity, and their difficult manipulation in laboratories has made the research process tough. Thus, in our work, furan is selected as the model compound owing to the same structure of a central oxygenate ring. Although...

Catalytic destruction of nitrogen oxides (NOx) combined with dust removal technique has attracted much attention, yet the application in the solid waste incineration air pollution control process is still lacking due to the complex flue gas atmosphere. In this work, the Mn-Ce-Co-Ox catalyst–coated polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) filter fiber with effic...

Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin/furans (PCDD/F) have a great threat to the environment and human health, resulting in controlling PCDD/F emissions to regulation far important for emission source. Considering 2,3,4,7,8-pentachlorodibenzo-p-furan (PeCDF) identified as the most contributor to international toxic equivalent, 2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF can be con...

Microplastic pollution control has always been a thorny problem all over the world. Magnetic porous carbon materials have shown a good development prospect in microplastic adsorption due to their excellent adsorption performance and easy magnetic separation from water. However, the adsorption capacity and rate of magnetic porous carbon on microplas...

Total particulate matter (TPM), including condensable and filterable particulate matter (CPM and FPM), is one of the pollutants that need to be controlled in the coal combustion process. In this study, CPM and FPM were sampled from sixteen coal-fired power units and two coal-fired industrial units. The removal effects of air pollution control devic...

The dual bag filter (DBF) system is a new polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) emission control technology that has more efficient (PCDD/Fs) removal performance, a higher activated carbon utilization rate and less activated carbon consumption compared with the traditional single bag filter system. Moreover,...

With the rapid development of municipal solid waste (MSW) incineration, the effective disposal and recycling utilization of fly ash is attracting increasing attention. The mechanochemical (MC) treatment as a non-thermal method shows good stabilization of heavy metals and degradation of dioxins in fly ash. The inhibition effect and long-term safety...

Industrial-use VOx-based catalysts usually have a higher active temperature window (> 250-300 °C), which becomes a “bottleneck” for the practical application of PCDD/Fs catalytic degradation technology. In this work, VOx-FeOx/TiO2 catalyst prepared via mechanochemically method was investigated for the catalytic removal of PCDD/Fs. The removal effic...

Biomass-derived porous carbon materials are potential adsorbents for VOCs. In this work, biomass-derived nitrogen-doped hierarchical porous carbons (NHPCs) were synthesized by a one-step pyrolysis activation combined with nitrogen doping method from several biomass wastes (corn straw, wheat stalk, bamboo, pine, and corncob). NHPCs have a hierarchic...

As an important source of electricity production in China, coal-fired power boiler still emits high concentrations of pollutants such as particulate matter (PM) due to large amounts of flue gas. In this study, filterable and condensable PM (CPM) were sampled in three coal-fired units. In particular, the effects of unit load and flue gas temperature...

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are one of the dominant contributors to toxic organic pollutants emitted from coal combustion. In this study, the PAHs and condensable particulate matter (CPM) were sampled from a 300 MW ultralow emission coal-fired power plant. The effect of air pollution control devices (APCDs) on PAHs migration regularity...

Condensable particulate matter (CPM) is a primary particulate matter that exists in the form of gas or vapor phase before discharge, but after discharge, it rapidly turns into a particulate substance due to cooling and dilution. The composition of CPM is very complex, and it poses a threat to the environment and human health. However, there is a la...

Municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash (FA) is classified as hazardous waste, which requires additional treatment before disposal or further utilization. Stabilization/solidification (S/S) is regarded as a low-cost and high-efficient method for MSWI FA treatment. “Low-carbon S/S” has captured extensive interest in recent years, which cou...

A series of Mn–Ce composite oxides catalysts (MnyCe1-yOx) prepared by co-precipitation method and ball-milling-assisted solid-state synthesis were tested for the catalytic combustion of 1,2-dichlorobenzene. The results showed that ball milling process as a green chemistry method can significantly promote the catalytic activity. The Mn/Mn + Ce ratio...

In this study, Mn-based bimetallic oxide catalysts were synthesized via the solvothermal method. Different metals (Ce, Co and Fe) exhibited a great impact on the physicochemical properties of catalysts, resulting in different catalytic activities for the simultaneous removal of 1,2-dichlorobenzene (1,2-DCB) and furan, as a model of polychlorinated...

Municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash (FA) is classified as hazardous waste, which requires additional treatment before disposal or further utilization. Stabilization/solidification (S/S) is regarded as a low-cost and high-efficient method for MSWI FA treatment. “Low-carbon S/S” has captured extensive interest in recent years, which cou...

A 1000 Nm³/h capacity pilot scale dual baghouse filter system was tested on flue gas and fly ash from a municipal solid waste incinerator, and the removal efficiency of dioxins, heavy metals and HCl was studied. Activated carbon was injected at the inlet of the first baghouse filter to remove the gas phase dioxins and heavy metals, and baking soda...

The coal combustion produces a large amount of pollutants such as organic compounds pollutants (such as VOCs, SVOCs) and conventional pollutants (such as SO2, NOx) which need to be controlled in coal-fired plants. Currently, there have been mature emission control technologies for conventional pollutants in coal-combustion flue gas. The complicated...

Total particulate matter emitted from coal-fired power plants can be classified into filterable particulate matter (FPM) and condensable particulate matter (CPM). In this study, the FPM and CPM in the flue gas were sampled from a 300 MW ultra-low emission coal-fired power plant by the simultaneous sampling system, which was conducted according to I...

This review discusses physical, chemical and direct lithium-ion battery recycling methods in order to have an outlook on future recovery routes. Physical and chemical processes are employed to treat cathode active materials which are the greatest cost contributor in the production of lithium batteries. Direct recycling processes maintain the origin...

The inhibition effect of calcined lime (CaO) and limestone (CaCO3) on the formation of dioxins during iron ore co-sintering with fly ash was investigated in a sinter pot in the present work. Experimental results indicated that international total toxicity equivalent concentration of dioxins decreased from 1.4335 to 0.2922, 0.1048, 0.4562, and 0.309...

Wet flue gas desulfurization (WFGD) in coal-fired power plants has a great impact on the emission of particulate matter, including filterable particulate matter (FPM) and condensable particulate matter (CPM). In this paper, CPM and FPM in flue gas before and after WFGD in coal-fired power plants were sampled in parallel. FPM was tested according to...

The high toxicity and low volatility of PCDD/Fs prevent detailed study of their catalytic degradation removal characteristics. In this study, 1,2-dichlorobenzene (1,2-DCBz) was initially used as a model to investigate the catalytic characteristics of various vanadium-based catalysts prepared by different methods. Then, the optimized catalyst was us...

Mn-Ce mixed oxides were prepared using a simple, facile, and high yielding co-precipitation method. The effects of the proportion of Mn/Ce and the addition of Fe, Co, Sn on the physical and chemical properties of catalysts have been thoroughly investigated. Several analytical techniques were conducted, namely BET, XRD, SEM, XPS, and H2-TPR. Compare...

The current derived models for predicting polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and-furans (PCDD/F) emissions from incineration can only be applied to a specific incinerator due to high deviation or systematic errors. And the models fail to provide quantized guidance for the operation of full-scale municipal solid waste incinerators. To address the pro...

The disposing of municipal solid waste incineration(MSWI) fly ashes containing dioxins is an intractable problems. Co-sintering is one of the most ideal methods to dispose MSWI fly ash, because it not only degrades the dioxins but also makes it possible to re-utilize MSWI fly ashes. In the present study, MSWI fly ash(FA) and water washed MSWI fly a...

For the long-term operation of municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI), online monitoring and feedback control of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and dibenzofuran (PCDD/F) can be used to control the emissions to national or regional standards. In this study, 500 PCDD/F samples were determined by thermal desorption gas chromatography coupled to t...

Condensable particulate matter (CPM) is the dominant component of the total particulate matter emitted from coal combustion. The organic pollutants contained in CPM are harmful substances, which pose significant potential threats to human health and the environment. CPM was sampled from eight coal-fired power units and two coal-fired industrial uni...

Particulate matter (PM), including condensable particulate matter (CPM) and filterable particulate matter (FPM), emitted from coal combustion is one of the major contributors to air pollution. In this study, CPM and FPM were sampled from two coal-fired industrial boilers with air pollution control devices (APCDs). The emission concentration of tota...

Thermal treatment of municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (FA) is an effective method to detoxicate FA and produce secondary material with good utilization properties, but the high temperature induced migration of carbon, chlorine, and catalytic metals from FA to flue gases can result in a considerable reformation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p...

The high toxicity and low volatility of PCDD/Fs prevent detailed study of their catalytic degradation removal characteristics. In this study, firstly, 1,2-dichlorobenzene (1,2-DCBz) was initially used as a model to investigate the catalytic characteristics of various vanadium-based catalysts prepared by different methods. Then, the optimized cataly...

Typical organic pollutants from coal-combustion flue gas such as volatile organic compounds (VOCs) need to be effectively controlled. This work synthesized a series of nitrogen-doped hierarchical porous carbons (NHPCs) by one-step activation with various proportions of cellulose, (NH4)2C2O4 and KHCO3/NaHCO3. The NHPCs have a high specific surface a...

Fine particles, especially condensable particulate matter (CPM) emitted from coal combustion, is one of the hidden trouble to the ecological environment and human health. In this study, CPM and filterable particulate matter (FPM) were sampled in four coal-fired units. The emission concentrations of CPM and FPM, organic fractions in the emitted CPM...

Due to the large amount, environmental impact, and complex properties of accumulated food waste, its disposal and valorization has become a growing global concern and challenges. In this study, a series of mesopore-enriched hierarchical porous carbons were synthesized from a mixture of two food waste components (peptone and bone). The prepared mate...

The conventional method for determining polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) emission concentrations from municipal solid waste incinerators (MSWIs) is accurate but complex, costly, and time-consuming. In this study, we utilized machine learning approaches to model International Toxic Equivalent Quality (I-T...

The composition of the fuel and operational conditions change dramatically under the long-term operation of municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI). Therefore, it is difficult to provide effective rapid feedback to control PCDD/F emissions, presenting as International Toxic Equivalent Quantity (I-TEQ). To address this problem, a PCDD/F emission p...

Inhibition mechanisms of sulfur-, nitrogen- and phosphorus- based inhibitors on the de novo synthesis of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, and dibenzofurans (PCDD/F) were studied by exploring speciation evolution of carbon, chorine and copper in fly ash under laboratory-scale experiments. Significant inhibition of PCDD/Fs by thiourea (TUA) and amm...

The formation of dibenzofuran (DF), polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs) from 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene (1,2,3-TrCBz) over metal oxide / silica surface were investigated using a tubular furnace. PCDD/Fs increased exponentially from 250 to 550 °C over copper oxide / silica su...

Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and dibenzofuran (PCDD/F) emission is one of main concerns for the secondary pollution of municipal solid waste incinerators (MSWI). For timely response to emission, 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene (1,2,4-TrClBz) as dioxin indicator can be monitored via online measurement techniques. In this study, multi-walled carbon nanotu...

With the development of economy and the improvement of environmental protection awareness, more pollutants such as the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) need be controlled from coal-combustion flue gas. In this work, a biomass-derived nitrogen-doped hierarchical porous carbon (NHPC) used as a versatile sorbent material, and the effect that the hier...

The emission of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and -furans (PCDD/F) from full-scale municipal solid waste incinerators (MSWI) is harmful to human and environmental health. This study analyzes the effect of different units of an air pollution control devices (APCDs), i.e. the semi-dry scrubber, fabric filter (FF), selective catalytic reduction (S...

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are one of the major contributors to toxic organic pollutants from coal combustion. In this study, the PAHs were sampled from a coal-fired industrial plant, and the influence of combined wet flue gas desulfurization (WFGD) and wet electrostatic precipitator (WESP) system on PAHs concentration (both in gas-pha...

Campaigns from 2008 to 2016 are carried out to study temporal variations and environmental impacts of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and dibenzofuran (PCDD/Fs) in soils in the vicinity of a new hazardous waste incinerator (HWI) in China. Results indicate that after 8-year operation of HWI, the geometrical means of both the total concentrations an...

Municipal solid waste incineration produces huge amount of fly ash containing chlorides, leachable heavy metals and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/F or dioxins). High-intensity ball milling was applied to model fly ash (MFA) samples at 300 rpm (1 and 8 h) which were composed of silica, sodium chloride, activated carbon an...

Titanium dioxide supported manganese oxide and cerium oxide noted as MnOx/TiO2, CeO2/TiO2, and MnOx-CeO2/TiO2 were prepared by sol-gel method and their low-temperature (< 200 oC) catalytic activity toward selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NO with NH3 were evaluated. The MnOx-CeO2/TiO2 catalyst exhibited optimal low-temperature performance that...

Condensable particulate matter (CPM) is the main part of total particulate matter (TPM) discharged from coal-fired power plants. In this study, a new analytical method was proposed for accurately quantifying the organic components including n-alkanes and phthalates in CPM that sampled from an ultralow emission coal-fired plant by using the Gas Chro...

To conduct a comprehensive ecological analysis on the solid residues derived from the thermal disposal of hyperaccumulator Pteris vittata, this study focused on the behaviors of As and Pb and the characteristics of environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs) in the solid residues under different thermal treatment conditions. The analysis resul...

Domestic waste in China is mainly collected as a combination of different types of materials. The components are variable and complex, with very different combustion characteristics making it difficult to optimize the burning to reduce pollution. There are still some controversies about the accuracy of using carbon monoxide (CO) emission to charact...

Mechanochemistry, as a non-thermal method showing remarkable degradation for persistent organic pollutants, is extended to stabilize the heavy metals in municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash in the present study. The leaching suppression of heavy metals (i.e., Zn, Pb, Cu, Cr, Cd, and Ni) facilitated by five additives during mechanochemi...

Landfilling, a traditional and major method for municipal solid waste management, is gradually being taken place by incineration. However, the contamination problem caused by polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and dibenzofuran (PCDD/F) emissions from incineration has also brought much concerns. Traditional offline method based on high-resolution gas...

The low-low temperature electrostatic precipitator (LLT-ESP), a combination of a traditional temperature electrostatic precipitator (ESP) and a non-leakage media gas-gas exchange (MGGH), could reduce the inlet flue gas temperature below the dew point and improved the performance of the ESP. Particulate matter (PM) from the stationary sources contai...

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with or without oxygen‐containing functional groups (e.g., hydroxy radical [─OH] and carboxyl [─COOH] group) were used in combination with titanium dioxide (TiO2) to support vanadium oxide as novel catalysts (i.e., V2O5/TiO2‐CNTs‐OH [V/Ti‐CNTs‐OH], V2O5/TiO2‐CNTs‐COOH [V/Ti‐CNTs‐COOH], and V2O5/TiO2‐CNTs [V/Ti‐CNTs]). These...

Novel KMnO4-treated magnetic biochar (FMBC) was successfully synthesized by addition of Fe(NO3)3 during carbonization and KMnO4 treatment following for Pb(II) and Cd(II) adsorption. SEM-EDS, XPS, and ICP-AES were used to evaluate the FMBC and magnetic biochar (FBC) on surface morphology, surface chemistry characteristics, surface functional groups,...

In this work, microwave-assisted hydrothermal process is applied to the PCDD/F degradation of municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash. The effects of water-washing pretreatment and the Na2HPO4 reagent on the degradation efficiency of PCDD/Fs are investigated. The PCDD/F content in MSWI fly ash is detected by high-resolution gas chromatogr...

The emission of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and -furans (PCDD/Fs) is a serious concern from municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI). The utilization of inhibitor is an effective method to inhibit the formation of PCDD/Fs. In the present study, the thiourea is used as an effective inhibitor in two full-scale MSW incinerators, and the suppres...

In this study, a microwave-assisted hydrothermal process (MAHP) is used to modify municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash. The influences of the dosage, additives, liquid-to-solid ratio (L/S), temperature, and reaction time are investigated in detail, and it is found that the modified fly ash (MFA) exhibits the highest adsorption capacity...

A home-made analytical instrument based on thermal desorption gas chromatography coupled to resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TD-GC-REMPI-TOFMS) was applied for atline measurement of 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene for the prediction of polychlorinated dibenzodioxin and dibenzofuran (PCDD/F) concentrations in the st...

In this work, microwave treatment was introduced to a hydrothermal treatment process to degrade PCDD/Fs (Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans) in municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash. Three process additives (NaOH, Na2HPO4, H2O), temperatures (150 °C, 185 °C, 220 °C) and reaction times (1 h, 2 h, 3 h) were investigated t...

In this work, microwave irradiation was introduced into a hydrothermal process to solidify heavy metals in MSWI fly ash. The reagent, Na2HPO4, showed a significant effect on the synthesis of zeolite-like materials, reducing the leaching concentration of heavy metals. The heavy metals morphologically transformed from acid-soluble form to a more stab...

Comprehensive diagnosis of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and dibenzofuran (PCDD/F) emissions was systematically conducted on three hazardous waste incinerators (HWIs). Results indicated that PCDD/F mainly existed in the solid phase before the bag filter. This was especially true for higher chlorinated dioxin and furan congeners (hexa-, hepta- an...

Mechanochemical (MC) treatment has been widely proposed to degrade chlorinated organics in various matrix materials. In this study, fly ash from municipal solid waste incineration was grinded without any addition, using an all-dimensional planetary ball mill. The treated fly ash samples were characterised using X-ray diffraction, Raman spectra, sca...

The low-low temperature electrostatic precipitator (LLT-ESP) is one of the most used devices for pollutant control in ultra-low emission coal-fired power plants. This study investigated the influence of the LLT-ESP on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) distributions in flue gas from an ultra-low emission coal-fired power plant. The total gas-p...

The effect of NaCl addition on the properties, activity, and deactivation of a V2O5-WO3/nano-TiO2 catalyst was investigated during catalytic decomposition of gas-phase polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs). The extent of deactivation relates directly to the NaCl loading of the catalyst. Poisoning by sodium ne...

The co-combustion of simulated municipal solid waste (SMSW) and the coal in a drop-tube furnace is studied in five test cases. The concentration and signature evolution of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDD) and -furans (PCDF) in both flue gases and fly ashes are monitored at the level of individual congeners, using statistical methods. Specia...

In this work, microwave-assisted hydrothermal process was applied to modify the municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash and get zeolitic production. The condition of hydrothermal process was fixed at 200 °C and 30 min. The 1 mol/L Na2HPO4 was selected as the additive, and the liquid to solid ratio was 3 ml/g. X-ray diffraction results rev...

Generally, coal-fired incinerators are characterized by a high combustion temperature and a well-equipped flue gas cleaning system. Co-combusting municipal solid waste (MSW) in coal-fired incinerators can reduce the emission of PCDD/Fs and help to enhance the treatment capacity of the MSW; more importantly, this approach provides a new orientation...