Shaun HiuUniversity of Oxford | OX · Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences
Shaun Hiu
Master of Science
About
37
Publications
28,863
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308
Citations
Introduction
Skills and Expertise
Additional affiliations
September 2019 - October 2024
December 2017 - August 2018
Singapore Prison Service
Position
- Research Officer
September 2016 - December 2017
Education
October 2024 - September 2027
September 2018 - August 2019
January 2014 - September 2016
Publications
Publications (37)
Background: Master protocols - umbrella, basket and platform trials that study multiple therapies, multiple diseases or both, offer many advantages, most profoundly that they answer multiple treatment related questions, that would otherwise take multiple trials. We conducted a review of trial registries to characterise their use in advancing precis...
Background and Aims
Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is a rare, progressive liver disease. Obeticholic acid (OCA) received accelerated approval for treating patients with PBC in whom ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) failed, based on a surrogate endpoint of reduction in alkaline phosphatase. Analysis of the long-term safety extension with 2 external con...
Objectives
Obeticholic acid (OCA) treatment for primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) was conditionally approved in the phase 3 POISE trial. The COBALT confirmatory trial assessed whether clinical outcomes in PBC patients improve with OCA therapy.
Methods
Patients randomized to OCA (5–10 mg) were compared with placebo (randomized controlled trial [RCT...
Background
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) flares remain poorly understood at a mechanistic level and have been difficult to study because of their sporadic nature. BIO-FLARE (BIOlogical Factors that Limit sustAined Remission in rhEumatoid arthritis; ISRCTN16371380) is an experimental medicine programme designed to scientifically study flares in RA, in w...
Background
In rheumatoid arthritis (RA), achievement of drug-free remission is limited by significant likelihood of flare (~50%) following DMARD withdrawal[1]. BIO-FLARE (ISRCTN16371380) is a prospective longitudinal study involving complete DMARD cessation and offers the possibility for biomarker development for prediction of flare. Chromosome con...
Introduction
Metformin has pleiotropic biological effects which might improve muscle function in older people. The MET-PREVENT trial tested the efficacy and safety of metformin as a therapy for sarcopenia and frailty in older people.
Methods
Double blind, randomised, parallel-group, placebo-controlled trial. Participants aged ≥65 with walk speed <...
Objectives
We systematically reviewed how investigators argued for and justified the validity of their instrumental variables (IV) in clinical studies of dementia and neurodegenerative disease.
Methods
We included studies using IV analysis with observational data to investigate causal effects in clinical research studies of dementia and neurodegen...
Background
Critically unwell babies in intensive care units may develop acute renal failure. Options for renal replacement therapy are limited by their small size and available technology.
Objectives
To determine the clinical efficacy, outcomes and safety profile of the NIDUS ® (a novel infant haemodialysis device) for babies under 8 kg, compared...
Background
Instrumental variable (IV) analysis is a methodology used to study causal effects of treatments or exposures. If properly implemented, causal effects can be estimated even in the presence of unmeasured confounding. . Central to IV analysis is the identification of a valid instrument that satisfies three assumptions – one is empirically v...
Background
The motor speech disorder, dysarthria, is common in cerebral palsy. The Speech Systems Approach therapy programme, which focuses on controlling breath supply and speech rate, has increased children’s intelligibility.
Objective
To ascertain if increased intelligibility is due to better differentiation of the articulation of individual co...
Introduction
Observational studies represent an alternative to estimate real-world causal effects in the absence of available randomised controlled trials (RCTs). Target trial emulation is a framework for the application of RCT design principles to emulate a hypothetical open-label RCT (the hypothetical target trial) using existing observational da...
Background
Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) are a prevalent feature in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Studies have consistently observed that certain NPS have a tendency to co‐occur with others. One major focus of NPS research has been to understand the factor structure of the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) to identify neuropsychiatric sy...
Background
International guidelines for the treatment of patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) recommend the use of risk stratification to optimise therapy to achieve and maintain a low-risk profile. However, recommended methods require hospital-based investigations. We sought to develop a method for daily, remote risk evaluation.
Me...
Objectives:
Renal replacement therapy (RRT) options are limited for small babies because of lack of available technology. We investigated the precision of ultrafiltration, biochemical clearances, clinical efficacy, outcomes, and safety profile for a novel non-Conformité Européenne-marked hemodialysis device for babies under 8 kg, the Newcastle Inf...
Background:
We present a systematic review and network meta-analysis (NMA) that is the precursor underpinning the Bayesian analyses that adjust for publication bias, presented in the same edition in AJT. The review assesses optimal cytoreduction for women undergoing primary advanced epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) surgery.
Areas of uncertainty:...
Background
Oral mucositis is a debilitating and painful complication of head and neck cancer irradiation that is characterised by inflammation of the mucous membranes, erythema and ulceration. Oral mucositis affects 6000 head and neck cancer patients per year in England and Wales. Current treatments have not proven to be effective. International st...
Background and aims
The POISE randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial demonstrated that obeticholic acid (OCA) reduced biomarkers associated with adverse clinical outcomes (ALP, bilirubin, AST, ALT) in patients with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC). The objective of this study was to evaluate time to first occurrence of liver transplant o...
Background:
Ovarian cancer is the seventh most common cancer among women and a leading cause of death from gynaecological malignancies. Epithelial ovarian cancer is the most common type, accounting for around 90% of all ovarian cancers. This specific type of ovarian cancer starts in the surface layer covering the ovary or lining of the fallopian t...
Background:
Ovarian cancer is the seventh most common cancer among women and the leading cause of death in women with gynaecological malignancies. Opinions differ regarding the role of ultra-radical (extensive) cytoreductive surgery in ovarian cancer treatment.
Objectives:
To evaluate the effectiveness and morbidity associated with ultra-radical...
Objectives
We consider expert opinion and its incorporation into a planned meta-analysis as a way of adjusting for anticipated publication bias. We conduct an elicitation exercise among eligible British Gynaecological Cancer Society (BGCS) members with expertise in gynaecology.
Design
Expert elicitation exercise.
Setting
BGCS.
Participants
Membe...
Background: Studies of patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) have observed that neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) tend to co-occur as neuropsychiatric syndromes, and have generally shown mixed results regarding the number and composition of syndromes. We systematically reviewed how neuropsychiatric syndromes in AD have been defined and compared the...
Introduction:
Skeletal muscle dysfunction is central to both sarcopenia and physical frailty, which are associated with a wide range of adverse outcomes including falls and fractures, longer hospital stays, dependency and the need for care. Resistance training may prevent and treat sarcopenia and physical frailty, but not everyone can or wants to...
Objectives: This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (prognosis). The objectives are as follows:. To assess the impact of residual disease after primary surgery on survival outcomes. In separate analyses, primary surgery will include both upfront debulking surgery followed by adjuvant chemotherapy (UDS) and neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by inte...
Background:
Obesity is being recognised as a risk factor for COVID-19 infection and severity. However, it is unclear if obesity is associated with COVID-19 at the ecological population-level, independent of other putative risk factors. This analysis assesses the association of country-level obesity prevalence with COVID-19 case and mortality rates...
Background
Our knowledge of immune-mediated inflammatory disease (IMID) aetiology and pathogenesis has improved greatly over recent years, however, very little is known of the factors that trigger disease relapses (flares), converting diseases from inactive to active states. Focussing on rheumatoid arthritis (RA), the challenge that we will address...
To resolve the problem of ageist attitudes in organizational contexts, the psychological processes that contribute to their endorsement must be investigated. We suggest that lay theories of aging (essentialist beliefs about cognitive aging, EBCA), fixed versus growth mindsets, and lay theories of time (LTT, perceptions of time as change versus. rep...
Background:
International societies have recommended that levothyroxine should not routinely be prescribed in older individuals for the management of mild subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH). However, it is unknown whether clinicians managing people with SCH are either aware of or adhere to these guidelines.
Methods:
A web-based survey of members o...
Background:
Researchers have questioned the utility of brief cognitive tests such as the Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE) and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) in serial administration and suggested that brief cognitive tests may not accurately track changes in Global Cognition.
Objective:
To examine the accuracy of longitudinal chan...
Background:
The subtypes and risk factors of neuropsychiatric symptoms remain largely unexplored in South-East Asian populations.
Objective:
We investigated the prevalence, subtypes, and risk factors, namely, demographic, medical morbidity, and cognitive impairment associated with neuropsychiatric symptoms in a South-East Asian cohort of patient...
Background: While atrial fibrillation (AF) is an important risk factor for ischemic strokes and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in Alzheimer’s disease, the association between AF and post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI), and the factors mediating this association, is unclear.
Objective: To investigate the role of AF in PSCI, especially in relat...
With the rapid increase in the prevalence of dementia worldwide there has been significant research
into modifiable risk factors for dementia. In this regard cerebrovascular diseases (CVD) represent
a potential therapeutic target in the fight against the epidemic of dementia. Both large vessel CVD
and small vessel disease in the form of chronic lac...
Questions
Questions (4)
Hi all,
I've been reading up on parametric survival analysis, especially on accelerated failure time models, and I am having trouble wrapping my head around the family of distributions.
I am aware that there are the exponential/weibull/log-normal/log-logistic distributions. But what I can't seem to find a clear and consistent answer on is which of the following is the one that is actually assumed to follow one of those distributions? Is it the survival time T, the log survival time ln(T), the hazard function h(t), the survival function S(t), or the residuals ε?
Thanks in advance.
Hi everyone,
What does it mean when a subscale does not correlate with the total score on the full scale? How does one interpret such a finding?
Thank you.
Hi RG,
Does anyone know how I might run a parallel mediated moderation analysis on either SPSS PROCESS or MEMORE?
I have attached an image of my proposed model, where M1 and M2 are the parallel mediators and W is the moderator. All variables are continuous.
Thanks!
Sincerely,
Shaun
Hello all,
How would one acquire an Odds ratio per standard deviation (OR per SD) increase/decrease of an explanatory variable?
The link from the IBM website below explains that one may use OR per SD if the value of exp(B) is too close to 1 to be meaningful, by "simply [standardizing] the variable, so that a unit change is one standard deviation."
I am confused how this might be implemented in SPSS. Let's say I have an explanatory variable (money) in a regression model with an outcome variable (happiness) for example. If I were to follow the definition of OR per SD above, that would mean a dollar change would be a change in SD.
But what if my money variable had a standard deviation value of, say, 200. How wold I use this value as the SD in a regression model?
