Shanzhi Chen

• PhD
• Chief Technology Officer (CTO) at China Academy of Telecommunication Technology (CATT)

Beam-space multiplexing, recognized as a pivotal technology within the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) standard, has been already adopted to simultaneously obtain the array gain and the multiplexing gain in fourth generation (4G) and fifth generation (5G) systems. This technique is expected to play a significant role in the forthcoming...

As investigated by 3GPP, support of UPF (user plane function) onboard satellite can reduce the latency of communications via satellite, and then it becomes a key enhancement in 5G network integrating with satellite communication. However, current 5G system cannot support UPF onboard LEO (low earth orbit) satellites, as it would face challenges like...

Recently, there has been increasing interest in data analysis services based on MapReduce framework, which is a programming model and an associated implementation for processing and generating Big Data sets with a parallel, distributed algorithm on a cluster. Due to limited resource configuration, it is hard for end users to deal with computing-int...

This chapter introduces LTE-V2X, the first stage of C-V2X technology. Starting with research background and V2X services requirements, we analyze key technical ideas and technical requirements of LTE-V2X, and present the communication modes and the network architecture. Furthermore, LTE-V2X radio interface protocol stack, physical layer structure,...

C-V2X is the important enabling technology for intelligent transportation and automated driving applications. This chapter analyzes the capabilities provided by C-V2X in these applications firstly, which is followed by the envisioned application phases of C-V2X. Lastly, the prospects for C-V2X technologies as well as research trends are presented.

As the mainstream international communication standard, C-V2X is supported by many companies from automotive, telecom and transportation industries. The ecosystem surrounding LTE-V2X technology has been formed. Several cross-industry platforms are established to promote C-V2X application, including standardization, testing, spectrum policy, regulat...

The C-V2X system integrates intelligent traffic management, dynamic information service, and intelligent vehicle control through the real-time perception and cooperation among people, vehicles, roads, and networks. It provides various services such as road safety, traffic efficiency improvement, and information entertainment. Compared with the trad...

NR-V2X is an important evolution stage of C-V2X to support the communication requirements of future advanced V2X applications for automated driving and platooning. This chapter first describes the standardization background and deployment scenarios of NR-V2X, and then briefly introduces the system architecture and physical layer structure of NR-V2X...

The requirements of V2X applications which include the basic applications and the advanced applications come from the transportation and the automotive industry are the important main driving force of the technology development. The basic applications have developed from the information services applications to the road traffic safety and the traff...

Firstly, this chapter presents the network architecture of V2X from the perspectives of V2X communications and applications, CVIS and ITS. Then the technical challenges faced by V2X communications are analyzed, and V2X protocol reference model is elaborated. The key technologies and the standardization progress of the two technical V2X standard sys...

Connected Vehicle has become one of the most important application scenarios of 5G. Especially the V2X communication technology has become the forefront of international standards and industrial competition, which can improve road safety, traffic efficiency and support future automated driving. Spectrum is the prerequisite for wireless systems. In...

In the intelligent transportation and automated driving applications, it is necessary to integrate C-V2X with the key technologies such as Mobile Edge Computing (MEC), 5G network slicing, High Definition Maps (HDM) and high accuracy positioning to provide perception, decision-making and control capabilities. By integrating C-V2X and mobile edge com...

Joint communications and sensing (JCAS) have the potential to improve the overall energy, cost and frequency efficiency of Internet-of-Things (IoT) systems. As a first effort, we propose to optimize the MIMO-OFDM data symbols carried by sub-carriers for better time-and spatial-domain signal orthogonality. This can reduce inter-target and inter-ante...

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have been widely employed in wireless communications, and the performance can be enhanced with the assistance of intelligent reflecting surface (IRS). However, the finite energy of UAVs greatly limits the endurance and becomes a bottleneck for IRS-UAV communications. In this paper, an integrated IRS-UAV communication...

Joint communication and sensing (JCAS) has the potential to improve the overall energy, cost and frequency efficiency of IoT systems. As a first effort, we propose to optimize the MIMO-OFDM data symbols carried by sub-carriers for better time- and spatial-domain signal orthogonality. This not only boosts the availability of usable signals for JCAS,...

Mobile communication standards were developed for enhancing transmission and network performance by utilizing more radio resources and improving spectrum and energy efficiency. How to effectively address diverse user requirements and guarantee everyone's Quality of Experience (QoE) remains an open problem. The future Sixth Generation (6G) system ca...

The autonomous cooperation of multiple UAVs (unmanned aerial vehicles) will effectively improve the efficiency of task completion and meet the needs of task diversity. The information interaction and mutual control between UAVs restricts the autonomy of multi-UAVs. The number and selection of control units not only affect the equipment cost of the...

Mobile communication standards were developed for enhancing transmission and network performance by using more radio resources and improving spectrum and energy efficiency. How to effectively address diverse user requirements and guarantee everyone's Quality of Experience (QoE) remains an open problem. The Sixth Generation (6G) mobile systems will...

Along with the development of beam-space multiplexing theory, multi-layer beamforming has been applied successfully in 4G and 5G terrestrial wireless communication systems to increase the system capacity. For the future Integrated Terrestrial-Satellite Communication (ITSC), beam-space multiplexing is also expected to improve beamforming gain, wirel...

Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) has drawn significant attention due to its high spectral efficiency. Invoking NOMA in heterogeneous networks (HetNets) can support ubiquitous connectivity and satisfy the growing demand for mobile data traffic. Existing studies on NOMA-enhanced HetNets mainly focus on network’s quality of service (QoS) metrics...

Mobile network is evolving from a communication-only network towards one with joint communication and radar/radio sensing (JCAS) capabilities, that we call perceptive mobile network (PMN). Radio sensing here refers to information retrieval from received mobile signals for objects of interest in the environment surrounding the radio transceivers, an...

Integrating unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) into emergency communications is a promising way to accomplish efficient network recovery with the advantages of UAV flexibility. To ensure information forwarding from the disaster area, this paper considers an emergency communication scenario where a UAV provides uplink relaying services based on non-ort...

Cellular vehicle-to-everything (C-V2X) is the most promising V2X communication technology which can greatly improve traffic efficiency and road safety. However, when vehicles are interconnected with the surrounding radio environment, the CV2X system will face various network security risks and threats, significantly impacting on traffic and life sa...

Abstract Dynamic multipath routing gives users flexibility over the transmitting path to deliver messages for security. Several protocols have already presented, such as multipath TCP, random routing mutation. However, they often limited to scalability, which mainly reflects on two aspects of network resource consumption and compossibility with oth...

Vehicular networks are expected to empower auto mated driving and intelligent transportation via vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communications and edge/cloud-assisted computation, and in the meantime Cellular V2X (C-V2X) is gaining wide support from the global industrial ecosystem. The 5G NR-V2X technology is the evolution of LTE-V2X, which is expecte...

Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) has recently been employed into millimeter wave (mmWave) beamspace MIMO to further improve connection density and spectrum efficiency for the emerging cellular internet of things (IoT) with massive IoT sensors and devices. Meanwhile, to achieve energy-efficient green communication, an advanced energy harvesting...

Network densification is a promising solution to fulfill network capacity requirement and transmission rate for beyond 5G and 6G wireless communications. Ultra-dense network (UDN) integrates heterogeneous network resources and coordinates technologies on quality of service controlling, to provide users with flexible service. However, dense deployme...

In emergency situations, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) can be quickly deployed as air base station to provide users with communication services. The outdoor transmission model and outdoor–indoor transmission model cannot be normalized, and an effective hybrid transmission model is difficult to establish when the UAV serves both indoor users and out...

The current security method of Internet of Vehicles (IoV) systems is rare, which makes it vulnerable to various attacks. The malicious and unauthorized nodes can easily invade the IoV systems to destroy the integrity, availability, and confidentiality of information resources shared among vehicles. Indeed, access control mechanism can remedy this....

Software-defined networking (SDN) is a cornerstone of next-generation networks and has already led to numerous advantages for data-center networks and wide-area networks. However, SDN is not widely adopted in constrained networks, such as Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN), due to excessive control overhead, lossy medium, and in-band control channels....

Joint communication and radar/radio sensing (JCAS), also known as dual-function radar communications , enables the integration of communication and radio sensing into one system, sharing a single transmitted signal. The perceptive mobile network (PMN) is a natural evolution of JCAS from simple point-to-point links to a mobile/cellular network with...

Mobile communication standards have been developed into a new era of B5G and 6G. In recent years, low earth orbit (LEO) satellites and space Internet have become hot topics. The integrated satellite and terrestrial systems have been widely discussed by industries and academics, and even are expected to be applied in those huge constellations in con...

As vehicular communications for beyond fifth-generation (B5G) and sixth-generation (6G) is picking up interests from academia and industry recently, more and more research and development have been devoted towards the establishment of vehicular communications for B5G and 6G that is capable of supporting the ever more intelligent transportation syst...

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) as aerial relays have found many applications in the current communication network. Since the air‐to‐ground (AtG) link differs from the terrestrial link, ensuring a reliable AtG transmission remains to be a meaningful issue. This article investigates that a UAV works as an aerial relay to forward information from mul...

Mobile edge networks can provide ultra-low latency by deploying services at the edge of networks. However, it is impracticable to place services on all the edge servers due to limited deployment cost requirement. It is desirable to make the optimal edge application placement decisions in a minimum response time and deployment cost, which involve tw...

Recently, the ultra-dense low earth orbit (LEO) satellite constellation over high-frequency band has served as a potential solution for terrestrial data offloading owing to its seamless coverage and high-capacity backhaul. In this paper, we consider an integrated ultra-dense LEO-based satellite-terrestrial network where the terrestrial operator (TO...

Mobile network is evolving from a communication-only network towards one with joint communication and radar/radio sensing (JCAS) capabilities, that we call perceptive mobile network (PMN). In PMNs, JCAS integrates sensing into communications, sharing a majority of system modules and the same transmitted signals. The PMN is expected to provide a ubi...

In this article, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) as a half-duplex decode-and-forward (DF) relay constructs a reliable link between the indoor user and the outdoor base station (BS) in an emergency scenario. During the outdoor-indoor signal propagation, the signal passing through the wall accelerates signal fading makes the signal fading model for out...

Most mobile ad hoc wireless networks have social features. It is a fundamental problem how to understand the performances of social-aware mobile ad hoc wireless networks. In this paper, we consider a wireless network area, with restricted mobility model and rank-based social model. On this basis, we investigate the upper bound of throughput capacit...

C-V2X (Cellular Vehicle-to-Everything) is the important enabling technology for autonomous driving and intelligent transportation systems. It evolves from LTE (Long Term Evolution)-V2X to NR (New Radio)-V2X, which will coexist and be complementary with each other to provide low latency, high reliability, and high throughput communications for vario...

Since 5G new radio comes with non-standalone (NSA) and standalone (SA) versions in 3GPP, research on 6G has been on schedule by academics and industries. Though 6G is supposed to have much higher capabilities than 5G, yet there is no clear description about what 6G is. In this article, a comprehensive discussion of 6G is given based on the review o...

C-V2X (Cellular Vehicle-to-Everything) is the important enabling technology for autonomous driving and intelligent transportation systems. It evolves from LTE (Long Term Evolution)-V2X to NR (New Radio)-V2X, which will coexist and be complementary with each other to provide low latency, high reliability, and high throughput communications for vario...

Since 5G new radio comes with non-standalone (NSA) and standalone (SA) versions in 3GPP, research on 6G has been on schedule by academics and industries. Though 6G is supposed to have much higher capabilities than 5G, yet there is no clear description about what 6G is. In this article, a comprehensive discussion of 6G is given based on the review o...

Vehicular communication networks have emerged to enable numerous vehicular data services and applications. Conventional vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) are often operated in the ad hoc mode and mainly focus on road safety applications based on the connection between vehicles and roadside units (RSUs). To support vehicular communications, ded...

Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) relaying is an efficient solution to provide wireless access for emergency communications due to the high flexibility. The system reliability is usually constrained under limited bandwidth and power resources. Downlink non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) can improve the system reliability through a higher resource ut...

In this article, the new term, namely beam-space multiplexing, is proposed for the former multi-layer beamforming for 4G TD-LTE in 3GPP releases. We provide a systematic overview of beam-space multiplexing from engineering and theoretical perspectives. Firstly, we clarify the fundamental theory of beam-space multiplexing. Specifically, we provide a...

In this article, the new term, namely beam-space multiplexing, is proposed for the former multi-layer beamforming for 4G TD-LTE in 3GPP releases. We provide a systematic overview of beam-space multiplexing from engineering and theoretical perspectives. Firstly, we clarify the fundamental theory of beam-space multiplexing. Specifically, we provide a...

Anonymous systems are usually used to protect users' privacy in network communication. However, even in the low-latency Tor system, it is accompanied by network communication performance degradation, which makes users have to give up using the anonymity system in many applications. Therefore, we propose a novel anonymity system with rotated multi-p...

Massive Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) is considered as a key technology for 4G and 5G wireless communication systems to improve spectrum efficiency by supporting large number of concurrent users. In addition, for the target frequency band of 5G system, mmWave band, massive MIMO is pivotal in compensating the high pathloss. In this paper, we...

Using drone as aerial access point (AAP) to provide communication connectivity becomes an attractive application in future industrial wireless networking. However, the user association becomes more complex in the 3-tier drone-assisted heterogeneous networking (DAHN) due to the various types of APs. To address the issue, we formulated it as an assoc...

Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) is a promising radio access technology for the 5G wireless systems. The core of NOMA is to support multiple users in the same resource block via power or code domain multiplexing, which provides great enhancement in spectrum efficiency and connectivity. Meanwhile, with the recent advance in self-interference (S...

Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) is a promising radio access technology for the 5G wireless systems. The core of NOMA is to support multiple users in the same resource block via power or code domain multiplexing, which provides great enhancement in spectrum efficiency and connectivity. Meanwhile, with the recent advance in self-interference (S...

Pattern division multiple access (PDMA) is a kind of non-orthogonal multiple access technology based on the principle of the introduced reasonable diversity between multi-user and joint design between transmitter and receiver to promote the capacity. PDMA can be used in 5G typical scenarios like eMBB, URLLC and mMTC, enhancing spectrum efficiency,...

Vehicle platooning is of great importance in future autonomous driving and intelligent transportation systems, due to its advantages in road safety, traffic efficiency, energy consumption and exhaust emissions. This paper focuses on the scalability performance of platooning control, which aims to achieve long platoon size under the premise of ensur...

In this paper, the problem of optimal placement of a single Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is studied, where the objective is to minimize the total transmit power required to provide wireless coverage for indoor users. Two cases of practical interest are considered and efficient solutions to the formulated problem under these cases are presented. In...

Using the drone base station (DBS) to alleviate the network coverage supply-demand mismatch is an attractive issue. Found in DBS-assisted cellular mobile networks, the deployment of DBSs to cope with the dynamic load requirements is an important problem. The authors propose a proactive DBS deployment method to enhance the DBS deployment flexibility...

Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) has been recently considered in millimeter-wave (mmWave) massive MIMO systems to further enhance the spectrum efficiency. In addition, simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) is a promising solution to maximize the energy efficiency. In this paper, for the first time, we investigate the int...

The ultra-dense network (UDN) is one of the most promising technologies in the fifth generation (5G) to address the network system capacity issue. However, it is a new challenge that the user equipment (UE) secure access UDN composed of the access points (APs) which characterized with autonomy, temporary and dynamic. In 5G UDN, the APs are independ...

Vehicular communications and networking (VCN) is considered a billion-dollar industry. Its development not only possesses economic value, but also has enormous social potential. The earliest vehicular network started from the dedicated short range networks, such as the IEEE 802.11p standard established at the beginning of this century. In recent ye...

The ultradense network (UDN) is one of the most promising technologies in the fifth generation (5G) to address the network system capacity issue. It can enhance spatial reuse through the flexible, intensive deployment of small base stations. A universal 5G UDN architecture is necessary to realize the autonomous and dynamic deployment of small base...

Device caching has emerged as a promising solution to alleviate backhaul overload in future wireless networks with mixed cooperative and selfish devices. The behaviors of these devices actually represent the inherent social-network characteristics of their users, i.e. people treat each other differently according to the closeness of their social re...

5G has been developing at high speed since 2012 and has become a global economic driver. In this paper, we offer a survey of 5G covering visions, requirements, roadmap, key technologies, standardization, frequency management, technology trials, industrial ecology, and a list of main 5G contributors. We also point out the contributions to 5G from Ch...

Drone base stations (DBSs) can provide wireless coverage on the ground. In this letter, we propose an energy efficient placement algorithm for a DBS that serves a set of ground users, using minimum required transmit power. We obtain the optimal drone position by decoupling the deployment problem in the horizontal and vertical dimensions. Simulation...

Safety messages propagation is the major task for Vehicular Cyber-Physical Systems in order to improve the safety of roads and passengers. However, reducing traffic and car accidents can only be achieved by disseminating safety messages in a timely manner with high reliability. Although mathematical modeling of the delay of safety messages is extre...

Densely deployed APs put forward new challenges to the mobility of UEs. The AP/small cell coverage will lead to a rising in the UE handover frequency and increasing of the handover failure. In addition, the dense deployment of APs needs to optimize the configuration of the handover threshold, which gives the challenges of network planning. Dual con...

Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB) addresses the human-centric use cases for access to multi-media content, services and data. This scenario will come with new application areas and requirements in addition to existing Mobile Broadband applications for improved performance and an increasingly seamless user experience.

In UUDN architecture, there are no more “cells” logically and physically from user’s perspective [1]. In addition, the different types of APs will result in complicated handover signaling processes. Therefore, many APs in one area will be organized intelligently to follow user’s movement and provide data transmission on-demand.

In this book, we define User-Centric Ultra-Dense Networks (UUDN) [1] by introducing the philosophy of network serving user and the “de-cellular” method. UUDN is a wireless network that the AP density is comparable to the user density; this network will organize an AP Group (APG) as a following coverage to serve each user seamlessly without user’s i...

The topology of UDN toward 5G can be summarized with following key characteristics: (1) high density of mobile APs distributed randomly without network planning [1]; (2) various kinds of APs with different backhaul or fronthaul capabilities [2]; (3) heterogeneous networks with different overage ranges, different spectrum band and multiple RATs [3–5...

In recent years, with the growing popularity of smart devices and wide spreading of mobile Internet, the mobile data traffic is increasing dramatically. By 2020, the global mobile traffic volume will have about 1000 times growth compared to that of 2010 [1, 2]. According to the mobile cellular history from the first Generation Mobile Communication...

As we know aforementioned, the architecture UDN and UUDN are flatter than that of the traditional cellular network such as 3GPP defined EPC architecture [1]. Additionally, a group APs around UE will be dynamically organized as an APG to serve the user and follow user’s movement in UUDN. Therefore, any counterfeited AP in the UUDN not only threatens...

This is the first book to introduce UUDN for 5G, including the concept, challenges, architecture and key technologies. The new network architecture based on “de-cellular” and “user-centric” is proposed with three kinds of decoupling: user plane and control plane decoupling from radio access, control and transmission decoupling from network, local s...

We consider the resource allocation problem in user-centric ultradense network, where each user equipment (UE) is served by its own access points group (APG), and the APG will be dynamically adjusted to support UE's movement. In this context, our scheme is to jointly design dynamic APs grouping and the resource allocation for coordinated transmissi...

Distributed mobile cloud computing (MCC) is the new paradigm for providing ubiquitous cloud resources to mobile users with low latency. Mobility is an important factor in distributed mobile cloud computing which may incur intermittent connectivity and consequently fail computation offloading requests. Latest researches on human mobility show that m...

In recent years, with the growing popularity of smart device, our daily life has come to revolve around with spectacularly successful mobile Internet services, which lead to the explosion of data traffic in mobile communication networks. The requirement on communication networks has become a critical issue. By 2020, the global mobile traffic volume...

As different requirements on mobility support will be introduced by diversified communication scenarios in the fifth generation (5G), on demand mobility management is put forward to simplify signaling process, reduce terminal power consumption, improve network efficiency and so on. In order to enable on demand mobility management in 5G networks, a...

The market performance prediction of domestic motion picture is an important problem that is worthy of study. In this paper, by incorporating Chinese fine-grained semantic features, we propose a method of community detection and genetic optimization especially for Chinese domestic films. These semantic features, also named as gene elements, are use...

Applications of VANETs (Vehicular Ad hoc Networks) have their own requirements and challenges in wireless communication technology. Although regarded as the first standard for VANETs, IEEE 802.11p is still in the field-trial stage. Recently, LTE V2X (Long-Term Evolution Vehicular to X) appeared as a systematic V2X solution based on TD-LTE (Time Div...

Vehicular network communication technology is currently attracting a considerable amount of attention. We consider a scenario in which vehicular communication nodes share the same spectrum resources and generate interference with other nodes. Compared with traditional interference-avoiding vehicular communications, this paper aims to increase the n...