Shankar Khanal- Ph.D.
- Professor (Full) at Tribhuvan University
Shankar Khanal
- Ph.D.
- Professor (Full) at Tribhuvan University
About
53
Publications
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Introduction
Prof. Shankar Khanal currently works at the Central Department of Statistics(www.tucds.edu.np), Tribhuvan University. Shankar does research in Biostatistics, Epidemiology, Public Health, and different areas of Applied Statistics.
Skills and Expertise
Current institution
Additional affiliations
August 2006 - November 2009
September 1997 - present
January 1999 - present
Tribhuvan University(T.U.), Kathmandu, Nepal
Position
- Tribhuvan University
Publications
Publications (53)
Introduction: Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are injuries or pain in the human
musculoskeletal system which could lead to temporary or permanent
impairments. The nature of nursing jobs makes nurses vulnerable to MSDs. This
study aimed to assess the prevalence and potential risk factors associated with
MSDs among nurses.
Methods: In between March...
Objectives To estimate the prevalence of anxiety and depression and identify the associated factors among people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) visiting diabetes clinics of Pokhara Metropolitan, Nepal.
Design Cross-sectional study.
Setting Three diabetes clinics in Pokhara Metropolitan, Nepal, from May to July 2021.
Participants 283 people...
One of the key factors in reducing monetary poverty is the identification of its determinants. Using a logistic regression model and considering household poverty status (poor/non-poor) as the response variable, this paper attempts to identify the most promising factors associated with monetary poverty based on nationally representative data of 5,9...
Introduction:
Hypertensive retinopathy is a common complication in patients with hypertension. This study aims to assess the prevalence, associated factors and awareness of hypertensive retinopathy among an elderly population with hypertension in Bhaktapur, Nepal.
Materials and methods:
This is a population-based, cross-sectional study conducted...
Background: Elderly populations are the vulnerable population and yet still neglected one. The main aim of the research is to assess the nutritional status of elderly population at Gokarneshwor municipality, Kathmandu. Methods: Quantitative cross sectional study was conducted in the time frame of July 15-Jan 15, 2020 among 301 elderly population of...
Background: Elderly populations are the vulnerable population and yet still neglected one. The main aim of the research is to assess the nutritional status of elderly population at Gokarneshwor municipality, Kathmandu. Methods: Quantitative cross sectional study was conducted in the time frame of July 15-Jan 15, 2020 among 301 elderly population of...
Liver cancer is one of the significant cancer types affecting the human population taking their lives. The study aimed to analyze the situation of liver cancer among alcohol consumers and smokers together, and it was conducted in BPKMCH, Chitwan. The data was collected from the year 2009 to 2013 AD. Randomly selected 160 cancer cases and analyzed t...
Background: The health risks was reported in the cement industry in various study conducted in different settings. This study aimed to assess the occupational health risks among cement factory workers of Dang district of Nepal. Methods: A cross-sectional study in 212 workers was conducted in Samrat Cement Company and Sonapur Minerals and Oils of Da...
Background: The health risks was reported in the cement industry in various study conducted in different settings. This study aimed to assess the occupational health risks among cement factory workers of Dang district of Nepal. Methods: A cross-sectional study in 212 workers was conducted in Samrat Cement Company and Sonapur Minerals and Oils of Da...
Introduction:
Visual impairment and blindness are significant public health issues worldwide. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence and causes of moderate to severe visual impairment (MSVI) and blindness in people aged 15 years and above across three ecological regions of Nepal.
Materials and methods:
A comparative cross-sec...
Background: Chepang Community in Nepal has often been characterized as the poorest among Nepal’s poor, and has faced food insecurity at a household level each year. Health status of their children is poor compared to other community children and more so for the age group under the age of five years. Objective: To find the proportion of stunting, wa...
Introduction:
Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS) is developed among computer workers due to long time working with computers or viewing of the video display terminal (VDT). The objective of this study is to determine the magnitude and determinants of CVS symptoms among IT officers.
Materials and methods:
A cross sectional study of IT office workers...
Introduction
Retinal diseases are an emerging cause of visual impairment in the developing world. The aim of this study was to explore the prevalence, pattern, and risk factors of retinal diseases in Nepal.
Methods
This is a population-based, cross-sectional study conducted from 2013 to 2015. The sample size was 2100 subjects age 60 years and abov...
Background: Visual impairment and blindness are significant public health issues worldwide. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and causes of moderate to severe visual impairment (MSVI) and blindness in people aged 15 years and above across three ecological regions of Nepal. Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted in one...
Background: Visual impairment and blindness are significant public health issues worldwide. The study aims to explore is the prevalence and causes of moderate to severe visual impairment and blindness across three ecological regions of Nepal. Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted in three districts covering all ecological regio...
Background: Different survival analysis techniques such as nonparametric, semi-parametric, parametric Accelerated Failure Time (AFT) models have been generally applied to analyze time to event data. In order to identify the prognostic factors for survival of Acute Liver Failure (ALF) patients, previous studies applied Cox Proportional hazards (CPH)...
Background: Visual impairment and blindness are significant public health issues worldwide. The study aims to explore is the prevalence and causes of moderate to severe visual impairment and blindness across three ecological regions of Nepal. Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted in three districts covering all ecological regio...
Background: Visual impairment and blindness are significant public health issues worldwide. The study aims to explore is the prevalence and causes of moderate to severe visual impairment and blindness across three ecological regions of Nepal. Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted in three districts covering all ecological regio...
Background Vision impairment and blindness are significant public health issues worldwide. The study aims to explore is the prevalence and causes of moderate to severe vision impairment and blindness across three ecological regions of Nepal. Methods A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted in three districts covering all ecological regions...
p> Background: Acute Liver Failure (ALF) is a kind of dangerous rare liver injury among all liver diseases. Different statistical methods such as Logistic regression, Kaplan-Meier estimate of survival function followed by Log-rank test and semi-parametric approaches of survival analysis has been applied in order to identify the significant risk fac...
Aim
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is an emerging cause of blindness in developing countries. This study aimed to explore the prevalence and risk factors of DR in an elderly population in Nepal.
Subjects and methods
This is a population-based, cross-sectional study. A total of 1860 subjects at the age 60 years and above participated (response rate 88.6...
Background
This study aims to explore the prevalence and causes of low vision and blindness focused on retinal disease in a population above 60 years in Nepal. Methods
Two thousand one hundred subjects were enrolled in a population-based cross-sectional study. History, presenting and best corrected visual acuity after subjective refraction, anterio...
p class="Default"> Background: Whenever the population is large and it is very time taking and costly to take observation on each unit of the population then sampling is the only way to get the appropriate estimate of the population parameter under consideration. Many authors have given many estimators for estimating population variance with greate...
Tourism, apart from being perceived as an economic factor, is a social component and it prevails subjectively and intangibly in the community. With this view, the purpose of this study is to identify and examine the local residents' perceptions towards social impact of tourism in Nepal by conducting face to face field survey of 601 respondents from...
Background
This study aims to explore the prevalence, pattern and risk factors of retinal vein occlusion (RVO) in an elderly population of Nepal.
Method
One thousand eight hundred sixty subjects of age 60 years and above were enrolled in a population-based, cross-sectional study. Detailed history, visual acuity, anterior segment and posterior segm...
Aim
This study aimed to explore the prevalence of and risk factors for age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in an elderly population in Nepal.
Subjects and methods
This is a population-based, cross-sectional study. A sample size of 2,100 was calculated. A total of 1,860 (88.6%) subjects aged >60 years were enrolled for the study from 30 clusters...
Co-integrated vector, Granger causality, Lag order. This study tries to examine long run causality of international tourist arrival in Nepal and their average length of stay towards share of gross domestic product of tourism by using vector error correction model (VECM). A multivariate time series analysis has been applied from the period of 1991 t...
Background
Early detection can reduce irreversible blindness from retinal diseases. This study aims to assess the intra- and inter-rater agreement of retinal pathologies observed on fundus photographs between an ophthalmologist and two-mid level ophthalmic personnel (MLOPs). MethodA population-based, cross-sectional study was conducted among subjec...
This study tries to examine long run and short run relationship of foreign exchange earnings from tourism and average expenditure of international tourists towards share of gross domestic product (GDP) of Nepalese tourism by using Vector Error Correction Model (VECM). A multivariate time series analysis has been applied from the period of 1991 to 2...
Background
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) are among the leading causes of visual impairment and blindness in developing countries. This study aims to explore the awareness of these retinal diseases in Nepal.
Method
A population based cross-sectional study conducted among individuals 60 years and older from the...
Blindness and visual impairment remain leading causes of disability in the world, and also considered one of the major eye problems in Nepal. This study was planned to identify the significant risk factors of visual impairment and blindness based on hospital data. The analysis is based on 2000 patients’ information with age ?40 years retrospectivel...
Available at http://cbs.gov.np/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/Population%20Monograph%20V02.pdf
Published in Population Monograph of Nepal, 2014, Volume II, Chapter 9
Background: Cataract and glaucoma are both common conditions and are often present
in the same patient. The incidence of these diseases increases with age. Besides vision
impairment, these diseases are associated with decrement in quality of life (QOL).
Objective: To study the effect of phacoemulsification surgery on various parameters in
patients...
Accelerated Failure Time (AFT) models can be used for the analysis of time to event data to estimate the effects of covariates on acceleration/deceleration of the survival time. The effect of the covariate is measured through a log-linear model taking logarithm of the survival time as the outcome or dependent variable. Hence, the effect of covariat...
Background:
Cataract and glaucoma are both common conditions and are often present in the same patient. The incidence of these diseases increases with age. Besides vision impairment, these diseases are associated with decrement in quality of life (QOL).
Objective:
To study the effect of phacoemulsification surgery on various parameters in patien...
Vitreo-retinal diseases are among the leading causes of visual impairment and blindness worldwide. This study reports the prevalence and pattern of vitreo-retinal diseases in the Bhaktapur Glaucoma Study (BGS), a population based study conducted in Nepal.
BGS was a population based cross-sectional study involving 4800 subjects aged 40 years and ove...
Introduction:
The Bhaktapur Glaucoma Study is a population-based, cross-sectional and longitudinal study undertaken in one of the districts of Nepal.
Objectives:
To determine the prevalence of glaucoma in Bhaktapur district, Nepal.
Materials and methods:
Thirty clusters were randomly selected and a door-to-door census was conducted to identify...
Background & objectives:
The cytokines, adipokines, and oxidative stress have been implicated in the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD); however, such data remain scarce in India. The present study evaluated pro-inflammatory cytokines, adipokines, and markers of oxidative stress in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver dise...
Patients admitted to the hospital with acute liver failure (ALF) and high arterial levels of ammonia are more likely to have complications and poor outcomes than patients with lower levels of ammonia. ALF is a dynamic process; ammonia levels can change over time. We investigated whether early changes (first 3 days after admission) in arterial level...
It is difficult to predict the outcome in patients with acute liver failure (ALF) using existing prognostic models. This study investigated whether early changes in the levels of dynamic variables can predict outcome better than models based on static baseline variables.
380 patients with ALF (derivation cohort n=244, validation cohort n=136) parti...
To determine the prevalence and types of glaucoma in a Nepalese population.
Cross-sectional, population-based survey.
A total of 4800 subjects aged 40 years or older from the Bhaktapur district of Kathmandu valley.
Subjects aged 40 years or older were selected using a cluster sampling procedure and door-to-door enumeration for a population-based, c...
Background: To evaluate the visual outcome after cataract surgery in a population of Nepal.
Design: Population-based cross-sectional study.
Participants: Forty years and above residing in Bhaktapur district.
Methods: Subjects were selected from 30 clusters using cluster sampling procedure. All underwent a detailed examination at the base hospital,...
The purpose of the study was to evaluate the characteristics of central corneal thickness and its association with age, sex, and intraocular pressure in a Nepalese population.
The study design was a cross-sectional, population-based survey. Two thousand three hundred thirty patients aged 40 years and older were examined at Tilganga Institute of Oph...
Abstract Background Cataract and glaucoma are the major causes of blindness in Nepal. Bhaktapur is one of the three districts of Kathmandu valley which represents a metropolitan city with a predominantly agrarian rural periphery. This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of visual impairment, cataract surgery and awareness of cataract a...
To compare the anterior chamber depth (ACD) and axial length of eyes in a population-based sample among normal, occludable angle, and primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) groups.
Totally, 3979 subjects from a population-based glaucoma prevalence study underwent complete ocular examination including four mirror gonioscopy. An angle in which >270 de...
Unlabelled:
Antituberculosis therapy (ATT)-associated acute liver failure (ATT-ALF) is the commonest drug-induced ALF in South Asia. Prospective studies on ATT-ALF are lacking. The current study prospectively evaluated the magnitude, clinical course, outcome, and prognostic factors in ATT-ALF. From January 1986 to January 2009, 1223 consecutive AL...
In acute liver failure (ALF), high blood ammonia levels have been documented that correlate with mortality and complications. L-ornithine L-aspartate (LOLA) reduces ammonia levels by increasing hepatic ammonia disposal and its peripheral metabolism. Present study evaluated efficacy and ammonia lowering effect of LOLA in ALF.
This study was placebo-...
Questions
Question (1)
Actually I want to estimate the prevalence of women trafficking, children trafficking. There is no reporting system. Because of typical culture, societal value, religious prospects, the clandestine nature of this, this activity does not come into reporting. What methodology would be adopted under such scenario? As I thought of applying capture-recapture sampling approach.However, for applying this approach, it is very difficult to trace the persons affected by trafficking even at initial stage.
If anyone suggest me, it would be great please!
